Val Mingèr
| Val Mingèr protected area | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|||
| Location: | Graubünden , Switzerland | ||
| Next city: | Scuol | ||
| Surface: | 8 km² | ||
| Length: | 4,480 km | ||
| Founding: | 1911 | ||
The Val Mingèr ( ) is a remote valley in the municipality of Scuol in the Lower Engadine . Historically, the valley was important for cattle grazing and mining . Today the valley is known as part of the Swiss National Park and as a hiking area.
Surname
The name of the Val Mingèr (pronunciation ˌvalminˈʥɛːr , literally Mingèr valley ) is derived from the Romansh "minier" (Idiom Vallader , German miners ) and points to the historical importance of the valley in mining. Mingèr also exists as a field name with the same meaning for a slope below Martina GR , and a similar type of naming could also apply to the Val Minor in the Upper Engadin , where silver and lead were mined in the Middle Ages .
location
The Val Mingèr is located approx. 9 km south of the Lower Engadine village of Scuol and is a side valley of the Val S-charl that runs from southwest to northeast . The valley begins at the Sur il Foss pass ( 2317 m above sea level ) and ends at the confluence of the Talbach in the Clemgia at 1670 m above sea level. M. . Without the national park areas of Val Foraz and the left half of the front Val S-charl, the valley has an area of around 8 km², with these areas together an area of 22.65 km².
Joins the Val Mingèr, just before the own mouth, from the south the Val Foraz, one the audience the Swiss National Park completely closed valley whose input the Witch Head , an imposing, tower-like rock structure with caves ( Cuvels since Foraz dt. Foraz- Caves ).
The Val Mingèr is surrounded in a counterclockwise direction by the following peaks of the Sesvenna group : Piz dals Vadès ( 3140 m above sea level ), Piz da la Crappa ( 3122 m above sea level ), Piz Mingèr ( 3114 m above sea level). ), Piz dals Cotschens ( 3058 m above sea level ), Ils Chamins ( 2731 m above sea level ), Piz Foraz ( 3092 m above sea level ) and Mot Foraz ( 2429 m above sea level ).
The valley is divided into the upper part Mingèr Dadaint ( Inner-Mingèr ) and the lower part Mingèr Dadora ( Ausser-Mingèr ).
tourism
The Val Mingèr was already a candidate in 1911 as a future part of the Swiss National Park founded in 1914. Since it was founded, the entire valley and the rest of the park area have been prohibited from walking and snowshoeing .
The valley entrance can be reached from Scuol by post bus in 25 minutes in summer. Apart from the well-developed hiking trail from the Clemgia bridge to Sur il Foss (pass crossing into the Val Plavna at the upper end of the valley) and an official rest area (benches, tables, no service) a few hundred meters above the Alp Mingèr Dadaint national park station, the valley is touristy not developed. There are no food or overnight accommodations in the valley.
flora
The mountains surrounding the valley form the large, mobile cones of rubble that are typical of the main dolomites and which are rather difficult for the plants to colonize. Scots pines are the most suitable trees to occupy this underground, which they succeed in places.
In the area of Alp Mingèr Dadora, mountain pine , spruce and larch shape the appearance. With increasing altitude soft spruce and larch of Arve . In the Swiss stone pine forests, the common pine jay can be observed, which among other things feeds on the nuts of the Swiss stone pine .
The right (southern) side of the valley is steeper and more shady than the left side of the valley and has higher proportions of spruce and stone pines.
In the Val Mingèr Dadaint , grass communities predominate, but with stone pines and mountain pine pioneers in the Krummholz belt up to approx. 2300 m above sea level. M. , almost to the end of the valley at Sur il Foss . This tree line is typical for the Engadine. The upper part of the Val Mingèr Dadaint was largely spared from the massive deforestation at the time of mining (see section "Wood use").
fauna
In Val Mingèr (including Val Foraz) there are around 100 chamois and around 360 red deer permanently . The Val Foraz is an important daily start for the red deer. Its typical rutting area is the slopes of Piz dals Cotschens in the back of the valley, the time is always in the second half of September.
The ibex is not a permanent resident of the valley.
Marmots can be easily observed in the valley, also in the immediate vicinity of the official national park rest area.
The last time a brown bear was shot in Switzerland was in 1904 in the Val da la Chalchera on the southeast flank of the Piz Pisoc , on the immediate border of the Val Mingèr.
Historical use
Alpine farming
The Alp Plavna dadora ( 1715 m above sea level ) was previously leased by Scuol, but was unused and abandoned in 1916, two years after the Swiss National Park was founded. The alp is located on Plan Mingèr , the first clearing on the hiking trail through the valley, viewed from the lower end of the valley.
The Alp Plavna dadaint ( 2160 m above sea level ) was formerly used for the summer of sheep. The alpine hut was a few meters away from today's resting place. This hut also no longer existed in 1916.
Mining
Mining was carried out on Mot Foraz in earlier centuries. Via three tunnel entrances southeast of the Alp Mingèr Dadaint at 2410 m above sea level. M. was won lead gloss. In the 19th century there were still ruins of a mountain hut, remains of the buried tunnels and slag , today these traces are practically lost.
The mining station at Mot Foraz is related to mining at Mot Madlain (literally metal hill ) in neighboring S-charl, which was operated until the 19th century. Ores were also mined further down in the Clemgia Valley, near Sasstaglià .
