Württemberg occupation of the Breisgau in 1806

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Swabian Circle after the decisions of Pressburg, Johann Walch , Augsburg 1806
The formerly Upper Austrian Breisgau and its division after the Peace of Pressburg; yellow the demarcation line according to the Baden interpretation, red according to the Württemberg one (rough map sketch)

The Württemberg occupation of Breisgau was a regional episode during the territorial reorganization of the German southwest by Napoleon , which took place in the first two months of 1806 and was caused by completely different interpretations of Article VIII of the Peace of Pressburg by the Kingdom of Württemberg and the Electorate of Baden had. Württemberg was unable to assert its position and, with French support, Baden was able to take over the areas in the Breisgau initially occupied by Württemberg .

Text of the Peace Treaty of Pressburg

Peace of Pressburg of December 26th, 1805

VIII. Se. Majesty the Emperor of Germany and Austria does for himself, his heirs and successors, as well as for the princes of his house, their heirs and resp. Successor to subsequently named principalities, lordships, domains and areas waiver, and leaves and takes over from ...

To Se. Majesty the King of Württemberg the five so-called Danube cities, namely: Ehingen, Munderkingen, Reidlingen, Mengen and [164] Sulgau with everything that goes with it, the upper and lower counties of Hohenberg, the Landgraviate of Nellenburg, and the prefecture of Altdorf, with what ( excluding the city of Constance) is one of them; furthermore that part of the Breisgau which is included in the Württenberg region and lies to the east in a line from Schlegelberg to Molbach, and the cities of Willingen and Braunlingen with their territory.

To Se. Your highness the Elector of Baden das Breisgau, excluding the previously named and separate possessions, the Ortenau with everything that goes with it, the city of Constance and the commentary Meinau.

Demarcation line between Baden and Württemberg im Breisgau 1806

Württemberg interpretation

Württemberg interpreted the " Molbach " mentioned in the contract as the Möhlinbach , which flows into the Upper Rhine a little east of Rheinfelden . Now a line was drawn from the Schlegelsberg near Biederbach (near the Hünersedel ) to the mouth of the Möhlinbach in the Rhine. Wuerttemberg claimed all of the formerly Upper Austrian areas in the Breisgau east of this line and in January 1806 tried to create a fait accompli by military occupation of this area.

Baden interpretation

Baden interpreted the " Molbach " mentioned in the contract as the Mohlbach, a source brook of the Wildgutach near St. Märgen , which today bears the name Kohlplatzbach . According to the Baden interpretation, Württemberg was only entitled to part of the Triberg rule , while the monasteries of St. Peter , St. Märgen and St. Blasien , the two forest towns on the right bank of the Rhine, Säckingen and Waldshut , and Elzach were claimed for Baden.

The occupation of Württemberg from January 13th to February 21st, 1806

On January 13, 1806, the Württemberg military occupied St. Peter and St. Märgen. In the following days also tender and church tender . On January 18, 1806, Württemberg troops arrived at the St. Blasien monastery and put the Württemberg coat of arms on it. On January 22nd, 1806, the Württemberg takeover commission came to Waldshut. On January 25, 1806, a Württemberg infantry and cavalry command occupied Säckingen . "Württemberg also claimed the area on the Upper Rhine as far as Rheinfelden and had its troops march in here."

The Baden commission for the takeover of the Breisgau under Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Friedrich von Drais von Sauerbronn did not arrive in Freiburg until January 15th. On February 13, the Kurdish Baden military moved into the Freiburg barracks.

Upon Baden intervention, Napoleon commissioned General Clarke on January 20 to investigate and resolve the border disputes between Baden and Württemberg, with Napoleon already limiting Württemberg's share of the Breisgau to Villingen, Bräunlingen and the Triberg rule. Clarke took up his duties on February 8th, arrived in Freiburg on February 14th and, by March 3rd, laid down the border line in accordance with the Baden interpretation of the Peace Treaty of Pressburg. The Wuerttemberg delegation refused to consent and left it to the French to mark the border posts on the Wuerttemberg side.

