Shuttle library

Hans Wegener: Trees of the Forest , WB 1

Advertisement No. 6291 “Weberschiffchen-Bücherei”, approx. 1938

Franz Grillparzer : The poor minstrel , WB 58 (last series volume, 1943)

F. Frh. Von Stein-Kochberg: In Kochberg (WB 15), TS by Editha Drawert

The Weberschiffchen-Bücherei (WB) is a 58-title book series of inexpensive books that was published from 1935 to 1943 in the Leipzig publishing house JJ Weber . Its range of topics includes popular science texts from biology, cultural history and architecture with colored illustrations or b / w photos; but also stories, short stories and fairy tales.

Edition history

It is possible that the Insel-Bücherei also initiated this series. A good quarter of the titles in the weaver's shuttle library had previously appeared in the IB, as can be seen from the table in the footnotes. The volumes of natural history were kept completely different in both series by the authors and the illustrators involved. For information purposes, comparable IB titles that came onto the market after the WB volume were also given; a reverse suggestion can also be considered here. These later editions of the Insel-Bücherei are in italics. This also applies to the indication of additional illustrations in the IB volumes that were not made until significantly later.

Table with the comparison of the text or the same topic titles published in the weaver and island library:

table
WB	year	author	title	Illustrator photographer	IB	year	Illustrator photographer	Different IB author / title
01	1935	Hans Wegener	Trees of the German forest	Adam Wolfgang Winterschmidt	316/2	1934	Willi Harwerth	Friedrich Schnack: The little tree book
22nd	1936	Lucy Nath	In the Naumburg Cathedral	Rolf-Dietrich Nath, Helmuth Nath	505	1937	Walter Hege , Johannes Jahn	Wilhelm Pinder (1964: Johannes Jahn): The sculptures of the Naumburg Cathedral
25th	1937	Wilhelm Rau	The jewels	Curt Bessiger, Otto Berger	054/2	1938	Hans Lang	Friedrich Schnack: The little book of precious stones
38	1940	Clemens Brentano	Story of the good Kasperl and the beautiful Annerl	Friedrich Rietschel	175	1915	Hans Meid (1942: 47.-55.) Helga Paditz (1974: 76.-90.)	-
39	1940	Hermann von Kleist	Michael Kohlhaas	Rudolph Brabandt	161	1915	Gerhard Kurt Müller (1977: 96.-110.)	-
40	1940	Theodor Storm	Pole Poppenspäler	Martin Rudolph	045/2	1918	Joachim Kölbel (1954: 121-140.)	-
42	1940	JW Goethe (Afterword: Max Hecker )	The tale	-	864	1967	Heiner Vogel	-
46	1941	Conrad Ferdinand Meyer	Gustav Adolf's Page	-	286/2	1929	-	-
47	1941	Conrad Ferdinand Meyer	Hutten's last days	-	300/2	1929	-	-
48	1941	Grimm brothers	Fifteen children's and household tales	-	441-443	1935	-	The house fairy tales
49	1941	Gottfried Keller	The bailiff of Greifensee	-	324	1935	-	-
52	1940	Theodor Storm	Aquis submersus	-	249	1919	Johannes Wüsten (1967)	-
53	1942	Gottfried Keller	Romeo and Juliet in the village	Martin Rudolph	324	1935	-	-
54	1942	Jean Paul	Life of the cheerful schoolmaster Maria Wuz in Auenthal	-	051	1913	-	-
55	1942	Gottfried Keller	The flag of the seven upright ones	-	325	1940	-	-
56	1942	Wilhelm Hauff	The caravan	-	424	1932	Carl Weidemeyer (7 initials)	-
57	1942	Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder, Ludwig Tieck (Afterword: Hermann August Korff )	Heart pouring from an art-loving monastery brother	-	534	1938	-	-
58	1942	Franz Grillparzer	The poor minstrel	-	082	1913	-	-

