Ropp
Ropp or von der Ropp is the name of a noble, Lower Saxon-Baltic noble family that goes back to the western crusade movement into today's Baltic states , recognized by the papal in 1199 . Originally it is a very old imperial knighthood eligible for donation, often sworn up as a baron in the order of the German and Johanniter, and recognized in this capacity in Prussia in 1786.
The family is of the same tribe and coat of arms as that of Buxhoeveden and, like them, is one of the few crusader families still alive today .
history
The progenitor of the family members still living today is, originally from Lower Saxony nobility , Theodoricus de Raupena (de Ropa). The name von der Ropp (also Raupena , Roop , Rope ) comes from his first fiefdom in Livonia , located on the Roop (Latvian Straupe ) river . Later goods from members of the family can be found mainly in Courland and, a rarity among the Baltic Germans , in the area of today's Republic of Lithuania . First mentioned in 1203, Theodoricus de Raupena appeared under this name in Riga in 1221 . He was the eldest brother of Bishop Albert (de Beckeshovede, von Buxhoeveden) , founder of the city of Riga (1201) and builder of the Riga Cathedral (1211). His cousin Johannes is the progenitor of the Barons von Buxhoeveden who are living today .
The gender of the von der Ropp counts - the same as the gender of the Fircks , Koskull and others. a. m. - to those who had their origins in Germany without being able to be followed up there. This is due to the early immigration of the first of the clan, which, as shown below, took place at the beginning of the 13th century, i.e. at a time when fixed gender names were only beginning to be formed. For example, the former eastern driver who gave his clan the permanent name did not bring it back from his original home, but borrowed it from his newly acquired Baltic property. The circumstances outlined below from which this can be inferred - they are also particularly noteworthy in general history - provide fully valid evidence of this.
Albert von Buxthoeven
Albert von Buxthoeven was canon and head of the cathedral school in Bremen until he was ordained Bishop of Livonia in 1199 by his uncle Hartwig II , Archbishop of Bremen .
In April 1200 he entered, accompanied by an impressive army of crusaders and supported by one of Pope Innocent III. issued Crusade boy , at the Düna Livonia ground. Twenty kilometers away from this he founded Riga in 1201 and moved the bishopric from Uexküll there. From that point on he held the title of Bishop of Riga.
He is considered to be the savior of the young German colony on the edge of the Baltic Sea, which was then seriously endangered, and the founder of the Livonian state.
Albert's origin
Albert comes from a Bremen ministerial family . It has also been proven that his mother Aleidis came from the respected family of the Utlede, who sat in Bremen, and was married twice, namely to one from Bekeshovede and one from Appeldern. The order of the marriages and from which of the two marriages Bishop Albert emerged has not yet been fully clarified. It is also considered possible, albeit less likely, that the Bekeshovede and Appeldern are of the same tribe. These are the names of two villages that are close to each other about 50 km north of Bremen. At the time when family names were only beginning to be consolidated, the rungs of the same tribe, including brothers, often named each other differently according to their tribal homeland.
Albert's brothers
Albert had a number of brothers who followed him to Livonia: Hermann, later Bishop of Dorpat , Rotmar, provost in Dorpat - these, along with Albert, are often attributed to the first marriage. Then Engelbert, provost of Riga , and finally the laymen Johannes and Theodoricus , who (Theodoricus 1203) followed their brother to Livonia; these three are considered to have resulted from the second marriage. Of the Albert brothers mentioned, only one is referred to by his nickname, namely Johannes as "de Bikkeshovede". These two have been equated with each other several times and at the time when family names were just beginning to be consolidated, changing names were also often undertaken. Astaf von Transehe-Roseneck has proven the two not to be identical.
Connection between Albert and von der Ropp
The connection between the tribe of Bishop Alberts and the family of the later von der Ropp can be found in a number of documents that have been preserved, the connection between which can be deduced with certainty.
In 1211, Bishop Albert and the Order of the Brothers of the Sword sign a partition treaty over the areas conquered in the Baltic countries so far. Among the witnesses are listed: "... Rotmarus frater episcopi ... Gerlagus de Dolen, Tydricus frater Alberti episcopi ..."
In 1213 u. a. Witnesses of a document from Bishop Albert about an exchange of land with the order: laici Daniel, Gherlagus, Conradus, Thidericus.
