Bärwalde country

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The little country Bärwalde , also Herrschaft Wiepersdorf or Herrschaft Bärwalde-Wiepersdorf, rarely also the Bärwaldisches Ländchen or Bärwalder Ländchen was until 1815 an electoral Brandenburg enclave and aristocratic rule in southern Fläming, which at that time predominantly belonged to the Electorate of Saxony (from 1806 Kingdom of Saxony) . It comprised seven localities and belonged to the Zauchescher Kreis until 1816 , and from January 1, 1817 to the then newly formed Jüterbog-Luckenwalde district . The seven places today belong to the municipality of Niederer Fläming ( Teltow-Fläming district , Brandenburg ). The little country Bärwalde should not be confused with the country Bärwalde in the former Neumark (today the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship ).

Bärwalde castle ruins

Geographical location

The little country Bärwalde bordered (before 1815) in the northwest on the Jüterbog office , in the north on the Seyda office (with the exclave Niederseefeld ), in the northeast on the Dahme office , in the east on the Schlieben office and in the south and west on the Schweinitz office . In terms of nature, the Fläming , a mountain range formed during the Ice Age, formed the border in the north. In the south, the region closed off with the swampy lowland of the Schweinitzer Fließ .

Scope of domination

The following places belonged to the little country Bärwalde:

Wiepersdorf Castle

In the 21st century, all places belong to the municipality of Niederer Fläming (southern part of the Teltow-Fläming district ).

history

The historical tradition of the little rulership started late. The feudal sovereignty over the little country Bärwalde lay with the Brandenburg elector until 1367. In 1367/1370 it was attached to the Bohemian Crown Lands and belonged to the Kingdom of Bohemia until 1411. From 1399 until after 1401 it was in the possession of the margrave Wilhelm I of Meissen. Claims by the Elector of Saxony-Wittenberg ( Rudolf III ) and the Archbishop of Magdeburg ( Albrecht IV of Querfurt ) are also known from the years 1388/89, but they could not be enforced. From 1411 to 1451 it belonged (as a pledge?) To the Duchy of Silesia-Glogau . It then fell to the Electorate of Brandenburg, initially as a pledge, and finally from 1462 on . But it remained under the Bohemian fiefdom until 1742. From before 1342 until after 1366 the small lordship was in the fief of the von Slautitz family. The von Rehfelde family is documented around 1389. In 1396 it belonged to the von Schlieben , then from 1435 to 1447 to the von Leipziger family . From 1448 to 1449 those of Rauchhaupt are recorded , from 1451 to 1452 those of Waldenfels . It was acquired again by the von Leipziger family before 1457, who owned it until 1666. In 1461 Caspar von Leiptzk sat on Bärwalde, who in that year acts as a witness in a document from Margrave Friedrich II of Brandenburg. In 1611 Ernst von Leipziger was master of Bärwalde and Wildenau, assessor of the court in Wittenberg. In 1666 the rule was divided. One part went to the von Stutterheim family , the other part stayed with the von Leipziger family. By 1734 two more shares had been split off.

The Einsiedel column to commemorate the acquisition of land by Gottfried Emanuel von Einsiedel

The rule of Bärwalde-Wiepersdorf

On June 17, 1734, Gottfried Emanuel von Einsiedel , royal Prussian lieutenant general of Marie Sophie, born and widowed von der Hagen, bought on behalf of their children Arnd Christoph Friedrich and Heinrich Ludwig von der Hagen and with the consent of the children's guardian Lieutenant Wieprecht Gottfried von der Hagen the Wiepersdorf manor and accessories for 26,000 thalers. On June 18, 1734 he acquired the manors in Bärwalde, Meinsdorf, Weißen and Kossin from Hans Friedrich von Leipziger, including pertinence in the little country Bärwalde and affiliated with upper and lower court, Jus Patronatus , high, middle and low hunts for 20,000 thalers. On the same day he bought from Christiane Magdalena geb. von Sacken, the wife of the Royal Polish Captain Johann Christoph von Leipziger, with the consent of her husband, who was absent due to the war, their share in Bärwalde and Meinsdorf including the associated authority for 10,500 thalers. And finally that year he acquired Hans Georg von Stutterheim's share in the Bärwalde manor with Herbersdorf (except for a few feudal farmers), as well as with Pertinenzien in Weißen, Kossin and Rinow for 22,000 thalers. With that the little rulership was reunited. Gottfried Emanuel von Einsiedel lived in Wiepersdorf. He had the manor house of the von Leipziger family in Wiepersdorf expanded, half solid, half made of wood. In 1736 two sloping side houses were built, not connected to the main house.