Quite a few titles had already appeared in the normal publishing program beforehand, with some others the expiry of the copyright protection period of well-known authors, such as Theodor Storm , Gottfried Keller or Theodor Fontane , should be used for a successful new edition in the inexpensive cardboard tape segment.
In the first year of issue of the Weberschiffchen-Bücherei , a total of 14 volumes were published, starting with Hans Wegener's Trees of the Forest , mostly with natural history. Among them are Edible Sea Fish by Rudolf Schiffel (WB 9), Der Wiesenteich und seine Lebensgemeinschaft by Julius R. Haarhaus (WB 11) or Unter Polarieren by Alwin Pedersen (WB 13). But there were also literary texts, such as Der Karneval und die Somnambule , a novella by Karl Immermann that takes up Goethe's motif of elective affinities (WB 4), a novella by Fritz Lang's second wife and screenwriter ( Metropolis ) Thea von Harbou , love letters from St. Florin (WB 6), or the story Johann Fehring, the people-cheating man by Adolf Bartels (WB 7). Thematic compilations were also to be found, such as superstition in love (WB 3) or songs that shook the world (WB 10) - both by the resistance fighter and first wife of the later BDA President Otto A. Friedrich , Ruth Andreas-Friedrich . In the following years the series increased by seven to eight new titles a year, only in 1939 there was only one new entry. It ended in 1942 with the number 58, Der arme Spielmann by Franz Grillparzer ; In 1943 a paperback edition of this number was published.

Thematic focus

A well thought-out overall publishing concept can hardly be taken from the series, regardless of a few recognizable topics. Overall, the sequence of titles strikes a kaleidoscopic arc of content. Regarding several titles in the series with a cultural and art-historical reference, references to the National Socialist ideology due to the time of origin cannot be overlooked (e.g. Naumburg Cathedral - WB 22, universities - WB 30, Leipziger Messe - WB 35).

Natural history

Most of the series is devoted to natural history topics in the broadest sense. In addition to the ribbons already mentioned for 1935, until 1938 u. a. still breed dogs by Albert Georgi (WB 32), gems of William Rau (WB 27) or poisonous plants our home of Karl Wetzel (16 WB) discussed.

Art and cultural history

The history of art is represented in several volumes, such as Lucy Nath's Im Dom zu Naumburg (WB 22), Erich Haenel's Cathedral and Meißen Castle (WB 33) or Josef Bergel's Friedland, Wallenstein's Castle (WB 37). German cultural history is served with titles such as Kurt Sauer's Deutsche Triumphzüge (WB 21), Kultur im Eisen by Paul Mahlberg (WB 30) or The German Universities by Fritz Spindler (WB 36).

Weimar Classic

The Weimarer Klassik in the year of issue 1936 is a separate topic . Here are In Kochberg - the realm of Charlotte von Stein by Felix Fhr. Von Stein-Kochberg (WB 15), Auf Höhen der Ettersburg (WB 17) and Belvedere Castle (WB 18) - both by Werner Deetjen - and Tiefurt by the Goethe researcher Hans Wahl (WB 19). Editha Drawert (1887–1947), who also provided WB 15 with stone drawings , created her title plate illustrations with the respective buildings .

Lipsiensia

Topics related to JJ Weber's place of publication are also taken up in the series. Bruno Metzels From the bottom up. From a book printer's life (WB 14) is dedicated to the printing trade, which was then strongly represented in the book city of Leipzig . With Die Leipziger Messe (WB 35), illustrated by Georg Emanuel Opiz , the art historian Walther Scheidig (1902–1977) gives an insight into the historical events of the trade fair, and Friedrich Schulze illuminates an important part of the with Die Völkerschlacht and its memorial (WB 29) City history and at the same time presents the most famous landmark of the city. Finally, with the biblical piano sonata Der Streit between David and Goliath (WB 20) , Franz Konrad Hoefert recalls the reigning Thomaskantor and composer of the Baroque era, Johann Kuhnau, who immediately preceded Bach . The modern musical notation was provided by Josef Achtélik .

Volumes about "Pastor Millet Grain"

As WB 25 and WB 26, the stories about the "Pastor Hirsekorn", which were published for the first time in 1924 and the following year, were published again in 1937. These are the titles "From Pastor Mathias Hirsekorn and his People" and "Pastor Hirsekorn's Brothers in Prison", which were written by the Wiesbaden-based, literarily extremely active Pastor Fritz Philippi , who is largely forgotten today.

