Hungarian flat pea

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Hungarian flat pea
Hungarian flat pea (Lathyrus pannonicus)

Hungarian flat pea ( Lathyrus pannonicus )

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Fabeae
Genre : Flat peas ( Lathyrus )
Type : Hungarian flat pea
Scientific name
Lathyrus pannonicus
( Jacq. ) Garcke

The Hungarian flat pea ( Lathyrus pannonicus ), also called pannonia flat pea , is a species of plant from the genus flat peas ( Lathyrus ) in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae).

description

Habitus, flowers and legumes
Lathyrus pannonicus subsp. hispanicus in Catalonia

Appearance and leaf

The Hungarian flat pea is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 25 to 50 cm. It has a creeping "rhizome" and a more or less spindle-shaped to club-shaped thickened root. The vegetative parts of the plant above ground are fresh green and mostly completely bare. The upright or ascending stem is simple or branched at the base, usually rigid, wingless, square and grooved.

The leaves have a clearly winged spindle, about 2 to 3 cm long, ending in a lanceolate, almost leaf-like tip. They have two or three pairs of spaced apart leaflets. These are narrow-lanceolate to linear, 2 to 7 cm long and 2 to 3 mm wide, pointed, with three or five parallel, little protruding nerves and quite thin. The stipules are narrow, semi-arrow-shaped and usually shorter than the petiole.

Inflorescence and flower

The flowering period extends from May to June. The racemose inflorescences are usually erect and one-sided and they can be shorter, but also longer than the petiole. The inflorescences contain four to eight flowers. The flowers are protruding or nodding on thin flower stalks in the axils of subtle, decrepit bracts .

The hermaphroditic flowers are 12 to 17 mm long, zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are crooked, fused together like a bell. Of the five lanceolate, somewhat hairy calyx teeth, the lower ones are about half as long as the calyx tube, the upper ones are much shorter and curve together. The more or less yellowish-white petals stand together in the typical shape of the butterfly flower . The flag is often reddish.

Fruit and seeds

With a length of 3 to 6 cm and a width of 3 to 5 mm, the upright legumes are linear, flat, glabrous, smooth, slightly annoying and red-brown in color when ripe. The seeds are flattened, about 2.5 to 3 mm long, smooth, brown, and often spotted.

Chromosome set

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

Occurrence and endangerment

The Hungarian flat pea is distributed from Spain and southern France , from northern Italy to the Balkan Peninsula , the Czech Republic, Hungary, Russia , Ukraine and the Crimea , as well as disjunct in the Altai Mountains and in Germany (see also the distribution of the subspecies).

The Hungarian flat pea grows in moist to dry poor meadows and light bushes.

In Germany it occurs only at two locations in the western Keuper-Lias area near Tübingen , and at two locations in Rhineland-Palatinate near Gau-Algesheim . The Hungarian flat pea is only found in Germany with an intermediate form Lathyrus pannonicus subsp. collinus (Ortm.) Soó , which is characterized by root stocks longer than 8 cm. Since the root length of 10 to 20 cm typical for this subspecies does not reach that of the Lathyrus pannonicus Jacq. subsp. pannonicus (homeland: Bohemia , Hungary etc.) of 5 cm is clearly exceeded, the native populations are likely to be interpreted as intermediate forms. This could indicate that the immigration of this rare species was more likely from the west (home of the Lathyrus pannonicus subsp. Collinus ).

In Austria, two subspecies occur in the Pannonian area of the federal states of Vienna , Lower Austria and Burgenland on the colline to submontane altitude level . Lathyrus pannonicus subsp. collinus is rarely found on damp and alternately wet meadows and marsh meadows. Lathyrus pannonicus subsp. pannonicus occurs very rarely on dry to semi-wet meadows.

Lathyrus pannonicus is extremely rare in Germany. It is a territorial character species of the Geranio-Peucedanetum cervariae. It is classified as particularly protected according to BArtSchV . Collecting or herbarizing of this kind is strictly forbidden according to the current BArtSchV and can be punished with heavy fines. Endangerment in Germany: Category 2: endangered.

Systematics

One can distinguish the following subspecies of the Hungarian flat pea:

  • Lathyrus pannonicus (Jacq.) Garcke subsp. pannonicus : It occurs in Central and Southeastern Europe.
  • Lathyrus pannonicus subsp. asphodeloides (Gouan) Bässler : It occurs only in France, Germany and Italy.
  • Lathyrus pannonicus subsp. collinus (J. Ortmann) Soó : It occurs only from France to Ukraine and Russia.
  • Lathyrus pannonicus subsp. hispanicus (Lacaita) Bässler : It only occurs in Spain and Ukraine.
  • Lathyrus pannonicus subsp. varius (Hill) PW Ball : It occurs only in Italy, Albania, Bulgaria and in the former Yugoslavia.

literature

  • Gustav Hegi, H. Gams, H. Marzell: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume IV. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (5) (Leguminosae - Tropaeolaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1964, ISBN 3-489-70020-1 (unchanged reprint from 1923-1924 with addendum).
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 2nd expanded edition. tape 2 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Dilleniidae): Hypericaceae to Primulaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3323-7 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 617 .
  2. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 , p. 582 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f In: The Euro + Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity

Web links

Commons : Hungarian flat pea ( Lathyrus pannonicus )  - album containing pictures, videos and audio files