In 1221, on July 30th, Bishop Albert documented the construction of a bridge over Lake Rodenpois and, in addition to Bolquin, masters of the Brothers of the Sword, Daniel de Lennawart, Conradus de Ikeskola, Theodoricus de Raupena, Johannes de Dolen were named as witnesses.
In July 1259 in Thoreida (Treiden) Bishop Heinrich von Kurland is the arbiter in a dispute between the Order and the Archbishop over the borders of the Tolowa region. He asked the "dominus Hinricus plebanus de Papendorpe" (in this the chronicler Heinrich von Latvia is assumed), who testified under oath that when the border was established (1213 or 1224) the ruler of Wenden Rudolph von Nu had him, Heinrich, and the "Dominus Theodoricus de Ropa" assigned certain goods and villages. When describing the border crossing at that time, he says that Theodoricus was given the use of half of the Burtneeksee, plus the adjacent area between the Liddez and Salis rivers, as he used to do. This area (it borders on the area to the north that was then called Roop) was later taken from him, Theodoricus, by the order, but was finally given back again.
The cited documents prove that Theodorich, Brother Alberts, Theodoricus de Raupena and Theodroicus de Ropa are one and the same person. The conclusion is obvious, especially for the identity of the latter two. They always document in community with the same people, whereby it is remarkable that - in accordance with the use of family names that began at that time - all documents appear in 1213 only with their first names, in 1221 with the surnames taken from the young fiefdom.
But the assumption that Albert's brother Theodorich is to be equated with the other two of this name is also justified. The already mentioned chronicler Heinrich von Livland, according to the document of 1259 a neighbor and probably a good friend of the brother Bishop Albert, describes in his chronicle the further work of this Theodoric several times. He reports that Albert's brother took a daughter of the Prince-Prince of Pleskau, Woldemar (Vladimir von Pleskau), as his wife, whereupon his subjects chased him away. Woldemar fled to Riga and became Vogt of Idumea in 1213, as his son-in-law Theodorich, the previous Vogt, traveled to Germany, from where he returned in 1215. This landscape is, however, the area that also bears the name Roop and this name has - so is assumed - Theodorich, the brother of Bishop Albert, as an epithet, which then became the surname. The name of the area Roop is derived from the river Raupe, Rope (Lat. Brasle), which flows through it. The Latvian name for the castles Groß - und Klein-Roop , derived from Raupa, is Straupe.
Theodorich, Bishop Albert's brother, then moved to Odempä in the Dorpat Abbey in 1224 and from there managed the large property that had been given to him and his brother Hermann. He probably gave up Roop back then, which then came into the possession of the Rosen family . The circumstances and reasons for the early abandonment of the first large fiefdom have not been handed down, and the sources report nothing about the immediate descendants of Theodoric and his brother Johannes. What is certain, however, is that all of the Ropp who later emerged in a document and the tribes of the family of Theodorich and Johannes, the brothers of Bishop Albert, who are still in bloom today, come from the family mentioned in Bremen.
Community of coats of arms with the Buxhoevedes
Coat of arms of those of Buxhoeveden
Coat of arms of those of the Ropp
In addition to all the reasons already mentioned, the community of coats of arms with the Buxhoevedes , who - as shown - grew out of the same tribe in Bremen, testifies to this . After all, both sexes have the same rafter in silver, only the Buxhoevedas in red instead of black and as a crest instead of the peacock bump, the repeated rafter on which two silver foxes run up against each other. Even if tribal equality cannot be inferred solely from equality of coats of arms, then in combination with the other strong reasons presented, it results in a fully valid proof of the described descent of von der Ropp.
Early documentary mention
The next officially attested bearer of the name after Theodoricus did not appear until 1291, "Dominus Johannes der Ropa". It is in the Archbishopric of Riga, but probably had fiefdom in the Dorpat Abbey, to which Theodoricus had already turned (see above) and which has since been the seat of almost all Ropp who later decayed in Livonia, even if the sources say little about their property . From now on, as a natural consequence of the growing number of documents and their preservation, the number of known bearers of the gender name increases.
