LWL Clinic Dortmund
The LWL Clinic Dortmund for Psychiatry , Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (before March 2007 Westphalian Clinic Dortmund for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Westphalian Clinic Dortmund) is, in addition to the LWL Clinic Dortmund -Elisabeth-Klinik, which also belongs to the LWL ( Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe ) - for child and adolescent psychiatry and the Wilfried Rasch Clinic for the penal system one of the psychiatric facilities in the Dortmund district of Aplerbeck . It is also an academic teaching hospital and a university clinic for psychosomatics and psychotherapeutic medicine at the Ruhr University in Bochum .
history
In the 19th century the French Reformed psychiatrist Philippe Pinel the psychiatry , he took the mentally ill the shackles and ensured the recognition of psychiatry as an independent field of medicine. Nevertheless, the transition from locking the insane in madhouses or penitentiaries to treating the sick in sanatoriums was fluid. There were also great class differences. Treatment in a sanatorium could only be afforded by well-to-do sections of the population. The others were kept in poor or workers' houses or within the family. Only 25% of people considered mentally ill could be treated in a psychiatric clinic in 1871 . When the Aplerbecker Clinic was planned in 1890 , there were therapy places for around 50,000 people in German psychiatric clinics. By the beginning of the First World War , the number rose to approx. 240,000.
Erection of the buildings
The Prussian Provincial Parliament decided in 1890 to build a new institute. Since most of the people considered sick came from the Ruhr area, the new clinic was to be built nearby, especially since the other provincial institutions were relatively far away. In 1891 a farm of about 50 hectares was bought for 195,000 marks near Reichsstrasse 1 (today B1 ) in Aplerbeck. As early as 1903, the existing area could be expanded by 10 hectares. The buildings were built in two phases. First, the expansion of the existing stables and barns began, as the clinic's concept also included the employment of the sick in agriculture . This was followed by the construction of the hospital building, an administration, residential buildings for the nursing staff, the director and an inspector. In addition, farm buildings with a large kitchen, machine house, laundry, bathing establishment and a ballroom were built, as well as a covered bowling alley, a craftsman's house with workshops for carpentry , tailoring , shoemaking , painting and a morgue with a section.
The infrastructural development of the psychiatry in Aplerbeck could be improved by having its own rail connection to a colliery railway. The weekly coal deliveries were then delivered directly to the hospital premises via a small field train . The Westfälische Provinzial-Heilanstalt Aplerbeck was designed for approx. 660 patients. There were also some rooms for family members. No dormitory was allowed to have more than 12 beds. In 1927 a hospital building was built on the site .
Approach to treatment
The concept at the time when psychiatry was founded was based on the open principle of treatment, treatment without mechanical constraint. This was true of the quiet sick. Isolation cells on the wards were later converted into cloakrooms or equipment rooms; only a few were used for isolation. Straitjackets were never used for treatment. Therapy methods were continuous baths, malaria treatments , electroconvulsive therapy , wraps, insulin shock therapy , dawning sleep and Cardiazolkrampftherapie . In addition to bed treatment, the treatment also included work therapy in the workshops or in agriculture and gardening . According to the patient's personal inclination and as a remedy, the patients could be assigned work for which they received a small payment or in kind such as tobacco or beer. The patients could pursue additional activities in their free time. In addition to walks in the park, excursions were organized and there were music groups. Permanent teachers also gave school lessons. There were also dance and gymnastics groups and handicraft groups. Radios were introduced and the institution library was also built. The bedrooms and common rooms were decorated with flowers and pictures.
The men were looked after by "guards", later called "nurses", the women by deaconesses. From 1925 they had to complete a two-year training course. Before that, the nursing staff acquired their knowledge through practical work or was instructed in courses by doctors. The pay was bad, according to the philosophy of the "provincial insane asylums", payment according to "God's wages" was considered an ideal. Caregivers and deaconesses shared the lives of the sick. They lived and slept on the wards.
The First World War
In the years of the First World War , 224 soldiers and 28 prisoners of war were treated by the end of the war . The term "war hysteria" was used to describe the illness of soldiers and prisoners of war. The aim of the treatment was the quick recovery of the soldiers so that they could return to the front. From 1915, food was rationed due to the war. 45,000 patients starved to death in the Prussian institutions. In Aplerbeck, too, caring for the sick became very difficult. To make coming influenza - epidemics the years 1918 to 1920 ( Spanish Flu added). After the war the situation remained difficult with the onset of the global economic crisis .