On February 21, the Wuerttemberg residents of St. Peter, St. Märgen, Oberkirch , Simonswald and Elzach had already evacuated; the evacuation of the forest towns and the monastery of St. Blasien was in progress.

On March 10th, Clarke traveled back to Paris from Freiburg . The French General Jean Nicolas de Monard was commissioned by the French Minister of War Louis-Alexandre Berthier to handle the further settlement.

Württemberg continued the dispute, so that initially some of the rulers of the Bonndorf Empire remained occupied by France and were only handed over to Baden on September 12, 1806.

"Protocol on the plowed land handover" of April 15, 1806

The French commissioner for Breisgau and Ortenau, Jean Nicolas de Monard , told the representatives of the Electorate of Baden on April 15, 1806 that he was "... handing over the entire Breisgau with its dependencies, but the latter with the exception"
1) That part the dominion of Triberg, which is enclosed by the Württemberg possessions, and lies to the east, from a line drawn from Schlegelberg to the Mohlbach, which flows past the Hohlgraben. ...
2) The city of Villingen , its area and its dependencies.
3) The city of Breunlingen , its area and its dependencies.
5, the pins St. Blaise associated dominions 4) with the villages, and villages Meyer yards, which depend, namely
the rule Birkesdorf ,
. Grave Hausen ,
. Bettmaringen ,
. Blumegg ,
and Gutenburg
These 5 gentlemen are in the dispute between Sr. Majesty the King of Würtemberg and Sr. Kurfürstl. Your Highness of Baden, and cannot be taken possession of by either of the two courts, but remain in dispute until the agreement which, through the mediation of His Majesty the Emperor and King, is negotiated in Munich, has been decided which of the two powers these two powers Gentlemen should belong.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ s. Albert, The transition from Freiburg and the Breisgau to Baden 1806 , p. 178 and Krieger, Albert; Baden Historical Commission (Ed.): Topographical Dictionary of the Grand Duchy of Baden , Heidelberg 1904, Volume 2, Column 203 at the Heidelberg University Library
  2. ↑ s. Albert, p. 178
  3. ↑ s. Karl Rieder: The abolition of the St. Blasien monastery. Lecture given at the 8th annual meeting of the Church History Association for the Archdiocese of Freiburg, p. 7 Online (PDF) ( Memento from February 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on February 8, 2014
  4. ↑ s. Strobel (1977), p. 299
  5. ↑ s. Fridolin Jehle, Adelheid Enderle-Jehle: The history of the Säckingen monastery. Sauerländer, Aarau 1993, p. 313, ISBN 3-7941-3690-X . (Contributions to the history of Aargau, Vol. 4) doi : 10.5169 / seals-110013
  6. ↑ s. Fridolin Jehle: Defense. A local history with contributions by Erich F. Hampich and Dr. Ludwig Schnitzler , Wehr 1969, p. 200
  7. ^ AIB January 18, 1806, p. 42
  8. ^ AIB February 15, 1806, p. 108
  9. ^ Napoleon was on his way back from Munich and visited Elector Karl Friedrich in Karlsruhe in order to arrange the marriage of his adopted daughter Stephanie with Karl Friedrich's grandson and Prince Karl . See Hermann Theobald: Baden und Frankreich 1805 and 1806. Mannheim 1908, pp. 44–45 at the Düsseldorf University Library
  10. ^ AIB February 19, 1806, p. 115
  11. ↑ the exact boundary is described in the AIB of March 12, 1806, pp. 161–162
  12. ^ AIB February 22, 1806, p. 125
  13. ↑ AIB March 12, 1806, p. 164
  14. ↑ s. Albert, p. 180/181
  15. ↑ AIB No. 33 of April 23, 1806; P. 263 at the Freiburg University Library