In September 1329 the knight Nicholas the Ropa was slain by the Lithuanians on their invasion of Livonia near Tarwast . He was evidently Dörptscher Basall. On January 6, 1366, Mr Wrederic van der Rope witnessed the sale of Kuikatz in the Dorpat monastery. The same appears on June 30, 1374 in Dorpat. On August 10, 1388 at Wenden , Hermann Arkule pledged his castle of the same name to the Teutonic Order ; appear among the witnesses: "Frederik van der Rope, knight, and Diderick van der Rope, squire". Knight Frederik was certainly Dörptscher Basall. Both documents also dated February 19, 1392. Also mentioned on February 14, 1419 in Dörptschen Frederik, "provest (de Rope)", who can be verified as provost of Dorpat from 1391 to 1419, and Messrs. Diderick and Nikolaus de Ropa, Basal. On June 25, 1442, Emperor Friedrich confirmed to Frederik de Rope, son of Niklas, the right to bequeath his present and future goods and to only serve the bishop if the war was started with his advice and will. Frederik was then in open rebellion against his liege lord, the Bishop of Dorpat. Certainly the aforementioned Diderick and Nikolaus von der Rope, presumed to be brothers, have already been assigned to the Dörptschen fief in 1419, and fiefdom is expressly documented for Friedrich from 1422. However, there is no information about the names of these feudal estates and later property is rarely listed by name. For example in 1483, when the villages of Grote Anckar and Kleine Anckar (later Anackar) reverted to the Bishop of Dorpat because of the death of Hans von de Rope; 1507, when Diderick von der Rope, Clawe's son, leaves his share of his father's court at Woidema to Johann von Werne; 1508, where Diderick von der Rope, Nikolaus' son, appears in a document as sitting on Munnenberg (now Kniepelshof).
Livonia
It is not possible to determine how large the family's feudal holdings were in Dörptschen. Astaf von Transehe-Roseneck assumes that he must have been important at times. In the 16th century it sank rapidly, apparently not increasing even with Johannes de Ropa, bishop of Dorpat from 1499 to 1505, although mostly feudal lords used to give their fellows a generous loan. The lack of this funding may have something to do with the heavy Russian invasion of 1501, and the hopes of von der Ropp, who turned from the archbishopric to Dörptsche, to get larger fiefs there, first through the swelling Russian onslaught, and then through the shortness of the reign of her sex comrade had been shattered.
Soon afterwards, however, a visible decline of the sex sets in. We only read once more about the acquisition of a property, when in 1547 the Vogt von Wesenberg testified that Wolmar von Wessel had sold the Rachel farm in Wierland to Reinhold von der Rope. Otherwise only sales, pledges. Around 1507 Woidema passed from the property of the family, in 1533 Konell in Wierland, around 1540 Munnenberg (now Kniepelshof) and with the pledge of Moisoma in the Lais area of the Dorpat Abbey by Othmar von der Rope in 1557, the loss of land in old Livonia was complete. The general economic situation in the country, which was then booming as a result of the long period of peace that had preceded, cannot have been to blame. Perhaps the lack of male offspring, which can be ascertained in some cases, played a part; perhaps the inner strengths of the representatives of the gender at the time were not sufficient to find their way through the growing political turmoil of the time - the arrival of the Reformation , coadjutor feuds, increasing disunity in the country . All this remains in the dark due to a lack of sources.
Whereabouts of the Livonian tribe
The number of male members of the sex known in old Livonia between 1203 and the middle of the 15th century is around 30 to 40. Further research may have increased this number a little. A continuous line of stems cannot be formed from this group. Only in a moderate number of cases can two generation sequences (father and son) be determined with certainty, in some cases three can be assumed as probable. This is the case with the aforementioned Othmar von der Ropp, who had to let Moisema out of the hands of the family in 1557, whose father was probably Heinrich, Johannes' son on Ledia (also called Ropenhof) in the Dorpat Abbey, which, along with Moisema, probably belonged to them for a long time from which Ropp was. With the apparently last landowner in old Livonia, Othmar von der Ropp, the family also died out there in a highly tragic manner, which shows the terrible rule of the fortunes of that time in the most glaring light. Othmar, not only having become landless, but also leaderless in the midst of the many lords and powers who fought over the crumbling Livonia, joined the so-called “courtiers” who, like him, had lost their homes, former basalls, which - certainly under influx some adventurous journeymen - gathered to form a combat band under the leadership of Caspar von Altenbockum. Their goals and allies remain unknown. The group had probably never formed any big, ultimate goals; he also changed the party he fought for from time to time. It is believed that the land conquered by the ancestors and held for centuries should be reclaimed.
