Bierbaum villa

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Postcard from 1916: Central building and left side wing in parkland

The Villa Bierbaum , later Villa Löbbecke -called neo-classical villa in Braunschweig was today in 1805 at the Peter Thor Promenade 16 Inselwall been built. It burned down during the bombing of October 15, 1944 in World War II and was demolished in 1961. Today there is a park with a fountain in its place.

history

City map from 1889: In the center the three-winged Villa Bierbaum or Villa Löbbecke with the associated park on the Petrithor Promenade , today Inselwall . Blue, different oker arms . To the left in front of the Bammelsburger pond is the Villa Löbbecke designed by Constantin Uhde in 1881/82 . On the right the Gaußberg , including the Nickelnkulk and the Wendenstrasse .

Due to the further development of war weapons, especially artillery , the city's fortifications were no longer up to date, and at the same time more living space was needed for the growing population. For this reason, in 1803, according to the plans of the architect Peter Joseph Krahe , the razing of the ramparts began, which in the course of time were then converted into the parks that exist today.

Heinrich Wilhelm Bierbaum, a member of the Bierbaum merchant family, who had lived in Braunschweig for centuries, purchased two pieces of land in the north-western area of ​​the former ramparts for his brother Julius Georg, who was returning from London , on July 14, 1802 , assuring that his brother would use one of them as an ornament I intend to build urban areas in buildings and plantings. ”The sale of the land was also linked to the condition that the former fortress was finally razed.

So the was built from 1805 to plans chamber architect Heinrich Ludwig Rothermundt on the highest point of the former Ludwig bulwark a three-wing, two-storey manor house ( insurance numbers in 2940). Its floor plan was reminiscent of the Baroque era , but the exterior of the building was already designed in the classicism style. It was not directly on the street, but set back from it in a park-like property with two upper-class, representative gate entrances and a driveway. To the northwest, the castle-like ensemble opened up over the park, sloping gently towards the Oker, which continued across the river. This landscape park in the style of early romanticism was initially called Bierbaums Garten , later, after the new owner, Löbbeckes Garten and is now called Inselwallpark . The central building with a viewing rotunda had a hipped roof and the wings had gable roofs . Opposite the Bierbaumschen Villa there was a house from 1712 to 1831 in which, among others, the painter Pascha Johann Friedrich Weitsch lived.

Villa Löbbecke

In the 1860s, the court banker and councilor Otto Löbbecke acquired the property and building from the Bierbaum family and had the ensemble of buildings redesigned and expanded by Constantin Uhde between 1865 and 1872 . The middle building was raised by a mezzanine floor and received a flat roof with cornice and corner acroteries as well as a summer house with a monopitch roof in iron and glass construction, which created a classicist impression that was reminiscent of the buildings of Karl Friedrich Schinkel .

Ricarda Huch's birthplace

Memorial plaque for the house where Ricarda Huch was born in today's Inselwallpark.

The writer Ricarda Huch was born on July 18, 1864 in the Villa Löbbecke. She grew up just a few hundred meters away in the villa of the Huch family, Hohetorpromenade 11 (today Hohetorwall ). Ricarda Huch is now remembered by two memorial plaques at the former location of the Bierbaum villa.

time of the nationalsocialism

From 1932 the villa stood empty for a while, but from 1933 until the end of the war it served as the "Axel-Schaffeld-Haus" (named after Axel Schaffeld ) of SA Standard 92. The building complex was badly damaged in several bombing raids between 1943 and 1945.

post war period

Present: The fountain on the site of the villa that was demolished in 1961.
On the right the two remaining gateways and the fence.

After the end of the war, the building and property became the property of the newly created State of Lower Saxony in 1946 . The partially destroyed and makeshift repaired buildings served as a refugee home . The park overran due to lack of maintenance. In 1958, the state of Lower Saxony handed over the building and property to the city of Braunschweig, which then had parts of it redesigned and rubble removed. In 1960 the demolition work finally began.