Fairy tales and short stories

The weaver's shuttle library was completed in 1940 with exclusively literary works and fairy tales: starting with Clemens Brentano's story of the good Kasperl and the beautiful Annerl (WB 38), until 1942 a. a. Novellas by Theodor Storm ( Pole Poppenspäler - WB 40, Immensee - WB 50 and Aquis submersus - WB 52), by Theodor Fontane ( Grete Minde - WB 45) and by Gottfried Keller ( Der Landvogt von Greifensee - WB 49, Romeo and Juliet on the village - WB 53, The flag of the seven upright ones - WB 55). After the fairy tale collection of the Brothers Grimm Fifteen Children's and Household Tales (WB 48) had already been published in 1941, the fairy tale collection Die Karawane by Wilhelm Hauff (WB 56) appeared shortly before the end of the series due to the war with Grillparzer's poor Spielmann .

Features, requirements and price

In the case of the volumes illustrated with photos, a separate part of the board on art paper was usually added to the book text. In contrast, the color printing for the volumes with drawing boards was done on normal paper.

Illustrations

Some literary works were also provided with illustrations in the text: The novellas by Kleist Michael Kohlhaas (WB 39), Rudolph Brabandt and Storm Pole Poppenspäler (WB 40) were illustrated by Martin Rudolph, and Erich Kraft's poem Das kleine Haus was decorated with illustrations Originals by Luigi Malipiero and copper engravings by Daniel Chodowiecki were reproduced in Lessing's comedy Minna von Barnhelm or The Soldier's Luck (WB 43) . In some cases, art paper was used throughout, as in the last-mentioned volume 43.

Cardboard volumes

According to the title records of the German National Library, all titles are said to have been bound in cardboard. The cardboard was pasted with mostly monochrome, slightly patterned and quite fragile paste paper . For some, there are binding rates with different colors of the cover paper. They have printed spine labels with the row number and also imprinted, mostly typographically designed title labels with a light background. For the volumes on the Weimar Classic, some other art-historical volumes, such as the Naumburg Cathedral , Cathedral and Castle in Meißen or Friedland , as well as several fairy tale and novel titles , including Hauff's Caravan and Goethe's Fairy Tales , the title plates were also provided with drawings. Stapling dominates ; with some titles thread stitching is also used - probably with the earlier binder rates.

Brochures

Remaining stocks of the printed sheets were partly sold with the original paste paper, while largely retaining the title and spine design. There are also brochures in beige-colored cardboard with a colored title plate base and the back title label in the same color as the title label base, whereby the color can even change if there are several binding rates for a title. After all, some brochures, probably from the late war period, had a simple, white, pasted title label with the volume number; a back print is completely absent in this case, e.g. B. Paul Schöps : Fur (WB 34) or Karl Wetzel: Poisonous Plants of Our Home (WB 16). With some titles there is also a late binding rate, in which the colored title plate fund was dispensed with to save material - as with the field post issues described below. These brochures with low-quality cover paper do not show a volume number in the title print, nor was one printed on the spine. So far, a total of 3 ribbons are known in this variant: meadow pond (WB 11), poisonous plants (WB 16) and pedigree dogs (WB 32).

Binding variants of the shuttle library

Rudolph Schiffel: Edible sea fish , WB 9, paste paper tape
Hans Wegener: Fruits of the Field , WB 5, paste paper brochure
Rudolph Schiffel: Edible sea fish , WB 9, two-tone brochure
Paul Schöps: Pelze , WB 34, one-colored brochure with stuck-on title label
Karl Wetzel: Poisonous Plants from Our Homeland , WB 16, monochrome brochure with a printed title label

In addition, there were also some follow-up editions of well-salable titles, which from the start were only delivered in paperback with the original paste paper. Often the Fraktur types of the WB were replaced by the Antiqua . Here the publisher followed Hitler's non-public circular letter decree of January 3, 1941 , according to which the prevalence of Fraktur in the printing industry in Germany was to be ended, since the so-called "Gothic script" was not to be regarded as a German script, but in reality from Schwabach Jewish letters would exist.

Half-title

The half-title bears the name of the series and the publisher's signet , the motif of which is reminiscent of the Insel Verlag : a sailing ship manned by a winged boy , whose square sail is adorned with the publisher's initials “JJW”, glides on the waves. The volume number only appears on the spine of the book, with the exception of the single-color brochures with a stuck-on title label, and the numbering of the series seemed to have only a subordinate significance on the part of the publisher, as it was only partially noted in the advertising material (see the illustration above ). The year of publication was only partially entered in the copyright notice from 1936 onwards .