The time of National Socialism
During the Nazi era atrocities took place in the Aplerbecker psychiatry. Approximately 340 forced sterilizations were carried out. In addition, on July 1, 1941, as part of " Aktion T4 ", 95 patients were first brought to Herborn , then to the Nazi killing center at Hadamar , after being selected and murdered there within a few days. Other 77 patients were from Aplerbeck to the July 24, 1941 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Eichberg deported . A temporary euthanasia freeze was issued before the transport to Hadamar. This can also be traced back to the sermons of the Münster bishop and cardinal Clemens August Graf von Galen held in July and August . This only spared the lives of the sick temporarily. Most died of starvation or illness in the following years. Only two of the previously deported patients survived the war. In the “ children's department ”, which was moved from Marsberg to Aplerbeck in 1941 , 229 children were also killed. Paul Pohlmann, then director of Aplerbeck Psychiatry, resigned from his position in 1941 in protest against the establishment of the children's department. Today a memorial , created by the Dortmund artist Antje Kietzmann, in the clinic's park commemorates the victims.
the post war period
Even during the war, the Dortmund Municipal Clinics used part of the building as a hospital . After the end of the war, the occupying powers confiscated 14 more houses for their sick. Russians , Poles , Serbs and Italians were housed there. A Soviet military hospital found accommodation in the hospital building of the clinic. These houses were released in 1947. The municipal clinics of the city of Dortmund used another 10 houses until 1950, when these were also available again. The operation of the psychiatric clinic normalized in the period that followed. The children's department was dissolved in 1948. At the end of the 1970s, the farm was given up. Since then, food has been bought in externally.
After two world wars, many repairs, renovations and alterations were made to the structural substance. Some houses had to be demolished. In order to solve the capacity problems - of the 1,600 existing beds, an average of 1,580 were occupied in the 1970s - additional houses were built. In August 1973, a social center with a ballroom, in which also sports is practiced, swimming pool, bowling alley, hairdresser and restaurant was opened on the edge of the park. Patients, relatives and the general public have the opportunity to meet each other here. In addition, a clinic developed based on new forms of therapy. In 1974 a high-rise building with 356 beds was built to accommodate the new forms of treatment. A church followed in 1976.
Since the 1990s, people who are considered to be chronically mentally ill or mentally handicapped have increasingly been accommodated in residential groups outside the clinic premises and cared for on an outpatient basis .
Clinic operation today
New areas have been and will be set up in the clinic:
-
General psychiatry : Crises in stressful life events, suicidal crises , depressive illnesses , manias , psychotic disorders , anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders as well as behavior and personality disorders are treated in two closed and six open wards, a day clinic and the institute's outpatient clinic . There is also a mother-and-child outpatient clinic for postpartum mentally ill mothers.
The therapeutic approach is multimodal and includes pharmacotherapy , behavioral, depth psychological and family therapeutic psychotherapy, sociotherapy (shaping everyday life) and social work , psychoeducation , self-confidence training, relaxation methods, sports and movement therapy, occupational and art therapy , dance therapy and work training. Psycho-education for relatives is also offered. There are separate training groups for anxious patients. - Psychosomatic and psychotherapy : The treatments are carried out on two stations across the spectrum of psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy using a psychodynamic and behavioral approach and include individual psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, disorder-specific group psychotherapy, psychoeducation, art therapy , concentrative movement therapy, occupational therapy, counseling for social workers. The family or partner are included in the treatment. The department is an academic teaching hospital and university clinic of the Ruhr University Bochum . Specialized treatment concepts for anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorders, pain disorders, eating disorders , disorders of disease processing , personality disorders as well as for depressive disorders are offered. The department cooperates with the student advisory service of the Technical University of Dortmund and with the Klinikum Dortmund gGmbH in the field of psychodiabetology and consultation services. Newly established service offers include psychosomatic care for top athletes at the Dortmund Olympic base and the psychotraumatological outpatient clinic .
