Forest poppy

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Forest poppy
Forest poppy (Meconopsis cambrica)

Forest poppy ( Meconopsis cambrica )

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Poppy Family (Papaveraceae)
Subfamily : Papaveroideae
Genre : Poppy seed ( Meconopsis )
Type : Forest poppy
Scientific name
Meconopsis cambrica
( L. ) Vig.

The forest poppy poppy ( Meconopsis cambrica ), also called Cambrian poppy poppy and Pyrenean poppy poppy , is a species of the genus poppy poppy ( Meconopsis ) in the poppy family (Papaveraceae). It is the only species of this genus that occurs in Europe. The Welsh party Plaid Cymru uses a stylized blossom of the forest poppy as its logo.

Description and ecology

When the flower buds are opened, the protective sepals are still present

Vegetative characteristics

Habit, leaves and flower buds

The forest poppy poppy is a deciduous, perennial , herbaceous plant that reaches an average height of 30 to 50 centimeters, and in favorable locations up to 75 centimeters. A strong, thickened primary root, botanically called a beet , serves as the storage organ . The plant produces yellow milky sap . The forest poppy forms clumps . The basal leaves and one to three stem leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is up to 25 centimeters long. The pinnate blade develops a length of about 20 centimeters. The individual pinnate sections are designed upside down. In outline, the leaves show a lanceolate shape. The leaf margin is serrated.

Generative characteristics

Bloom in detail with four petals and many stamens

The flowers arise individually from the leaf axils. The flower stalk is up to 35 centimeters long.

The hermaphrodite flower is radially symmetrical with a double flower envelope. The flower diameter is 4 to 8 centimeters. The two bare, green sepals fall off quickly after opening the flower bud. The four petals have a distinctive yellow or orange color. The oval egg-shaped and hairless ovary goes into a significantly short stylus over. The four to six scars run down the tip of the stylus. Their clear curvature towards the outside is striking. In contrast to most Papaver species, no flat scar plate with radial scars is formed. The flowering period usually extends from June to July, occasionally flowering specimens have been spotted as early as May, some even in the months of August to October.

Capsule fruits and seeds

Wrinkled capsule fruits are formed. Their shape corresponds to an elliptical club. The capsule fruit is not chambered, so it only has one fruit compartment. At maturity, the number of analog form carpels at the top of the capsule fruit four to six openings through which the seed is sown in the wind. The seeds are black.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.

Distribution and locations

The forest poppy is found in the British Isles and Western Europe . In Germany, the poppy forest poppy appears as a "feral ornamental plant". Whether its occurrences are naturalized in some areas and if so since when - the year 1930 is under discussion - has not yet been conclusively clarified. This applies to rare occurrences in north-western Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, southern North Rhine-Westphalia, eastern Hesse and south-eastern Lower Saxony. The forest poppy poppy with rare populations in southern Bavaria, southern Thuringia, eastern Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein, here also on Heligoland, is unstable, i.e. disappearing again relatively quickly, but regularly reintroduced. It is already naturalized in North Rhine-Westphalia. In Austria it was spotted in the federal state of Lower Austria , in the Stodertal in Upper Austria, in the urban area of ​​Oberndorf in Salzburg and in Wagrain in the Salzburg region (Pongau). In Switzerland it occurs in the Jura .

The habitat of the forest poppy are damp, shady places and the forest. It usually grows on stony ground in the mountains. It is particularly adapted to populate gaps and crevices between rocks and stones. In its western area of ​​distribution, it is increasingly found in more open terrain with less vegetation. This enables the plant to colonize the urban environment by growing between paved stone slabs and at the foot of walls.

The poppy forest poppy is a companion species of the plant-sociological association Nitrophytic forest fringe societies ( Alliarion Oberd. ), Which belongs to the order of the nitrophytic fringe societies ( Convolvuletalia sepium R. Tx. ) Within the class of the persistent ruderal societies ( Artemisietea vulgaris Lohm ).