Editions

Editions cannot be taken from the ribbons; there is also hardly any publicly available information about it. Corresponding bibliographical information is only available from the DNB for the volume of the “Dom zu Naumburg”. After that he had a fairly high initial circulation of 10,000 pieces. However, with its 3 editions it also reached a total of 31,000 volumes. This can also be seen in the antiquarian offer, which is not available for the other volumes. Its circulation figures can therefore not be regarded as representative of the series. Today it appears much less often than the island library , which is similar in terms of equipment and whose text volumes at that time mostly had initial print runs of 10,000 copies; in the case of nature books such as The Little Book of Flowers (IB 281/2) or The Little Book of Precious Stones (IB 54/2), it was even 50,000.

price

As cardboard volumes, the ribbons cost 90 pfennigs according to information in the publisher's advertising. There are no corresponding instructions for the brochures; However, pencil entries “-, 75” in some brochure ribbons suggest a retail price of 0.75 RM .

Licensed editions of the German Book Association

Licensed editions of three titles were published by the German Book Association in Berlin in the 50-volume series "Die Schatulle" (1928–1938): Wegener's Trees of the Forest 1935, Naths Im Dom zu Naumburg 1936 and Raus Die Gemelsteine 1937, respectively in the year of the first edition by JJ Weber. The bindings were redesigned by Ernst Böhm in a floral pattern with a printed label on the spine, but in different colors, and outwardly show no resemblance to the WB series titles. The cardboard volumes are thread-stitched and at 1.10 RM a little more expensive than the original editions.


Karl Hans Strobl: The women's refuge in Brescia (Feldblusenbücherei 11 [WB 51])		Kleist: Michael Kohlhaas , title page (Feldblusenbücherei 8 [WB 39])

Field post issues in World War II

Like many other publishing houses, the JJ Weber publishing house supported the production of reading material for soldiers at the front, which flourished during the Second World War . He approved the production of several titles of his shuttle library as “special prints” on wood-containing paper in a simple beige-colored cover with a printed title plate without any reference to the original series origin. Most of the titles are available in paperback, the small volumes are only stapled . Some of the editions were re-set, with the Antiqua also sometimes being used as the new font. Illustrations in the text were always preserved; However, title plate illustrations have been omitted.

Responsible for the volume of the field blouse library of the "Italian Post" (FBB), which appeared from 1943 with its own numbering, drew a "Unit Fp.-Nr. 57,000th Officer for National Socialist Leadership ”.

It is very likely that these volumes were supplements or additional deliveries of the front newspaper Italienpost , which was initially published daily from September 30, 1943 . From Monday to Saturday this was entitled “News paper for the German soldiers in Italy”, while the Sunday edition appeared as a “weekly newspaper for the German soldiers in Italy”. The last daily edition was the New Years edition 1943/1944 (No. 92). From January 1944, the Italian Post was published as a monthly periodical under the title “Italian Post. Monthly booklets for the German soldiers in Italy ”published.

Other publishers also contributed to the supply of the field blouse library . a. 1944 Wilhelm Limpert , Berlin and Dresden. The number "15" is the highest known number in the field blouse library to date.

The edited titles can be found in the table below. No bibliographical information has yet been found for the numbers marked with “NN”. In the DNB only 3 volumes, including 2 WB titles, are listed (FBB 7, 9 and 15). So far nothing is known about the number of copies of the individual titles.

Row number	Former WB or other publisher number	author	title	illustrator	cover	Originally Licher Publishing	year
1	WB 6	Thea of Harbou	Love letters from St. Florin	-	Stapling	JJ Weber	1943
2	WB 4	Karl Immermann	The carnival and the somnambule	-	Paperback
3	WB 41	Richard von Volkmann-Leander	Daydreams at French chimneys	-
4th	WB 56	Wilhelm Hauff	The caravan	-
5	WB 45	Theodor Fontane	Grete Minde	-
6th	NN	NN	NN	NN	NN	NN
7th	WB 7	Adolf Bartels	Johann Fehring, the people cheating	-	Paperback	JJ Weber
8th	WB 39	Hermann von Kleist	Michael Kohlhaas	Rudolph Brabandt
9	WB 31	Hans-Eberhard von Besser	Silesian originals	-
10	WB 38	Clemens Brentanos	Story of the good Kasperl	Friedrich Ritschel	Stapling
11	WB 51	Karl Hans Strobl	The Brescia Women's Refuge	-	Paperback
12	NN	NN	NN	NN	NN	NN
13	Single track	Mario Heil de Brentani	The lovely Miss Sani	-	Cardboard tape	Bong & Co. Berlin- Leipzig- Munich
14th	NN	NN	NN	NN	NN	NN	NN
15th	Popular 25-Pfg.-Library No. 17	Mario Heil de Brentani	Lorle on the bridge	-	Paperback	Limpert publishing house	1944

