Lower evil

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Lower evil
Lower Argen between cheeks and Amtzell

Lower Argen between cheeks and Amtzell

Data
Water code DE : 21522
location Germany
River system Rhine
Drain over Argen  → Lake Constance  → Rhine  → North Sea
origin The confluence of the Börlasbach and the Stixnerbach at Missen
47 ° 35 ′ 47 ″  N , 10 ° 7 ′ 15 ″  E
Source height approx.  850  m above sea level NN
confluence near Neuravensburg with the Upper Argen zur Argen coming from the left Coordinates: 47 ° 39 '17 "  N , 9 ° 44' 40"  E 47 ° 39 '17 "  N , 9 ° 44' 40"  E
Mouth height 489  m above sea level NN
Height difference approx. 361 m
Bottom slope approx. 5.2 ‰
length 69 km
Catchment area 367 km²
Discharge at the Beutelsau
A Eo gauge : 256 km²
Location: 13.9 km above the mouth 		NNQ (07.10.1997)
MNQ 1922/2009
MQ 1922/2009
Mq 1922/2009
 MHQ 1922/2009
HHQ (10.06.1965) 		1.1 m³ / s
2.14 m³ / s
8.64 m³ / s
33.8 l / (s km²)
 113 m³ / s
235 m³ / s
Discharge  at the mouth (natural discharge)
A Eo : 367 km² 		MNQ
MQ
Mq
 MHQ
 2.45 m³ / s
11.03 m³ / s
30.1 l / (s km²)
 137.98 m³ / s
Medium-sized cities Wangen in the Allgäu
Small towns Isny

The Untere Argen is a river in Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany . It is the much richer of the two source rivers of the Argen and thus hydrographically their main source river. At around 69 kilometers, it is also longer than the 50-kilometer Obere Argen . The river code number GKZ 2152 of the Argen was, however, also assigned to the Upper Argen, which is therefore officially regarded as its upper reaches.

geography

course

The Untere Argen arises from the confluence of the Börlasbach and the Stixnerbach at about 850 m above sea level. NN at the western entrance to Missen in the Bavarian-Swabian district of Oberallgäu , from where it initially flows in a northerly direction to Isny . Shortly before the Großholzleute district , the Untere Argen takes on the Wengener Argen coming from the right and crosses the Bavarian-Württemberg state border. At Isny ​​the Untere Argen changes direction to the northwest and at Waltershofen then to the southwest. At the level of the Wangen district of Neuravensburg , around one kilometer northwest of the large Obere Argen viaduct on the A96 , it joins the Obere Argen and forms the Argen for around 15 km , which flows into Lake Constance between Kressbronn and Langenargen .

Tributaries

Tributaries from the origin to the mouth. Selection.

history

Directly on the Lower Argen, not far from Isny, on a ledge, only a few dozen meters above the water level, is the former site of the Roman cavalry fort Vemania . It was part of the Danube-Iller-Rhein-Limes and strategically divided the route from Bregenz to Kempten (Allgäu) . For the numerous individual systems, bodies of water, such as the Argen in this case, were gladly included to improve the function. A bottleneck in the river near Kleinweilerhofen, not far from the fort and now provided with a rather simple, inconspicuous road bridge, had the same function.

Use of hydropower

Planned reservoir near Isny ​​in 1949
Lower Argen with reservoir near Gottrazhofen

With the change from the Danube to the Rhine drainage in the history of the river , the Untere Argen falls by 360 meters over a length of only 55 km, which gives it a considerable amount of energy. In the past, water power could be used intensively with the tributaries in the sawmill, grinding mill, bone pound, flax pound, oil mill and as a hammer mill for forging iron. Today the energy of the water is converted into electrical energy. In Anton Netzer's hammer forge in Gottrazhofen, too, the turbine drives the generator, whose electricity makes the hammer strike.

Of the former 33 users of hydropower in Argenbühl alone - between the Upper and Lower Argen - 9 power plants still supply electricity today. Thalerschachen on the Lower Argen supplied Wangen with electricity as early as 1893. The cities of Isny and Leutkirch followed after the construction of further power plants. In 1913, the incandescent lamps in Eglofs an der Obere Argen, which received their electricity from Eglofstal, were able to light up.

Probably the most extensive major project in the expansion of hydropower was the reservoir, which was planned in 1949 in the Bodenmösern between Isny ​​and Eisenharz. The water was to be dammed there and the turbines and generators were to be driven via downpipes in Eyb on the Upper Argen . The project failed because the reservoir would have become too shallow with the risk of digester gases and the water supply was too unsafe. At that time, a citizens' initiative strongly opposed the reservoir. Today we know more about the climate-damaging methane (CH 4 ) that can arise in reservoirs.

The other side is that the reservoir near Gottrazhofen (near Christazhofen ) has developed into a bird paradise with 120 different bird species. Greylag geese and mute swans breed here, and the colorful kingfisher is there too. River species such as dipper, brook and mountain wagtail live at the inflow and outflow. There was also a 200 m long fish passage that the brown trout uses to spawn in other water sections.

Since the energy transition, cities and municipalities have been trying to use this renewable energy through hydropower. The city of Wangen is bringing an old, private power plant into municipal ownership, is modernizing the system and would also like to generate electricity via a weir in the city area.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Documentation accompanying the BG Alpenrhein / Bodensee (BW), sub-processing area 10 - Argen (BW) -
  2. ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Rhine Region, Part I 2009 State Institute for Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg, p. 71, accessed on January 22, 2016 (PDF, German, 1.85 MB).
  3. ↑ Geoportal Baden-Württemberg: LUBW service flowing waters - discharge parameters ( memento of the original dated December 28, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www4.lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. As of December 1, 2016
  4. ↑ a b c d Directory of creek and river areas in Bavaria - Upper Rhine river area of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment, as of 2016 (PDF; 470 KB)
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Landesanstalt für Umwelt Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )

literature

  • Hermann Vogelmann: The bad ones. From the sources to the mouth . Eppe, Bergatreute 1988, ISBN 3-89089-009-1 .
  • Norbert Kruse: The Argen and their names . In: In the Oberland . Volume 2, 2002, pp. 55-64 .
  • Wolfram Benz: Insights into the landscape history of the Western Allgäu . Immenstadt 2013, ISBN 978-3-931951-85-6 .

Web links