Use of wood and charcoal burning
As a raw material, wood was not only important for construction and heating, but was always closely related to mining, especially in the Lower Engadine. While some of the forests in the main valley had to be cared for as protective forests , the wood of the uninhabited Val Mingèr, not unlike the nearby Tamangur , was felled without hesitation. In the Val Mingèr, the wood was processed into charcoal , which had various advantages when used in nearby mining: higher temperatures during combustion, prevention of red breakage during iron processing, lower transport weight (approx. A quarter). The charcoal burning can still be proven today on the basis of blackened soil. The lower part of the valley, which is heavily influenced by mountain pine, a pioneer wood , is a consequence of the massive overuse during the heyday of mining.
National park activities
Parking protection
The Swiss National Park has a park ranger's hut on Alp Mingèr Dadaint , about 500 m northeast of the rest area in a forest clearing away from the hiking trail. The hut's energy needs are covered by photovoltaics .
The number of visitors to Val Mingèr is monitored by the Swiss National Park. The number is currently around 8,000 people per summer.
research
Research was and is one of the sub-goals of the Swiss National Park.
Approx. For research purposes, 100 m east of the official rest area, patches of grass are protected from wild feed with fences and compared with unprotected areas so that the influence of wild feed can be determined.
In 2011 a new species of forest ants was discovered in the Val Mingèr . Its preliminary scientific name is Formica helvetica .
history
The French general Claude-Jacques Lecourbe , part of Napoleon's "Army Helvétie" since November 1798 , fought with his troops in the Engadine as part of the First Napoleonic War since spring 1799 and advanced to Martinsbruck . There they should have fought against the Austrians under Laudon and Bellegarde . The Austrians tried to cut off the advancing French troops at Scuol from the Val S-charl. As part of this military action was the transition Sur il Foss (dt. Above the trench ) a long, visible today moat of Austrians and a similar digging of the French at the bottom of the valley.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ According to the Rhaetian name book and personal comm. M. Grünert (August 3, 2012). Another precise variant: ˌvalminˈɟɛːr . Common variant (coined by German speakers): ˌvalminˈʃeːʀ .
- ↑ valminˈdʒeːʀ according to D. Telli, Lia Rumantscha (July 30, 2012)
- ↑ a b c d e Hans Lozza (2011). Val Mingèr. Bear and mining tracks. In: Cratschla 1/2011, Zernez
- ^ Online dictionary ICT-Atelier , accessed on August 6, 2012.
- ↑ a b H. J. Kutzer (1989). The latest findings from research into the “Schmelzra” in S-charl, Lower Engadine. Association of Friends of Mining in Graubünden, Davos.
- ↑ SwissTopo , accessed on December 3, 2012
- ^ Museum Alpin Pontresina , accessed on July 24, 2012
- ↑ a b c swisstopo , accessed on July 23, 2012.
- ↑ GoogleEarth, accessed July 23, 2012.
- ↑ Area according to information from the Swiss National Park ( Memento of the original from July 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed on July 23, 2012. According to negotiations of the Swiss Natural Research Society 1916 , accessed on July 24, 2012, it is 32 km² (quotation from C. Schröter)
- ↑ http://www.seniorweb.ch, accessed on July 23, 2012. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Schlusche & Bertle (2003). Quaternary geology and neotectonics in the Lower Engadine. Alpine Academy, Samedan. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Description of the hike ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed on July 24, 2012
- ↑ Candidacy Swiss National Park ( Memento of the original from July 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed on July 23, 2012.
- ↑ Founding of the Swiss National Park ( Memento of the original from September 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed on July 23, 2012.
- ↑ National Park Regulations (PDF; 10 kB), accessed on July 23, 2012.
- ↑ Information from the Swiss National Park , accessed on July 23, 2012.
- ^ Official SBB timetable , accessed on July 27, 2012
- ↑ Negotiations of the Swiss Natural Research Society 1916 , accessed on July 24, 2012
- ↑ Sent-Online ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.0 MB), accessed July 24, 2012
- ↑ a b c d e Negotiations of the Swiss Natural Research Society 1916 , accessed on July 24, 2012
- ↑ Information National Park , accessed on July 24, 2012
- ↑ Interactive map of the national park , given number: 95
- ↑ Swiss National Park Annual Report 2009, p. 52. Number mentioned: 105
- ↑ Swiss National Park Annual Report 2009, p. 49f. Numbers mentioned: 346 (2008) and 372 (2009)
- ↑ Swiss National Park Annual Report 2009, p. 51.
- ↑ http://www.hikr.org/tour/post52385.html
- ↑ Information from the National Park , accessed on July 24, 2012
- ↑ Information "Drachenloch" , accessed on July 24, 2012
- ^ Siegfried Card
- ↑ K. Schleich (1987). Mining in the S-charltal from the Middle Ages to modern times: Lead and zinc extraction. Association of Friends of Mining in Graubünden, Davos.
- ↑ pers. Come on. Hans Lozza, SNP, August 6, 2012.
- ↑ K. Schleich (1987). Mining in the S-charltal from the Middle Ages to modern times: Lead and zinc extraction. Association of Friends of Mining in Graubünden, Davos. Quote from G. L Theobald on the use of a mine house that was still in use in 1857.
- ^ Sources from the 16th century, quoted by Hans Lozza (2011). Val Mingèr. Bear and mining tracks. In: Cratschla 1/2011, Zernez
- ↑ Google Earth, 46 ° 42'33.57 "N, 10 ° 16'28.11" E
- ↑ Swiss National Park Annual Report 2009, p. 15.
- ↑ Swiss National Park Annual Report 2009. P. 28: approx. 7525 in 2008, 8'579 in 2009.
- ↑ National Park Regulations (PDF; 10 kB), accessed on June 23, 2012.
- ↑ Swiss National Park Annual Report 2009, p. 61.
- ↑ Google Earth 46 ° 42'23.97 "N 10 ° 16'15.95" E, accessed on July 23, 2012.
- ↑ Swiss Radio DRS , July 27, 2011