Later reprints out of sequence

"Der Greif" was published again by Wiesbaden publisher without a year [1954] Erich Kraft's poem Das kleine Haus , and Paul Schöps' volume Pelze was published in 1961 by Hermelin-Verlag Dr. Paul Schöps Berlin, Frankfurt am Main, Leipzig, Vienna also made a reprint.

Camouflage fonts

The innocuous series name was also used to produce two political camouflages . The first, undated and probably 1938 published 24-page text by G. Dimitroff : "United Front of the International Proletariat and the Peoples Against Fascism" (After the Munich Conspiracy) took direct recourse to a series title, namely WB 21 by Kurt Sauer: German triumphal procession (1936), which, however, contained 64 pages in the original, including many color plates. The cover of the camouflage font is based on the color of the original volume and - enlarged to the entire front cover - takes over the typography of its title plate, but is clearly undersized at only 92 × 132 mm.

Front cover

Half-title

Title page

Tarnschrift from 1939. Supposedly Gerhard Mackenroth (here: Mackenrodt written): Economics - actually: Molotov's report on the XVIII. Party congress of the CPSU 1939 (book size 96 × 135 mm)

In 1939 the KPD or the Communist International published a small volume, the cover of which was authored by the economist and sociologist Gerhard Mackenroth , who was closely related to the Nazi regime - here in the wrong spelling "Mackenrodt" - with a treatise on economics. Identifies basic concepts and principles of economics . Such a volume did not appear in the series, nor would it have corresponded to the series profile. In fact, the volume also contains an 80-page text by WM Molotov : The Third Five-Year Plan for the Development of the National Economy of the USSR. Report and closing words on the XVIII. Party convention of the CPSU (B) in March 1939. The stapled, again clearly under-sized brochure, contrary to the usual furnishings of the weaver's library, does not have a printed title plate with the serial name, but identifies the "Verlagbuchhandlung JJ Weber, Leipzig" as an allegedly editing house. Only the half-title then indicates an alleged series volume with the corresponding signet and the series name. JJ Weber, Leipzig, is also mentioned in the 1939 copyright notice.

Remarks

↑ The book series ended with the last published title Der arme Spielmann in 1942 on the front page. With the year of issue 1943, however, there were still paperback subsequent editions of several titles.
^ Heidemarie Förster-Stahl: The draftsman Editha Drawert. In: Rudolstädter Heimathefte. Contributions from the Saalfeld-Rudolstadt district and its surroundings. Volume 51, No. 1/2, Rudolstadt 2005, pp. 17-21. In 1908 and 1909 Drawert also directed two drawings for the Munich art and literature magazine Jugend (PDF, simplicissimus.info ).
↑ Hoefert worked as a publisher and editor. So he put u. a. the volume published by the traditional Berlin publishing house Kolk & Co. in 1935, The Memorial of the Fallen Poets: World War 1914–1918 , and was co-editor of the Yearbook of German Speakers (Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft Berlin, 1938).
↑ The text of the book "From Pastor Mathias Hirsekorn and his people" is available digitally ( [1] ).
↑ However, some late titles can only be found as brochures on the second-hand book market. It is possible that “Pp.” (Paperboard) was entered by default for the book series when the title was recorded, although only brochures are available. This concerns z. B. WB 37 (Josef Bergel: Friedland, Wallenstein's Castle) or WB 58 (Franz Grillparzer: The poor minstrel).
↑ The series designation ( DNB entry ) is not evident from the book text itself, but a container ("casket") is part of the design of the front cover.
^ The authorizing publisher is erroneously indicated on the title page as "II Weber" (recte: "JJ Weber").
↑ Under the field post number 57000 is in the Third Reich field post number database for eligible military unit stated: "(8.9.1943-22.4.1944) 11/26/1943 AOK 14 (23.4.1944-24.11.1944) 31 (? ) .9.1944 AOK 14 u. Special staff Kirschner ”.
↑ Compare the catalog of the DNB . The field post number 48093, most recently: Propaganda Department Italy, was given as the transferring point. The Italian-language edition (Edizione italiana per gli italiani volontari nelle ff. Aa. [Forze armate] germaniche) is cataloged in the DNB catalog for 1943 all year round and 1944 up to number 4 [still as a weekly newspaper?]. The suspension of both editions in early 1944 was certainly closely related to the battle for Monte Cassino .
↑ According to an earlier internet sales offer by Gottfried Keller, one of the titles is Der Landvogt von Greifensee , whose FBB number was not given.
↑ 7 titles on worldcat.org .
↑ 29 titles are listed in the German National Library for this series. In 1935 the Berlin publishing house Moewig & Höffner initially published 17 issues. In the following year another 12 issues were edited by Limpert Verlag Dresden - Berlin.
↑ Both editions are cataloged in the DNB ( portal.dnb.de ).
↑ The copyright information in the book "1936" comes from the original title and cannot be correct due to the content of the camouflage font, which refers to events up to 1938 at the latest.