On such a campaign in autumn 1565 against Reval , which had become Swedish , six courtiers died in their camp in an attack by the Swedes. The prisoners, "noble and ignoble", were brought to Reval and those of them who had previously vowed not to fight the King of Sweden were executed. Othmar's head also fell under the sword. If the capital of the history of the family in Livonia closed in such a shocking way, a new capital had already been raised 50 years earlier, now in Courland .
Courland
In May 1516, the DM Wolter von Plettenberg enfeoffed the Wessel von der Ropp "with the land and hope of the Memel". As always, the boundary description in the document does not allow an exact determination of the lent area, despite its detail. Names of places and names have changed too often over the centuries. In any case, a sizable area can be assumed. Crossing westwards over the Memel into Lithuanian, eastwards the Memel the goods Memelhof, which soon developed with today's names, and - named after the rivers of the same name - Sussen and Salwen (later divided into Groß- and Klein-Sussen or Groß- and Klein-Salwen ) full.
The von der Ropp had certain connections to this area before. Johann von Werne and his wife von der Ropp cede a piece of land on the Memel with fields and meadows to Johann Stichhorst "on the other Sunday after fasting" in 1513 free of charge. This is probably Johann von Werne, who (see above) acquires Woidema from Diderick von der Rope, Clawe's son (see above) in 1507, whose share in his father's court; as his wife Gertrud von der Rope is determined († after 1540) who inherits from the husband Woidema. It can be assumed that Wessel was closely related to Gertrud Werne and her brother and father, but the research results so far do not go beyond a presumption.
Wessel's large fiefdom is then transferred in full to his son Christoph, but his sons then share it. Memelhof, Sussen, Salwen become goods of different lines. In these the property has been held for several centuries, but not permanently. Big-Sussen seems to have come from the family as the first good. Christoph, great-grandson of Wessel, still owns it, his son of the same name († i. 1702 and 1705) only owns Klein-Sussen besides Klein-Salwen. His son Ottomar Wilhelm then sold both goods to Ernst Johann Count von Biron, later Duke of Courland, in 1735. Groß-Salwen had already abandoned those von der Ropp earlier. Probably after the death of Christoph († before 1670, see Stammf. II, IV.), Who still owned it; on September 15, 1697 it is owned by the von Puttkammer .
Memelhof stayed in the family the longest, but on March 13, 1760, Ferdinand Alexander von der Ropp (see Stammf. III, VII. 3.) sold it to Otto Johann von Bistram , which meant that the von der Ropp in Kurland owned it for the time being The End.
Lithuania
However, they did not remain without land ownership, they only moved to Lithuania. They had already started to buy goods there at the beginning of the 18th century, even when they were still in Courland. Now they expanded their Lithuanian possessions with multiple changes of goods until it reached a high point towards the end of the 18th century, at the time of Theodor von der Ropp (see Stammf. VI, V. 3.). But it was precisely this that gave the sex a place in Courland again. He bought Autzenbach, Planen, Sernaten and Birten in addition to his Lithuanian estates in Courland. Neu-Autz, Pormsahten, Paplacken and Fischröden were added later, so that at the time of the Baltic putsch on April 16, 1919, the family in Courland had a firm footing again, even though property in Lithuania continued to predominate. Despite its temporary distance from Courland, the sex has not been alienated either from the country or from its Germanness. The bond of belonging to the Courland nobility proved to be strong enough not to allow people to forget their belonging to the country. The Ropps in Lithuania preserved their Germanness through their marriages (with the exception of some who had emigrated to Russia); she got her wives almost without exception from the numerous families of the German Kurland aristocracy, who at that time owned and ruled land all around Lithuania. On such a large scale that a broad strip of northern Lithuania at times almost bore a German face in terms of property ownership.
The long and extensive residency in Lithuania caused the von der Ropp to be rarely represented in the Courland service. Only two district marshals, a director of the Courland Credit Association and a secretary of the Courland Knighthood provided the sex.
