Grotthuss (noble family)
Grotthufi , historically also Groithus , Grotthus , Grotthuss , Grothaus , Grothus or Grothusen is the name of an old Westphalian noble family , which is still in the late Middle Ages to the Baltic States , and later to Hannover and Prussia spread and multiply ennoblement in the baron has learned. Branches of the family currently persist.
history
The Grotthuss ( Grothaus ; in the Middle Ages Latin de magna domo ), like those of Morrien, come from the von Senden family, which was documented as early as 1174/1185, and thus from the Westphalian nobility. They borrow their name from the parent company of the same name, Grotenhus near Nordkirchen , which was formerly a fiefdom of the Prince-Bishops of Münster . With Theodoricus de magna domo in 1269 or his brother or son, the knight Conradus de Magna domo in 1277, the family was first named after this ancestral seat. In 1370 and 1378 the descendant Stephanus was enfeoffed with Grotenhaus by the Prince-Bishop of Münster. The parent company remained in family ownership until 1403.
With the Teutonic Order , relatives came to the Baltic States , where the family with Otto Groithueß , vassal of the order, first appeared in Wierland on September 13, 1492 .
On October 17, 1620 the Grotthuss were enrolled in the 1st class of the Courland knighthood . The matriculation with the Livonian knighthood took place in 1747 for the Meselau family . On April 3, 1862, the entire Baltic family was granted the right to use the baron title by Senatsukas (No. 2823) in the Russian Empire .
In 1642 the Finnish line, with the royal Swedish major and subordinate master of Finland, as well as the heir to Kjällfjärd Otto Johan von Grothusen from the Meselau house († around 1650), received the indigenous division in Sweden and was renamed the Swedish knighthood under the name Grothusen (No. 276) introduced. The line must have expired in the 4th generation, the aforementioned great-grandson Magnus Reinhold von Grothusen was last named in 1727 as an ensign in the infantry.
The Prussian approval to use the baron title with the highest cabinet order was issued in Berlin on March 16, 1844 for the later royal Prussian major Ludwig Freiherrn von Grotthuss, the approval to use the baron title for his son, the later royal Prussian captain Victor von Grotthuss, was also issued by the very highest cabinet order in Berlin on November 14, 1867.
The royal Swedish lieutenant general and governor of Wismar , Otto Johan von Grothusen , was promoted to the status of Swedish baron on December 24, 1687 and in 1689 was introduced to the baron class of the Swedish knighthood (No. 80). The Grothusenkoog is named after him. His lineage already died out with his children. His youngest son, the royal Swedish major general in the cavalry, Christian Albrekt von Grothusen , died on November 16, 1715 from the wounds received in the battle of Stresow without having previously entered into a marriage or leaving heirs.
Property ownership
Prussia
- Westphalia
Bomhof, Bullermühle (1599–1634; 1659–1690), Clevehus, Davensberg , Ellerbrock, Grone, Grotenhus (1269–1403), Haringhof (1323–1353), (Lüdinghausen), Mesenburg, Spyck , Stick and the Grothaus'sche Hof in Quakenbrück
Scharfenberg (1562-1616)
Albrechtau, Brunau, Cremitten (1776–1820), Podollen (1729–1820), Ober Rehhof (1820), Rosenau , Saltnicken (1677), Schievenau , Tauerlaucken (1647–1677)
Ländchen Bärwalde (1760–1780)
- Hanover
Arenshorst (1550), Bramsche (before 1463), Kritenstein (1605–1780), Kronenburg (1562–1780), Ledenburg (1622–1780), Vehr (1612–1650), Wimmer (1650) and Wittlage (1610–1718)
Baltic states
- Livonia
Absenau (1783–1816), Altenwoga (1730–1788), Grothus (1582), Grotenhusenhof, Kegeln, Korküll (1745), Kunal (1600), Lubbert-Renzen, Meselau (1550–1724 with interruptions), Paltemal, Rammenhof ( 1828–1840) and Zehrten
- Courland
Abaushof (1705), Groß und Klein Abgulden (1820–1848), Arishof (1755–1769), Alt Autz (1765), Berghoff and Appussen (1820–1827), Groß Bercken (since 1714), Berken (1825), Bersteln , Birshoff (1628), Brunowischek, Buckschenhöfchen (until 1681), Dannenthal, Diensdorf, Doben (1819–1831), Durben (1789–1808), Eckengrafen (1590–1640), Grenzhof, Hasenpoth , Kapsehden (1618), Krothen, Krottusch (1505), Customers (until 1690), Langenfeldt (1765), Lambertshof (1859), Leegen (1887–1920), Leparnhof (1723), Lepen (1736), Libbingen (1605–1700), Nabben (1712–1774 ), Neuhof (until 1822), Pusseneeken (1854–1938), Ruhental (1505–1681), Schnepeln, Schwitten (1505–1788 with interruption), Schlockenbeck (1727–1818), Sattiken, Schwirkaln (1576), Seemuppen (1760 ), Seppen, Sessau (1760), Spahren, Spirgen (1799), Sturhof (1765), Wainoden (1801–1920), Suschenhof, Wilkajen (1765), Zeemalden (1576) and Zerrauxt (1734)
White Plonian (1663–1791)
- Finland
Kjällfjärd
- Sweden
Foundations
The abbess Maria von Grothaus (* 1588; † 1659) and her parents, Ewert von Grothaus, Herr auf Grone, Rentmeister zu Lingen 1565-94, and Anna von Cloester zu Havirhorst, donated the high altar retable on the east side in the church interior of the Gravenhorst monastery . This is indicated by the two coats of arms of Grothaus and of Cloester. Heinrich Meiering from Rheine made this masterful work in the late Renaissance style in 1641 from Baumberger sandstone .