Today only a large fountain can be seen at the location of the villa . The original landscape garden, partially planted with exotic plants, is no longer available or recognizable as such due to lack of care. The few statues set up in the park - now called Inselwallpark - do not come from the Bierbaum / Löbbecke villa, but from the Salzdahlum Palace , which was demolished at the beginning of the 19th century , 10 km southeast of Braunschweig. The only original parts left on site are the two large gate passages and the wrought iron fence. The park has remained unchanged in shape since 1963.

See also

  • Bierbaumsches Haus , another house of the Bierbaum family in Braunschweig. It was built in 1523, also damaged in World War II and later demolished.
  • Villa Löbbecke on Löbbecke's island , built by Constantin Uhde in 1881/82 not far from Villa Bierbaum, which was also badly damaged in the Second World War, but is still there today after restoration.

literature

  • Christina Krafczyk : Constantin Uhde. Building in Braunschweig. (= Sources and research on Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. Volume 50.) Braunschweigischer Geschichtsverein (Ed.), Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2016, ISBN 978-3-944939-20-9 , pp. 267-269.
  • Simon Paulus, Ulrich Knufinke: The Braunschweiger Wallring. Guide to the history and architecture of a cultural and historical monument. Appelhans, Braunschweig 2011, ISBN 978-3-941737-59-4 .
  • Heinz-Joachim Tute, Marcus Köhler: Garden art in Braunschweig. From the princely gardens of the Baroque to the public park of the Wilhelminian era. (= Braunschweiger Werkstücke , Series A, Volume 28 / the whole series, Volume 76), Waisenhaus-Druckerei, Braunschweig 1989, ISBN 3-87884-037-3 , pp. 163–169, 265–266.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hartwig Beseler , Niels Gutschow: Kriegsschicksale Deutscher Architektur. Loss, damage, rebuilding. Volume I: North. Karl Wachholtz, Neumünster 1988, ISBN 3-926642-22-X , p. 223.
  2. ↑ Christina Krafczyk: Constantin Uhde. Building in Braunschweig. P. 267.
  3. ↑ Heinz-Joachim Tute, Marcus Köhler: Garden art in Braunschweig. From the princely gardens of the Baroque to the public park of the Wilhelminian era. P. 163.
  4. ^ A b Heinz-Joachim Tute, Marcus Köhler: Garden art in Braunschweig. From the princely gardens of the Baroque to the public park of the Wilhelminian era. P. 164.
  5. ↑ Simon Paulus, Ulrich Knufinke: The Braunschweiger Wallring. Guide to the history and architecture of a cultural and historical monument. P. 90.
  6. ↑ a b Tute, Köhler: Garden art in Braunschweig. P. 265.
  7. ↑ a b c Christina Krafczyk: Constantin Uhde. Building in Braunschweig. P. 239.
  8. ↑ Jürgen Hodemacher : Braunschweigs streets - their names and their stories. Volume 1: Inner City. Elm-Verlag, Cremlingen 1995, ISBN 3-927060-11-9 , p. 162.
  9. ↑ Silke Köstler-Holste: Ricarda Huch (1864-1947). Introduction to their life and work. Anniversary ribbon for the 50th anniversary of her death on the occasion of the international Ricarda Huch research symposium from 15. – 17. November 1997 in Braunschweig. Volume 2, p. VI.
  10. ^ Braunschweig address book for 1940. Joh. Heinr. Meyer, Braunschweig 1940, p. 167.
  11. ↑ Simon Paulus, Ulrich Knufinke: The Braunschweiger Wallring. Guide to the history and architecture of a cultural and historical monument. P. 91.
  12. ↑ Wolfgang Kimpflinger (edit.): City of Braunschweig, part 2. (= monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany , architectural monuments in Lower Saxony , volume 1.2.) Hameln 1996, ISBN 3-8271-8256-5 , p. 245.

Coordinates: 52 ° 16 ′ 17.9 ″  N , 10 ° 31 ′ 8.9 ″  E