After his death in 1745, the little country Bärwalde came into the possession of his daughter Sophia Dorothea until 1780, who was married to Karl Wilhelm von Jeetze . She married a baron von Grotthaus in her second marriage; however, this marriage failed and was divorced in 1778. In 1780 she sold the little country Bärwalde for 98,000 thalers to the Royal Prussian Chamberlain Joachim Erdmann von Arnim , married to Amalie Caroline nee. Labes. His mother-in-law, Caroline Marie Elisabeth von Labes lent him the money to buy it. The rule, now mainly called Wiepersdorf rule, remained in the possession of the von Arnim family until 1872. Joachim Erdmann von Arnim came from the Blankensee branch of the Uckermark family . But Joachim Erdmann rarely stayed in Wiepersdorf and also neglected the building fabric. Rather, the castle in Bärwalde was expanded into a manorial residence under his leadership. He later leased the property. He died in 1804 and left two sons, Karl Otto Ludwig and Karl Joachim Friedrich Ludwig (later the poet Achim von Arnim). His wife Amalie Caroline, b. von Labes had already died in 1781 giving birth to his second son. The estate went to Karl Joachim Friedrich Ludwig, the later poet Achim von Arnim . He married Bettina Brentano in 1811 : the couple moved to Wiepersdorf in 1814. In 1817 Bettina moved to Berlin with her children, while Achim stayed in Wiepersdorf. In 1831 he died shortly before his 50th birthday in Wiepersdorf. The rule Wiepersdorf now fell to his older brother Karl Otto Ludwig, who leased it. In 1844/5 Freimund v. Arnim (* 1815), the son of Achim v. Arnim and Bettina Wiepersdorf. In 1876 the rule came into the possession of Achim von Arnim (the younger), the son of Freimund von Arnim and Marie von Trott zu Solz. He remained childless and in 1891 the rule went to his brother Annois Wilm von Arnim. Annois Wilm died in an accident in 1928, whereupon his brother Ottmar von Arnim Wiepersdorf took over. The last landowner on Wiepersdorf was Friedmund von Arnim. In 1945 they were expropriated and expelled in 1947. In 1945 Wiepersdorf Castle was initially the Soviet headquarters, and in 1947 a place of work and recreation for writers and artists. In 1965 it became the "Bettina-von-Arnim-Heim". Work and rest home for cultural workers. "

Bärwalde Castle

Bärwalde Castle was first referred to as "Feste" in 1375. It is not known when and who built it under what suzerainty. However, from archaeological research it is known that the remains of a Slavic settlement from the 10th / 11th Century lie. The first documented owners, von Slautitz, were feudal people of the Brandenburg margraves. Given the location between the Jüterbog and Dahme regions, the archbishops of Magdeburg would also be considered. Directly to the west and south was the Lower Lusatian care Schweinitz, which was probably originally a Wettin pertinence. At least parts of it came to the Neuwerk monastery in Halle at the end of the 12th century. Later the archbishops of Magdeburg are masters of this region. Archbishop Dietrich Kagelwit left Schweinitz to the Saxon Elector Rudolph II of Saxony-Wittenberg in 1362 .

The castle was a two-part system that was built on two adjacent long rectangular mounds of earth measuring 120 m × 60 m and 120 m × 45 m. The entire complex was surrounded by moats. In the late 17th century, the castle was converted into a palace by those of Leipziger. This building was habitable until at least the beginning of the 19th century. From 1948 the castle was used as a quarry. The brick buildings were removed and used to build houses for new settlers in Bärwalde. A square, medieval tower made of lawn iron stone came to light, which was integrated into the new building during the renovation in the 17th century. The turf iron stone building material could not be used for building houses in the post-war period and so the tower remained standing. Other remaining remains are cellar vaults and rising masonry. These were secured in 1999 and the tower was given a roof.