The chalice and paten of the Holy Communion utensils in Holter Church were donated by Johann Jobst Heinrich von Grothaus in 1695. The hall church itself was built in 1770 by General Ernst Philipp Ferdinand von Grothaus (* 1703; † 1776). With him the Ledenburg line became extinct in the male line, whereupon the descent of his daughter Eleonore, the hereditary land marshals and counts of Münster-Ledenburg, barons of Grothaus , took over the Holter patronage.
coat of arms
The family coat of arms shows a black diagonal right bar (bridge), tinned four times below, in silver . On the helmet with black and silver covers an open silver flight with the sloping beam descending.
The coat of arms of the Baltic Grotthuss shows on the helmet with black and silver covers an open black and silver flight, depending on the color mixed up with the sloping beam.
The baron's coat of arms (1687) is square and covered with a heart shield, inside a four times tinned silver oblique right bar, 1 in blue a golden griffin holding four arrows in its paws, 2 in gold an armored arm holding a crown , 3 in gold (2 , 1) burning grenades, 4 in blue a silver fortress floor plan. Two helmets with blue-silver-red-gold covers, on the right an open black flight, each covered with a silver slanting bar, three times tinned below, on the left four blue flags.
Historical coats of arms
Relatives
- Arnoldus Grothusen († after 1594), Hofmeister to Sigismund III. Wasa in his prince's time
- Otto Johann von Grothusen (* 1627; † 1697), Swedish lieutenant general and commandant of Altona
- Christian Albrecht von Grothusen (* 1680; † 1715), Swedish major general of the cavalry and commander of Usedom
- Ernst Philipp von Grothaus (* 1703; † 1776), Brunswick cavalry general, royal British lieutenant general. Last agnatic cave house at Ledenburg Castle . Through his daughter Eleonore it came into the possession of her son, Count Ernst Friedrich Herbert zu Münster -Ledenburg, Freiherr von Grothaus.
- Friedrich Wilhelm von Grothausen († approx. 1777), Hessian lieutenant, participant in the American War of Independence
- Carl Dietrich von Grotthuss (* 1728; † after 1805), Prussian judicial director
- Eleonore von Grothaus (* 1734, † 1794), poet, last agnatic Grothaus on Ledenburg, on Dieckmans Erbe and Mesen Erbe Ksp. Badbergen Bsch. Mimmelage, with Brünings Erbe Ksp. Schiedehausen Bsch. Linne, with Tönjes Kotten at the Mollen, with Wentenhof, with Herman Havermanns Kotten Ksp. Barckhausen Bsch. Linde, with half of the Lecker Mühle, with the house and farm in Purrenhagen Ksp. Badbergen Bsch. Mimmelage, with Wulfert's legacy and with the Rickhaus Ksp. Badbergen, with the Merschhof at and in the Ksp. Osterkappeln, mother of Count Ernst Friedrich Herbert zu Münster -Ledenburg, Baron von Grothaus
- Friedrich Wilhelm Karl Ludwig von Grothaus (* 1747; † 1801), officer, military theorist and adventurer
- Dietrich Ewald von Grotthuss (* 1751; † 1786), composer
- Johann Ulrich von Grothuss (* 1753; † 1815), poet and state politician
- Heinrich Wilhelm Rudolph Ernst von Grotthuss (* 1762; † 1816), Prussian district administrator
- Sophie Leopoldine Wilhelmine von Grotthuis (* 1763; † 1828), Berlin Salonnière
- Theodor von Grotthuss (* 1785; † 1822), natural scientist, discoverer of the Grotthuss mechanism
- Elisabeth von Grotthuss (* 1820; † 1896), narrator and playwright
- Jeannot Emil von Grothuss (* 1865; † 1920), writer and publicist
- Kuno Freiherr von Grotthuss (* 1879 - † 1956), writer ( Weberschiffchen-Bücherei 12)
literature
- Leonid Arbusow : Otto Grotthuss in Estonia (1492). In: Yearbook for Genealogy, Heraldry and Sphragistics . 1898, pp. 97-100.
