Grotthuss (noble family)

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Family coat of arms of those of Grothus in Westphalia

Grotthufi , historically also Groithus , Grotthus , Grotthuss , Grothaus , Grothus or Grothusen is the name of an old Westphalian noble family , which is still in the late Middle Ages to the Baltic States , and later to Hannover and Prussia spread and multiply ennoblement in the baron has learned. Branches of the family currently persist.

history

The Grotthuss ( Grothaus ; in the Middle Ages Latin de magna domo ), like those of Morrien, come from the von Senden family, which was documented as early as 1174/1185, and thus from the Westphalian nobility. They borrow their name from the parent company of the same name, Grotenhus near Nordkirchen , which was formerly a fiefdom of the Prince-Bishops of Münster . With Theodoricus de magna domo in 1269 or his brother or son, the knight Conradus de Magna domo in 1277, the family was first named after this ancestral seat. In 1370 and 1378 the descendant Stephanus was enfeoffed with Grotenhaus by the Prince-Bishop of Münster. The parent company remained in family ownership until 1403.

With the Teutonic Order , relatives came to the Baltic States , where the family with Otto Groithueß , vassal of the order, first appeared in Wierland on September 13, 1492 .

On October 17, 1620 the Grotthuss were enrolled in the 1st class of the Courland knighthood . The matriculation with the Livonian knighthood took place in 1747 for the Meselau family . On April 3, 1862, the entire Baltic family was granted the right to use the baron title by Senatsukas (No. 2823) in the Russian Empire .

In 1642 the Finnish line, with the royal Swedish major and subordinate master of Finland, as well as the heir to Kjällfjärd Otto Johan von Grothusen from the Meselau house († around 1650), received the indigenous division in Sweden and was renamed the Swedish knighthood under the name Grothusen (No. 276) introduced. The line must have expired in the 4th generation, the aforementioned great-grandson Magnus Reinhold von Grothusen was last named in 1727 as an ensign in the infantry.

The Prussian approval to use the baron title with the highest cabinet order was issued in Berlin on March 16, 1844 for the later royal Prussian major Ludwig Freiherrn von Grotthuss, the approval to use the baron title for his son, the later royal Prussian captain Victor von Grotthuss, was also issued by the very highest cabinet order in Berlin on November 14, 1867.

The royal Swedish lieutenant general and governor of Wismar , Otto Johan von Grothusen , was promoted to the status of Swedish baron on December 24, 1687 and in 1689 was introduced to the baron class of the Swedish knighthood (No. 80). The Grothusenkoog is named after him. His lineage already died out with his children. His youngest son, the royal Swedish major general in the cavalry, Christian Albrekt von Grothusen , died on November 16, 1715 from the wounds received in the battle of Stresow without having previously entered into a marriage or leaving heirs.

Property ownership

Prussia

Westphalia

Bomhof, Bullermühle (1599–1634; 1659–1690), Clevehus, Davensberg , Ellerbrock, Grone, Grotenhus (1269–1403), Haringhof (1323–1353), (Lüdinghausen), Mesenburg, Spyck , Stick and the Grothaus'sche Hof in Quakenbrück

Tecklenburg

Scharfenberg (1562-1616)

East Prussia

Albrechtau, Brunau, Cremitten (1776–1820), Podollen (1729–1820), Ober Rehhof (1820), Rosenau , Saltnicken (1677), Schievenau , Tauerlaucken (1647–1677)

Brandenburg

Ländchen Bärwalde (1760–1780)

Hanover
Ledenburg Castle

Arenshorst (1550), Bramsche (before 1463), Kritenstein (1605–1780), Kronenburg (1562–1780), Ledenburg (1622–1780), Vehr (1612–1650), Wimmer (1650) and Wittlage (1610–1718)

Baltic states

Livonia
Grotenhusenhof

Absenau (1783–1816), Altenwoga (1730–1788), Grothus (1582), Grotenhusenhof, Kegeln, Korküll (1745), Kunal (1600), Lubbert-Renzen, Meselau (1550–1724 with interruptions), Paltemal, Rammenhof ( 1828–1840) and Zehrten