Systematics

It was first described as Papaver cambricum in 1753 by Carl von Linné in his work Species Plantarum . Louis Guillaume Alexandre Viguier established the initially monotypical genus Meconopsis for this species . A phylogenetic study published in 2011 by Joachim W. Kadereit , Chris D. Preston and Francisco J. Valtuena indicates that this species should be reintegrated into the genus Poppy ( Papaver ).

use

The forest-Poppy's since 1640 Culture . It is used in gardens as an ornamental plant for the sunny to partially shaded area. There are also cultivated forms, including semi-double and double varieties, such as the double variety Meconopsis cambrica 'Plena'. or 'Muriel Brown', a double variety with orange flowers. 'Aurantiaca' is an orange-flowered variety and 'Flore-Pleno' is a semi-double yellow-flowered variety.

supporting documents

literature

  • Eckehart J. Jäger (ed.): Excursion flora from Germany. Vascular plants: baseline . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 20th, revised and expanded edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 .
  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 , pp. 154-161 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 , pp. 154-161 .
  2. ↑ Plaid image change ʹa new startʹ BBC News of February 24, 2006 (English)
  3. ↑ Naturschutzbund Deutschland eV - NABU: Plant list for tree grates. P. 3. ( PDF file , accessed January 15, 2012)
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Meconopsis cambrica (L.) Vig., 1814 on Tela Botanica .
  5. ↑ a b c d F. Wolfgang Bomble, Armin Jagel: Papaver - Mohnarten in North Rhine-Westphalia. Yearbook of the Bochum Botanical Association. Volume 7, 2016, pp. 237–266 ( PDF 8 MB)
  6. ↑ a b c Eckehart J. Jäger (Ed.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Vascular plants: baseline . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 20th, revised and expanded edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 .
  7. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 427.
  8. ↑ Meconopsis cambrica  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in: Flora von Deutschland - A picture database by Michael Hassler and Bernd Schmitt on the website of the University of Karlsruhe@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de  
  9. ↑ K. Adolphi, P. Keil. GH Loos, H. Sumser: Brief notes on the occurrence of the poppy family Macleaya spec., Meconopsis cambrica and Papaver atlanticum. Floristic circulars (Bochum) Vol. 38, 2004, pp. 39–37.
  10. ↑ Armin Jagel, C. Buch: Observations on some neophytes in the Bochum area (Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia). Floristic circulars (Bochum) Volume 44, 2011, pp. 44–59.
  11. ↑ a b Remarkable floristic finds from Vienna, Lower Austria, Burgenland and Styria , Part III, pp. 18 and 19, PDF file.
  12. ^ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum Volume 1, 1st edition, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 508 (online) .
  13. ^ LG A Viguier: Histoire naturelle, médicale et économique des Pavots et des Argémones . J. Martelaine, Montpellier 1814, pp. 48-49, Fig. 3 (online) .
  14. ↑ Joachim W. Kadereit, Chris D. Preston, Francisco J. Valtuena: Is Welsh poppy, Meconopsis cambrica (L.) Vig. (Papaveraceae), truly a Meconopsis? In: New Journal of Botany . Volume 1, Number 2, 2011, pp. 80-87, DOI: 10.1179 / 204234811X13194453002742 .
  15. ↑ Double poppy poppy (Meconopsis cambrica 'Plena')
  16. ^ Joseph Hudak: Gardening with perennials month by month , Timber Press, 1993, ISBN 978-0881922646 , p. 174 Online
  17. ↑ GARDENING / The beds that we most desire: Gardeners try to create their own visions of nature perfected, but find that plants have other ideas. These schemes show you how to turn dismal grass into a flowery meadow, transform a stony patch without back-breaking work, or luxuriate among heady scents in: The Independent of March 27, 1994

further reading

  • Fritz Köhlein: Poppy seeds and poppy seeds. Papaver, Meconopsis and other Papaveraceae , Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2003. ISBN 3-8001-3921-9

Web links

Commons : Forest poppy ( Meconopsis cambrica )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files