Murals in Hamburg state buildings

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The wise and the foolish virgins (detail), mural by Anita Rée in the Uferstrasse school

24 Murals in Hamburg State Buildings was a program of the commission for the support of visual artists from 1925 to 1928 and subsequently the Senate commission for art preservation from 1928 to 1933 in Hamburg . It was created under the leadership of the chief building director Fritz Schumacher as part of the targeted promotion of artists , in particular from the Hamburg Secession , and provided for public buildings to be equipped with contemporary art . Schumacher formulated the goal of “awakening an activity that firmly connects the work of art with active life”, especially for the mass living quarters that were newly created at that time . The tradition of wall and fresco painting was to be revived and at the same time in connection with the functional architecture of the 1920s "dare to take the liberty of inserting a mural into the economy of these coloristic systems."

The commissions

The commission for the support of visual artists from 1925 consisted of the mayor Carl Wilhelm Petersen , the senators Emil Krause and Paul de Chapeaurouge , the president of the citizenry Rudolf Roß , the director of the art gallery Gustav Pauli and the director of the museum for art and trade Max Sauerlandt as well Fritz Schumacher for the building authorities. In 1928 it was dissolved and its tasks, including the program of murals, were transferred to the Commission for Art Care , which was subordinate to the Senate . Staff remained almost the same, but the museum directors only had the function of expert advisors and the committee was supplemented by Senator Walter Matthaei and the Councilors of State Leo Lippmann as a representative of the tax authorities and Alexander Zinn as managing director.

The murals

Between 1925 and 1931, the commission commissioned a total of 16 artists with the creation of 24 murals in public buildings, mainly newly built school buildings. Almost all of these were buildings by Fritz Schumacher. The program provided for the task of looking after painters who had little or no experience in mural painting, first of all looking for the artists who were worthy of support and only then for the task that was to be assigned to them. As a rule, the shell of the new buildings selected for this project should be finished to such an extent that painters could work in them, but could still determine the ancillary work such as plastering and color design themselves. The artists also chose the suitable wall surfaces themselves. In a paper published about the project in 1932, Schumacher reports on the experience that not once was a relationship sought between the amount of funds available and the size of the task undertaken. The painters wanted to design large walls even on a low budget.

Many of the wall paintings met with incomprehension and criticism from the users of the rooms even after completion. After the National Socialists came to power in 1933, the first murals were denounced as "Jewish-Bolshevik" presumption or as "degenerate" . In the years that followed, most of the paintings were destroyed or painted over; five of them could be exposed and restored.

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Kurt Löwengard: Workers in the Port of Hamburg
Triptych in the Schlankreye Business School, 1929