Uninterrupted trunk row
The uninterrupted line of the Ropp family begins with Friedrich, colonel of the village aristocratic flag; he lived in 1445 and was born with Maya von Plettenberg married; whose son Hans on Ayakar had Else geb. from Loë to wife; his son Wessel von der Ropp was married to Fraulein von der Borch ; his son Christopher had Gertrud, daughter of the knight Heinrich von Hochberg, as his wife. From this marriage arose Wessel vdR, who was enfeoffed with Salwen, Sussey and Memmelhoff in 1506 and was married to Clara von Blomberg adH Seeksahten and Puhnen. The offspring of this marriage: Christopher was married I) to Elisabeth, daughter of Johann von Foelkersahm, heir to Kalkuhnen and Margaretha geb. von Blome adH Smilten in Livonia, and II) with Sophia, geb. from the wenge called Lambsdorff. He divided his possessions in 1599. His eldest son Christopher received the Salwen and Sussey estates and the second son Ottomar the Memelhoff.
I. line to Zeydickau
Christopher continued the tribe with Agnesa, daughter of Georg von Hahn, heir to Memelhoff and Anna Sophia geb. von Grotthuss , as below. His son Johann, heir to Eckhoff, was born with Dorothea Elisabeth. von Hohenastberg married and had two sons: Wilhelm and Christoph Friedrich. The former was born with Katharina Agathe. von Weiss married, but his descent died out with his great-grandson at the end of the 18th century. The other: Christoph Friedrich, colonel from Electoral Saxony, heir to Kombol and Antonosz in Samogitia (which properties he sold to Gotthard Plater and his wife Hedwig Elisabeth née von Tiesenhausen in 1675 ), and to Klein-Salwen and Klein-Sussey in Kurland, was married I) with Katharina born von der Brüggen adH Stenden, and II) with Ursula, daughter of Christopher von Rappe , heir to Satticken. With his great-grandchildren, the sons of Christopher Adams, Starosten zu Zeydikau (born 1718 † 1787): Johann Friedrich Adam (born 1777), Starosten auf Zeydikau, heir to Berghof and Appussen in Courland (1806-1819), Paplacken, Weiss- and Gernauert-Pomusz, Lukiany, Schwittenhof, Pomowzow and Szwokotau in Samogitia and Diedrich Wilhelm, Herr auf Bixten, Feldhof, Antzenbach, Grenzhof, Planen, Dsirren and Seraten in Kurland and Borklony, Pokroy, Poniewusz and Szadow in Samogitia, shared the line to Zeydikau in the older and younger branches, both of which are still blooming in numerous members.
II. Line to Grünwald
The founder was the aforementioned Ottomar, Christoph's brother, married to Catharina von Gahlen, née. Halswig. His son: Christopher (uxor: Elisabeth Freiin von Hahn) left two sons, of whom Christopher, 1670 at Salwen, Gahlenhof and Serpany, the founder of Roth-Pomusz in Samogitia and also with Lawennenhof, Kimehnen, Bassen and Friedrichshof is a wealthy flowering branch, while Ottomar (born 1630 † 1691) founded the branch based on Jodoliszek, Grünwald, Smolwen, Kyrup, Warkau, Opekiszek, Federuszek. Both branches were also very numerous in family members and some of them lived in the interior of Russia.
Nobility uprisings
The authorization to use the title of baron was due to enrollment in the Courland Knighthood according to the Knight's Banks adopted on October 17, 1620, in the person of Mr. Christopher Roep sub class I No. 36. Prussian recognition followed in 1786. After the Imperial Russian award by Senatsukase on September 21 In 1853 and April 3, 1862 (for the entire family), the family was authorized to use the title of baron .
Denomination
The family is partly Protestant, partly Catholic and partly, in its Russian line, Orthodox.
20th century
Emigration during the founding years , flight due to the revolution (1905/06 and 1917) and resettlement in 1939/40 led the family to leave the Baltic States . Today she lives mostly in Germany, otherwise scattered all over the world. Family members who have emigrated to the USA sometimes bear the French name de Ropp .
organization
The members of the family are in the family association of the Barons and Freiherren von der Ropp e. Founded in 1887 under a slightly different name for the first time and re-established in 1953. V. organized. It currently has around 100 members, ds name bearers and cousins who have married out. They all meet every two years at Schloss Höhnscheid , which has served as the central conference venue for the three Baltic knights for over 30 years.
coat of arms
Blazon
A black rafter on a silver background, five times tinned, forms the shield on which a bucket helmet with black and silver covers rests. It is studded with a natural peacock pile of five feathers; alias (after a pedigree) an open silver-black flight.