Courland

Abaushof (1705), Groß und Klein Abgulden (1820–1848), Arishof (1755–1769), Alt Autz (1765), Berghoff and Appussen (1820–1827), Groß Bercken (since 1714), Berken (1825), Bersteln , Birshoff (1628), Brunowischek, Buckschenhöfchen (until 1681), Dannenthal, Diensdorf, Doben (1819–1831), Durben (1789–1808), Eckengrafen (1590–1640), Grenzhof, Hasenpoth , Kapsehden (1618), Krothen, Krottusch (1505), Customers (until 1690), Langenfeldt (1765), Lambertshof (1859), Leegen (1887–1920), Leparnhof (1723), Lepen (1736), Libbingen (1605–1700), Nabben (1712–1774 ), Neuhof (until 1822), Pusseneeken (1854–1938), Ruhental (1505–1681), Schnepeln, Schwitten (1505–1788 with interruption), Schlockenbeck (1727–1818), Sattiken, Schwirkaln (1576), Seemuppen (1760 ), Seppen, Sessau (1760), Spahren, Spirgen (1799), Sturhof (1765), Wainoden (1801–1920), Suschenhof, Wilkajen (1765), Zeemalden (1576) and Zerrauxt (1734)

Lithuania

White Plonian (1663–1791)

Scandinavia

Finland

Kjällfjärd

Sweden

Langbro

Foundations

The high altar donated by the Westphalian Grothaus in Gravenhorst monastery. (The coat of arms of the Grotthuss crowning the right wing.)

The abbess Maria von Grothaus (* 1588; † 1659) and her parents, Ewert von Grothaus, Herr auf Grone, Rentmeister zu Lingen 1565-94, and Anna von Cloester zu Havirhorst, donated the high altar retable on the east side in the church interior of the Gravenhorst monastery . This is indicated by the two coats of arms of Grothaus and of Cloester. Heinrich Meiering from Rheine made this masterful work in the late Renaissance style in 1641 from Baumberger sandstone .

The chalice and paten of the Holy Communion utensils in Holter Church were donated by Johann Jobst Heinrich von Grothaus in 1695. The hall church itself was built in 1770 by General Ernst Philipp Ferdinand von Grothaus (* 1703; † 1776). With him the Ledenburg line became extinct in the male line, whereupon the descent of his daughter Eleonore, the hereditary land marshals and counts of Münster-Ledenburg, barons of Grothaus , took over the Holter patronage.

coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows a black diagonal right bar (bridge), tinned four times below, in silver . On the helmet with black and silver covers an open silver flight with the sloping beam descending.

The coat of arms of the Baltic Grotthuss shows on the helmet with black and silver covers an open black and silver flight, depending on the color mixed up with the sloping beam.

The baron's coat of arms (1687) is square and covered with a heart shield, inside a four times tinned silver oblique right bar, 1 in blue a golden griffin holding four arrows in its paws, 2 in gold an armored arm holding a crown , 3 in gold (2 , 1) burning grenades, 4 in blue a silver fortress floor plan. Two helmets with blue-silver-red-gold covers, on the right an open black flight, each covered with a silver slanting bar, three times tinned below, on the left four blue flags.

Historical coats of arms

  • Coat of arms of the Grotthuss in the Baltic Book of Arms

  • Coat of arms of the Barons von Grothus

Relatives

literature

Web links

Commons : Grotthuss family  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Westfälisches Urkundenbuch , Volume III, No. 1030.
  2. ↑ Harry von Grotthuss, Das Rittergut Grotenhus , in: News sheet of the family association of Barons and Freiherrn v. Grotthuss v. Grothusen
  3. ↑ GGT FA, Part A, 92nd year 1942, p. 145.
  4. ^ Carl Heinrich Nieberding : History of the former Niederstift Münster , p. 477 ff.
  5. ^ Erik Thomson, Georg Baron Manteuffel-Szoege : Palaces and manors in the Baltic States. Frankfurt a. M. 1959, (English)
  6. ↑ Castle history ( Memento of the original from December 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / rundale.net
  7. ↑ Marie von Grothus zu Grone, Abbess zu Gravenhorst on genealogy.net
  8. ↑ Abbess Maria von Grothaus or her parents
  9. ^ History of Ledenburg Castle
  10. ↑ Max von Spießen : Book of arms of the Westphalian nobility, with drawings by Professor Ad. M. Hildebrandt , Volume 1, Görlitz 1901–1903, p. 62.
  11. ↑ GHdA Adelslexikon, Volume IV, Volume 67 of the complete series, 1978, p. 284.
  12. ^ Grothaus, Ernst Philipp Freiherr von , in the index of the German biography
  13. ↑ genealogy.net: Ernst Philipp Ferdinand von Grothaus zu Ledenburg
  14. ^ "Grothausen, von, Friedrich Wilhelm († approx. 1777)". Hessian troops in America. (As of December 20, 2012). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  15. ↑ a b Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 , pp. 357–358 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  16. ↑ Eleonore von Grothaus (PDF; 476 kB)
  17. ^ Eleonore Elisabeth Helene Sophie von Grothaus zu Ledenburg.
  18. ↑ Lending deed from King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia
  19. ↑ a b Digital text collection of older literature in Estonia