List of murals

Artist, title Building, address date annotation
Eduard Bargheer (1901–1979)
 Finkenwerder water tower 1928 twelve murals, destroyed by the demolition of the tower before the Second World War
Eduard Bargheer (1901–1979)
 Gorch-Fock-Halle, Finkenwerder 1929/1930 two murals; Painted over during the Nazi regime, restored around 1980
Wilhelm Danneboom
(1894 - date of death unknown) 		Alsterdorfer Anstalten , Alsterdorf 1921-1931 six pictures with religious motifs in the assembly room; Danneboom had already started the work in 1921 and was able to complete it with the support of the Commission.
Willem Grimm (1904–1986)
 Amalie-Dietrichs-Weg
primary school , today the Lämmersieth school, Barmbek-Nord 		1930 Mural over the door of the gym, motif: gym equipment; in the era of National Socialism destroyed
Willem Grimm (1904–1986)
 School at the leasehold, Horn 1931 Mural with beach motif in the gym; in the era of National Socialism destroyed
Erich Hartmann (1886–1974)
 Fuhlsbüttel
primary school , today Ratsmühlendamm primary school, Fuhlsbüttel 		1926 Mural with the motif of a group of figures in the gym; this was the first order of the program; Destroyed in 1933
Erich Hartmann (1886–1974)
 Student house at Neue Rabenstrasse 13,
today the Musicological Institute of the University of Hamburg , Rotherbaum 		1928 three murals in the hall of the house: teaching, sport, studies; Painted over in 1933
Erich Hartmann (1886–1974)
 School at the leasehold, Horn 1931 Depiction of ball players in the gym, destroyed in 1933
Eduard Hopf (1901–1973)
Nudes in Nature 		Vocational school Uferstrasse
today Vocational school Uferstrasse , Uferstrasse 9 in Barmbek-Süd 		1929 Mural in the school's youth home; destroyed in the time of National Socialism
Eduard Hopf (1901–1973)
Nudes outdoors 		Veddel elementary school,
today Slomanstieg School, Veddel 		1931/1932 Mural in the hallway; destroyed in the time of National Socialism
Jean Paul Kayser (1869–1942)
Elbe near Cuxhaven 		Veddel elementary school,
today Slomanstieg School, Veddel 		around 1930 Mural in the stairwell of the school
Karl Kluth (1898–1972)
young people playing sports 		Alstertal school,
today Alstertal high school in Fuhlsbüttel 		1930 four-part picture in the stairwell. Restored in 2017
Karl Kluth (1898–1972)
joie de vivre 		Graudenzer Weg
primary school , today Alter Teichweg comprehensive school in Dulsberg 		1931 at the front of the hallway of the school, destroyed in the Nazi era
Fritz Kronenberg (1901–1960)
estuary with a boat 		Primary school Osterbeckstrasse,
today labor court, Barmbek-Süd 		1931 Mural in the auditorium, destroyed during the Nazi era
Kurt Löwengard (1895–1940)
worker in the port of Hamburg 		Business school Schlankreye, youth home
today residential building Schlankreye 13, Eimsbüttel 		1929 Triptych on canvas in the school's youth home
Rolf Nesch (1893–1975)
change of shift 		Wendenstrasse elementary school,
today Wendenstrasse commercial school, Hammerbrook 		1929 Triptych in the school auditorium
Anita Rée (1885–1933)
The wise and the foolish virgins 		Vocational school for female employees,
today Vocational School Uferstrasse , Uferstrasse 10 in Barmbek-Süd 		1929 Mural in a school lounge; Imposed in 1933, the house destroyed in the war in 1942
Anita Rée (1885–1933)
Orpheus with the animals 		Higher girls' school in Caspar-Voght-Strasse,
today the Fokine-Studio of the ballet school of the Hamburg Ballet in Hamm 		1930 Painted over in 1937, exposed in 1954, restored from 1987 to 1989; the picture has been a listed building since 1954
Heinrich Stegemann (1888–1945)
Women's and men's files 		Elementary school on Bogenstrasse,
today Ida-Ehre-Schule in Eimsbüttel 		1931 Fresco, first imposed during the National Socialist era, then painted over, exposed and restored around 1960
Walther Tanck (1894–1954)
 Old Town Hall (orphanage), Admiralitätsstrasse 56, Neustadt 1929-1931 five murals with Hamburg motifs in the meeting room, destroyed in the war with the house
Otto Thämer (1892–1975) untitled (
man and horse) 		School Langenhorn-Nord,
today the Fritz Schumacher School in Langenhorn 		1931 Mural in the school gymnasium
Otto Thämer (1892–1975) untitled
(groups of people) 		Schaudinnsweg primary school, today Barmbek district school, in Barmbek-Nord 1931 two-part mural
Otto Thämer (1892–1975) untitled
(athlete) 		Veddel elementary school,
today Slomanstieg School, Veddel 		1931 Mural in the gym
Otto Thämer (1892–1975)
Plato 		Christianeum 1936 Mural in the auditorium of the second institution building; destroyed by building demolition in 1971
Gretchen Wohlwill (1878–1962)
 Emilie Wüstenfeld School ,
today Emilie-Wüstenfeld-Gymnasium, Eimsbüttel 		1931 two murals in the stairwell, painted over in 1938, exposed again in 1993 and restored

literature

  • Ivan Baresic-Nikic: Art in Public Space - Politics in the Hanseatic City of Hamburg: Origin and Development of the "Art in Public Space" program in the area of ​​tension between artistic freedom and political claim , Conference Point-Verlag, Hamburg 2008, ISBN 3-9364- 0621-9
  • Maike Bruhns : Art in Crisis. Volume 1: Hamburg Art in the “Third Reich” , Dölling and Galitz Verlag, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-933374-94-4
  • Fritz Schumacher: Hamburger Staatliche Kunstpflege: 24 murals in Hamburg state buildings , Broschek Verlag, Hamburg 1932

Web links

Commons : Murals in Hamburg State Buildings  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Fritz Schumacher: Hamburger Staatliche Kunstpflege: 24 murals in Hamburg state buildings , Broschek Verlag, Hamburg 1932, p. 4
  2. ^ Fritz Schumacher: Hamburger Staatliche Kunstpflege: 24 murals in Hamburg state buildings , Broschek Verlag, Hamburg 1932, p. 5
  3. ↑ Stefanie Kristina Werner: Erich Hartmann (1886-1974). Life and work of a Hamburg painter , dissertation 2011, p. 93-99, p. 130 (PDF; 1.7 MB)
  4. ↑ Stefanie Kristina Werner: Erich Hartmann (1886-1974). Life and work of a Hamburg painter , dissertation 2011, p. 113-115, p. 130 (PDF; 1.7 MB)
  5. ↑ Stefanie Kristina Werner: Erich Hartmann (1886-1974). Life and work of a Hamburg painter , dissertation 2011, p. 113-115, p. 130 (PDF; 1.7 MB)
  6. ↑ www.mural.ch: Murals
  7. ↑ Prize for Monument Preservation 2018 of the Patriotic Society, Hamburg 2018, p. 24f
  8. ^ Photos of the Alstertal School by Carl Dransfeld, 1930
  9. ^ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: Kurt Löwengard
  10. ↑ www.mural.ch murals
  11. ^ Photo archive of the Christianeum No. 103/2 and 103/4
  12. ^ Memorials in Hamburg: Memorial plaque for the Jewish teachers Martha Behrend and Gretchen Wohlwill