- Marriage alliances of the von Grotthuss family. Volume 2, part 1, Rostock 1924. (manuscript)
- Hans Feldmann, Heinz von zur Mühlen : Baltic historical local dictionary: Latvia (southern Livonia and Courland). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar 1990, pp. 92, 93, 97, 196, 203, 210, 304, 322, 334, 340, 391, 418, 491, 527, 556, 570, 633 and 673. (digitized version )
- Gustaf Elgenstierna : The introducerade svenska adelns ättartavlor. Volume 3, Stockholm 1927.
- Johann Friedrich Gauhe : The Holy Roman Empire Genealogical-Historical Adels-Lexikon. Part II, Leipzig 1747, Sp. 1509–1510.
-
Genealogical manual of the nobility . (GHdA), CA Starke Verlag , Limburg (Lahn)
- Nobility Lexicon. Volume IV, Volume 67 of the complete series, 1978, pp. 284-285; XVII, 2008, pp. 285-286.
- Genealogical handbook of baronial houses. A 6, volume 37 of the complete series, 1966, pp. 194-242; A 12, volume 74 of the complete series, 1980, pp. 138-158.
- Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Freiherrliche Häuser . (GGT FA) Justus Perthes , Gotha 1902–1942.
- Maximilian Gritzner : Siebmacher , III.11.I. Baltic provinces. Nuremberg 1898, pp. 147–148.
- Julius von Grotthuss: Genealogical Miscellen for the history of the family v. Grotthuss. In: Yearbook for Genealogy, Heraldry and Sphragistics. 1902, pp. 214-219.
- Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon . Volume 4, Leipzig 1863, p. 63.
- Leopold von Ledebur : Nobility Lexicon of the Prussian Monarchy . Volume 1, Berlin 1855, pp. 291-292.
- Jully Ramsay : Frälseslakter i Finland intill stora ofreden. Helsingfors 1909, p. 157.
- Max von Spießen : The family v. Grothus, Grothaus, de magno domo, in Westphalia . In: Yearbook for Genealogy, Heraldry and Sphragistics. 1893, pp. 33-38. (PDF; 25.7 MB)
- Harald von Toll: Defense letter of the Oberburggrave Otto von Grotthuss on the occasion of the announcement of a general Kurland Landtag composed in contradiction to the regimental formula of the year 1625. Communicated from the archive of the Estonian knighthood. In: Yearbook for Genealogy, Heraldry and Sphragistics. 1899, pp. 20-26.
- Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : New Prussian Adelslexicon . Volume 2, Leipzig 1836, p. 290.
Web links
- Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Grotthuss. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
- Homepage of the family v. Grotthuss and v. Grothusen
- by Grotthuss on Schlossarchiv.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ Westfälisches Urkundenbuch , Volume III, No. 1030.
- ↑ Harry von Grotthuss, Das Rittergut Grotenhus , in: News sheet of the family association of Barons and Freiherrn v. Grotthuss v. Grothusen
- ↑ GGT FA, Part A, 92nd year 1942, p. 145.
- ^ Carl Heinrich Nieberding : History of the former Niederstift Münster , p. 477 ff.
- ^ Erik Thomson, Georg Baron Manteuffel-Szoege : Palaces and manors in the Baltic States. Frankfurt a. M. 1959, (English)
- ↑ Castle history ( Memento of the original from December 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Marie von Grothus zu Grone, Abbess zu Gravenhorst on genealogy.net
- ↑ Abbess Maria von Grothaus or her parents
- ^ History of Ledenburg Castle
- ↑ Max von Spießen : Book of arms of the Westphalian nobility, with drawings by Professor Ad. M. Hildebrandt , Volume 1, Görlitz 1901–1903, p. 62.
- ↑ GHdA Adelslexikon, Volume IV, Volume 67 of the complete series, 1978, p. 284.
- ^ Grothaus, Ernst Philipp Freiherr von , in the index of the German biography
- ↑ genealogy.net: Ernst Philipp Ferdinand von Grothaus zu Ledenburg
- ^ "Grothausen, von, Friedrich Wilhelm († approx. 1777)". Hessian troops in America. (As of December 20, 2012). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- ↑ a b Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 , pp. 357–358 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ Eleonore von Grothaus (PDF; 476 kB)
- ^ Eleonore Elisabeth Helene Sophie von Grothaus zu Ledenburg.
- ↑ Lending deed from King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia
- ↑ a b Digital text collection of older literature in Estonia