Population development of the little country Bärwalde from 1756 to 1939
place 1756 1772 1791 1801 1817 1837 1858 1871 1885 1895 1905 1925 1939
Bärwalde  97 121 127 138 150 152 148 157 162 136 128 129 123
 Herbersdorf  97 112 120 163 142 166 208 196 169 163 181 161 148
Kossin  98 76 102 105 95 113 122 104 130 102 95 95 80
Meinsdorf  179 171 226 249 268 325 373 392 361 317 288 269 262
Rinow  92 88 110 114 121 125 138 133 145 142 138 130 123
Whites  69 85 88 104 112 140 165 120 146 133 119 102 124
Wiepersdorf  134 149 146 212 194 227 245 246 251 242 222 208 201
Total population  766 802 919 1085 1082 1248 1399 1348 1364 1235 1171 1094 1061

Political Affiliation

The little country Bärwalde finally fell to the Electorate of Brandenburg in 1462 , but remained a Bohemian fiefdom until 1742. With the beginning of the district administration in the Mark Brandenburg, the little country Bärwalde came as an exclave to the Zauchischer Kreis . In the district reform after the Napoleonic Wars and the cession of large former Saxon areas to Prussia, the little country Bärwalde was incorporated into the new Jüterbogisch-Luckenwald district . In the district reform of 1952, this district was dissolved and the district was divided into four new districts, the districts of Luckenwalde, Jüterbog, Luckau and Zossen. The little country Bärwalde came to the Jüterbog district . After the fall of the Wall in 1990, the district was initially renamed the Jüterbog district and, in 1993, combined with the Luckenwalde and Zossen districts to form the Teltow-Fläming district. After the end of the patrimonial jurisdiction in 1849, the seven places of the little country Bärwalde became independent communities. The manor districts were initially retained. It was not until 1929 that they were united with the communities. In 1959, Kossin was incorporated into Wiepersdorf as a district. In 1962, Rinow and Weißen were incorporated into Meinsdorf and have been districts of Meinsdorf ever since. In 1979 Bärwalde was incorporated as a district after Meinsdorf.

In 1992, 12 municipalities joined together to form an administrative community, the Niederer Fläming Office . The three municipalities Herbersdorf, Meinsdorf and Wiepersdorf still remaining on the territory of the little country Bärwalde were assigned to the Niederer Fläming office by ministerial resolution. In 1997, 14 municipalities of the Niederer Fläming office merged to form the municipality of Niederer Fläming, including Meinsdorf and Wiepersdorf. In 2003 Herbersdorf was incorporated into the municipality of Niederer Fläming by law and the Niederer Fläming office was dissolved. The territory of the former little country Bärwalde now belongs entirely to the municipality of Niederer Fläming. All seven places of the former little country Bärwalde have since been part of the municipality of Niederer Fläming.

literature

  • Heinrich Berghaus : Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg und des Markgrafthums Nieder-Lausitz , Volume 1, Brandenburg 1854, pp. 609–612 ( books.google.de ) and p. 232 ( books.google.de )
  • Woldemar Lippert : Document book of the city of Lübben. III. Volume: The documents of the city and the office of Lübben, the gentlemen Zauche, Pretschen and Leuthen. Verlag of the Wilhelm and Bertha von Baensch Foundation, Dresden 1933.
  • Peter P. Rohrlach: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part X: Jüterbog-Luckenwalde. Verlag Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1992, ISBN 3-7400-0128-3
  • Peter P. Rohrlach: The little country Bärwalde. Regional historical association for the Mark Brandenburg. Mitteilungsblatt 37, 1961, pp. 241-242.
  • Stefan Pratsch: Bärwalde - A castle wakes up from its slumber (PDF; 94 kB)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Woldemar Lippert : Document book of the city of Lübben. III. Volume: The documents of the city and the office of Lübben, the gentlemen Zauche, Pretschen and Leuthen. Publisher of the Wilhelm and Bertha von Baensch Foundation, Dresden 1933, p. 131, certificate no.135.
  2. ^ A b Leopold Freiherr von Ledebur: The noble and patrician families in and around Potsdam. Communications of the Association for the History of Potsdam, 5, pp. 55–121, Potsdam 1872, p. 73
  3. ↑ a b Carsten Preuß and Hiltrud Preuß: The manor houses and manor houses in the Teltow-Fläming district. Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-86732-100-6 (pp. 146–9)