A coat of arms from 1834 (see below) shows a golden shield with a lowered red rafter with a bush of five blue ostrich feathers at the top. On it a crowned helmet with three blue ostrich feathers and blue and gold covers. Since the seals of 1533 and 1542 (see below) do not show any ostrich feathers on the rafter, it is assumed that these probably came from a badly engraved seal that was converted into five ostrich feathers.
The coat of arms and helmet dress has changed a lot over the centuries, as the pictures show.
Coat of arms approx. 13-14 century
Coat of arms undated
Coat of arms undated
Seal of Johann van der Roepp 1533
Seal of Hinrik van der Rop, zu Ledes, son of Johann 1542
Coat of arms from 1834
20th century coat of arms
Trivia
The coat of arms is in the form of a stone relief on the eastern side wall of the north portal, the historic entrance to the Riga Cathedral . On the occasion of Riga's 800th anniversary , it was funded in 2001 with funds from the Family Association of Barons and Barons von der Ropp e. V. restored. The family coat of arms can also be found in the Cathedral of St. Joseph in Libau (Latvia) .
Possessions
Until the 20th century, the von der Ropp owned in Courland:
- Meihof
- Bixten
- Dehsseln
- Backhussen
- New Autz
Significant namesake
Notable personalities outside the country are Goswin Baron von der Ropp , professor of history in Giessen, then in Marburg, † 1919 (see line of succession F. VII. 5.), and Eduard Baron von der Ropp , Roman Catholic. Archbishop of Mohilew, † 1939 (see lineage E. VI. 3.). In the art field, the Ropp painting collection in Schadow made a name for itself, in which a considerable number of paintings from German, Flemish, Dutch and Italian schools of the 15th to 18th centuries were brought together. Some of the collection was sold by auction in Cologne in 1890 from the property of the family. The sex has devoted itself to some extent to higher military service. In earlier times, following more frequent practice at the time, several ropps were temporary officers in various foreign armies, later a number of the Russian flags did military service, three gained the rank of Russian major general, one lieutenant general, one cavalry general.
- Nikolaus (Nikolai Wassiljewitsch) Baron von der Ropp (1848–1916), Imperial Russian General of the Cavalry, Aristocratic Governorate of Voronezh
- Goswin Baron von der Ropp (1850–1919), German historian
- Max Baron von der Ropp (1850-1919), German-Baltic state politician in Courland and Russian State Councilor
- Eduard Baron von der Ropp (1851–1939), Comes Romanus, Archbishop of Mogiljow , Metropolitan of Russia
- Robert Sylvester de Ropp (1913–1987), biochemist, writer
- Götz-Friedrich Baron von der Ropp (* 1944), former president D. the Defense Area Administration South
literature
- Genealogical Handbook of the Courland Knighthood , Part 3, 2: Courland , Lfg. 9-12, Volume II. Oskar Stavenhagen , Görlitz 1937, pp. 907-950 ( digitized version)
- Genealogical manual of the nobility . Baronial houses . Volume XVII, Volume 107 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1994, ISSN 0435-2408 , ISBN 3-7980-0807-8 , p. 342
- Gothaisches Genealogisches Handbuch . Baronial houses . Volume I, Volume 5 of the complete series, Verlag des Deutschen Adelsarchivs, Marburg 2017, ISBN 978-3-9817243-4-9 , pp. 402–441.
- J. Siebmacher's large book of arms , Volume 25: The nobility of the Russian Baltic provinces (Estonia, Courland, Livonia, Oesel) . Bauer & Raspe, Neustadt an der Aisch 1980, ISBN 3-87947-025-1 , pp. 183-185 and plate 50 (coat of arms).
- Max von Spießen : Book of arms of the Westphalian nobility . Görlitz 1901–1903, Volume 2 / Plate 25 (coat of arms).
- Carl Arvid von Klingspor : Baltic heraldic book. Coats of arms of all noble families belonging to the knights of Livonia, Estonia, Courland and Oesel. Stockholm 1882 (digitized: text coat of arms )
- Bernd Baron von der Ropp: Ropp, Barone or Freiherren von der. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , pp. 33-35 ( digitized version ).
- Peter Wörster: Roses, from. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 49 f. ( Digitized version ).