Web links

Commons : Shuttle Library - collection of images, videos and audio files

Volumes of the shuttle library in the catalog of the German National Library

[1] The book series ended with the last published title Der arme Spielmann in 1942 on the front page. With the year of issue 1943, however, there were still paperback subsequent editions of several titles.

[2] Heidemarie Förster-Stahl: The draftsman Editha Drawert. In: Rudolstädter Heimathefte. Contributions from the Saalfeld-Rudolstadt district and its surroundings. Volume 51, No. 1/2, Rudolstadt 2005, pp. 17-21. In 1908 and 1909 Drawert also directed two drawings for the Munich art and literature magazine Jugend (PDF, simplicissimus.info ).

[3] Hoefert worked as a publisher and editor. So he put u. a. the volume published by the traditional Berlin publishing house Kolk & Co. in 1935, The Memorial of the Fallen Poets: World War 1914–1918 , and was co-editor of the Yearbook of German Speakers (Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft Berlin, 1938).

[4] The text of the book "From Pastor Mathias Hirsekorn and his people" is available digitally ( [1] ).

[5] However, some late titles can only be found as brochures on the second-hand book market. It is possible that “Pp.” (Paperboard) was entered by default for the book series when the title was recorded, although only brochures are available. This concerns z. B. WB 37 (Josef Bergel: Friedland, Wallenstein's Castle) or WB 58 (Franz Grillparzer: The poor minstrel).

[6] The series designation ( DNB entry ) is not evident from the book text itself, but a container ("casket") is part of the design of the front cover.

[7] The authorizing publisher is erroneously indicated on the title page as "II Weber" (recte: "JJ Weber").

[8] Under the field post number 57000 is in the Third Reich field post number database for eligible military unit stated: "(8.9.1943-22.4.1944) 11/26/1943 AOK 14 (23.4.1944-24.11.1944) 31 (? ) .9.1944 AOK 14 u. Special staff Kirschner ”.

[9] Compare the catalog of the DNB . The field post number 48093, most recently: Propaganda Department Italy, was given as the transferring point. The Italian-language edition (Edizione italiana per gli italiani volontari nelle ff. Aa. [Forze armate] germaniche) is cataloged in the DNB catalog for 1943 all year round and 1944 up to number 4 [still as a weekly newspaper?]. The suspension of both editions in early 1944 was certainly closely related to the battle for Monte Cassino .

[10] According to an earlier internet sales offer by Gottfried Keller, one of the titles is Der Landvogt von Greifensee , whose FBB number was not given.

[11] 7 titles on worldcat.org .

[25Pfg-12] 29 titles are listed in the German National Library for this series. In 1935 the Berlin publishing house Moewig & Höffner initially published 17 issues. In the following year another 12 issues were edited by Limpert Verlag Dresden - Berlin.

[13] Both editions are cataloged in the DNB ( portal.dnb.de ).

[14] The copyright information in the book "1936" comes from the original title and cannot be correct due to the content of the camouflage font, which refers to events up to 1938 at the latest.