Peace of Gulistan

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Boundary drawn by the Treaty of Gulistan. The red line shows the border before the war in 1801 and the black line the new border.
Abbas Mirza

As the Peace of Gulistan or Treaty of Gulistan ( Russian Гюлистанский договор Gjulistanski dogowor ; Persian عهدنامه گلستان Ahedname-ye Golestan ) becomes a between the Russian Empire and Iran on October 12th jul. / October 24,  1813 greg. in the village of Gjulistan inhabited by Armenians ( Armenian Գյուլիստան , Azerbaijani Gülüstan , Persian گلستان Golestān ), the seat of the northernmost of the former five Armenian principalities in Karabakh , signed a peace treaty that ended the Russo-Persian War (1804-1813) . The 11-chapter treaty was drawn up by Sir Gore Ouseley , a British-born diplomat who was respected at the Persian court and who acted as a mediator. The contract was signed by Prince Abbas Mirza for the Iranianside and Lieutenant General Nikolai Fyodorovich Rtishchev for the Russian side.

Content of the contract

  • Iran lost all of its territories north of the Aras River, with the exception of the Yerevan and Nakhichevan Khanates, and recognized Russia's authority in the area. This area included:
  1. all cities and villages of Dagestan
  2. all cities and villages of Georgia , including all cities and villages located on the Black Sea coast , namely in
    1. Mingrelia
    2. Abkhazia
    3. Guria
    4. Imereti
  3. all cities and villages of today's Azerbaijan , including all places on the coast of the Caspian Sea, namely in
    1. Baku Khanate
    2. Quba Khanate
    3. Derbent Khanate
    4. Shirvan Khanate
    5. Karabakh Khanate
    6. Ganja Khanate
    7. Sheki Khanate
    8. Talysh Khanate (most of it) including the Lenkoran fortress
    9. Mugan (about today's Biləsuvar Rayon )
  • Iran lost the right of its warships to sail in the Caspian Sea , and Russia received sole rights to station a military fleet in the Caspian Sea.
  • The two countries signed a free trade agreement through this treaty , which gave the Russians the opportunity to do business anywhere in Iran.
  • In return, Russia promised to support Abbas Mirza as heir to the Persian throne after the death of Fath Ali Shah (which did not happen because Abbas Mirza died earlier).

rating

There are divided views on the evaluation of this peace agreement. Some historians argue that the annexation of the territories of Transcaucasia saved the population from Turkish invasions into Iranian territory and resulted in peace and relative economic stability. Others think that the peoples of Transcaucasia could not exercise their right to self-determination and were forcibly integrated into the Russian Empire. This is especially true of the Shiite Caucasian populations who have strong cultural ties with the Iranians. This is countered by the fact that a right to self-determination was unknown at the time of Napoléon Bonaparte and that it could hardly be transferred to the situation in Asia in the early 19th century.

In 2013, the current state of Iran officially regarded this treaty, as well as the peace of Turkmanchai, as the most humiliating treaties it had ever had to sign.

They are the reason why Fath Ali Shah is seen as the most incompetent ruler in the history of Iran.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Carl Brockelmann : History of the Islamic Peoples and States. R. Oldenbourg, Munich / Berlin 1939, p. 378 f. ("[...] most of Talish in the province of Gilan").
  2. ↑ Iran and the Europeans The Shame of Gulistan NZZ of October 24, 2013