-
Gerontopsychiatry : Patients from the age of 60 are treated in the Gerontopsychiatry department. The illnesses treated here include severe depression, acute psychotic phenomena with delusional misjudgment, states of confusion of unclear origin, states of restlessness or reversal of the day-night rhythm in dementia diseases, and withdrawal symptoms in secondary addictions.
Therapy is carried out using pharmacotherapy, individual and group discussions, psychotherapy, art therapy, occupational therapy, social work, orientation and brain performance training, physiotherapy , relaxation exercises, balneotherapy , “ Snoezelen ”, light therapy , psychoeducation and sociotherapeutic offers. A day clinic and the memory consultation within a steadily growing outpatient clinic complete the inpatient offer of three wards. One ward specializes in the treatment of depression in old age. There is a cooperation with the city of Dortmund in the dementia service center (model project of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia ). -
Addiction medicine : This department treats patients with alcohol addiction , drug addiction and drug addiction (illegal drugs ). The treatment of alcohol / drug addicts as well as those dependent on illegal drugs takes place in separate wards.
The therapy includes individual and group therapy, group psychotherapy, group care , social work, exercise therapy, occupational therapy, psychoeducation z. B. on health behavior. A comprehensive laboratory check for hepatitis C serology and syphilis prophylaxis is offered. Even with the self-help groups and facilities of addiction care in the region is closely cooperating. Inpatient acute treatment includes crisis intervention for emergency treatment as well as the therapeutic concept of qualified acute treatment (withdrawal), which includes more far-reaching and motivational addiction medical treatment goals. Medium and long-term treatment offers for hospital treatment of chronically and multiply injured addicts as well as medical rehabilitation and depth psychological and behavioral psychotherapy follow. - A care center with day care for seniors with mental illnesses and 78 single rooms was opened on January 11, 2011. Previously there was a staff dormitory at this location. The new care center has been given the name Am Apfelbach , which is intended to remind of Aplerbeck's name tradition.
In 2006, 6,622 inpatients and 11,834 outpatients were treated by 71 doctors and 261 nurses. As of December 31, 2006, the clinic had 536 beds.
In 2008, 7,137 inpatients and 13,747 outpatients were treated by 78 doctors and 265 nurses. As of December 31, 2008, the clinic had 556 beds.
As a place of relaxation and recreation for patients, relatives and residents of the region, the large and spacious park of the clinic with its old trees is very much appreciated. For decades, this park was cared for by patients as part of occupational therapy.
The name over time
- 1890–1904 Provincial = mad = Aplerbeck institute
- 1904–1954 Aplerbeck Provincial Sanatorium
- 1954–1961 Landesheilanstalt Aplerbeck
- 1961–1969 Westfälisches Landeskrankenhaus Dortmund
- 1969–1979 Westfälisches Landeskrankenhaus Dortmund, specialist hospital for psychiatry
- 1979–1987 Westfälisches Landeskrankenhaus Dortmund, special hospital for psychiatry, clinic at the Ruhr University Bochum, academic teaching hospital
- 1987–1989 Westphalian Clinic for Psychiatry Dortmund, Clinic at the Ruhr University Bochum, Academic Teaching Hospital
- 1989–2007 Westphalian Clinic for Psychiatry Dortmund, Academic Teaching Hospital
- since 2007 LWL Clinic Dortmund
Directors and Medical Directors of the Clinic
- 1895–1924 Gerhard Backenköhler
- 1924–1941 Paul Pohlmann
- 1941–1945 Fritz Wernicke
- 1945–1946 Heinrich Cordes
- 1946–1948 Enno Herzfeld
- 1948–1972 Hans Hundt
- 1972–1986 Wolfgang Leonhardt
- 1986-2002 Paul L. Janssen
- 2002–2010 Ulrich Sprick
- 2011 Gerhard Reymann (acting)
- since 2012 Hans-Jörg Assion
See also
literature
- History and stories, 1895 to 1995, published by the management of the Westphalian Clinic for Psychiatry Dortmund 1995
- Unworthy of life. The Aplerbeck sanatorium and its sick people during National Socialism: Uwe Bitzel, Montania Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Dortmund 1995, ISBN 3-929236-04-4
swell
Web links
Coordinates: 51 ° 30 ′ 22 ″ N , 7 ° 32 ′ 50 ″ E