Forest brine

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Forest brine
Bromus ramosus IP0706072.JPG

Wood bromus ( bromus ramosus )

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Genre : Bristles
Type : Forest brine
Scientific name
Bromus ramosus
Huds.

The Forest Trespe ( Bromus ramosus ), also more precisely called Late Forest Trespe , Oatgrass , Wild Oats or Wild Forest Trespe , is a richly shaped plant species from the genus Trespen ( Bromus ) within the sweet grass family (Poaceae).

description

Forest brems are perennial herbaceous plants that reach heights of 50 to 150, sometimes up to 190 centimeters. They grow in small clumps . The thin, hairy and upright stalks have three to five nodes (nodes). The leaf sheaths are usually closed, the upper ones densely and long hairy (3 to 4 millimeters) and have short, pointed ears . The approximately 1 to 3 millimeter long ligules are finely serrated and membranous. The dark green leaf blades have a length of 10 to 60 centimeters and a width of 6 to 16 millimeters, are finely pointed, flat, little hairy or almost bald, slightly rough and drooping.

The flowering period is between June and August. The loose, open, purple or green panicle inflorescences are very large with a length of 15 to 45 centimeters. The rough panicle branches usually stand out in pairs and are arranged alternately on the opposite sides of the square axis. The lowest branches are almost in pairs and are almost the same length. In the end they are overhanging on all sides and carry up to nine spikelets . The four- to twelve-flowered spikelets are 2 to 4 inches long, 4 to 6 millimeters wide, narrowed at the front and compressed. The ovate to elongated lemma is rounded on the back and three-nerved. At the top it has a 4 to 8 millimeter long awn . But this is shorter than the husks .

Distribution and location

Bromus ramosus is common in almost all of Europe with the exception of Scandinavia and parts of the Iberian Peninsula . Bromus benekenii is significantly rarer and occurs in the temperate continental climates of Europe, parts of Asia and North Africa. The distribution area of Bromus benekenii covers northwest Africa and extends from Europe to northwest China. The distribution area of Bromus ramosus in the narrower sense, on the other hand, extends from Europe to Iran and from Tibet to the Indian subcontinent.

Bromus ramosus subsp. ramosus rises in the Allgäu Alps in Vorarlberg at the middle station of the cable car on Diedamskopf up to 1500 meters above sea level.

Forest brems prefer to grow in humus-rich , shady deciduous and coniferous forests, preferably in beech forests , as well as in bushes on often shallow limestone soils , nutrient-rich and base-rich, moderately acidic and loose loam and clay soils ( cheesecloth ).

Systematics

The first publication of Bromus ramosus was in 1762 by William Hudson .

Some authors differentiated between two subspecies ( Bromus ramosus subsp. Ramosus ) and ( Bromus ramosus subsp. Benekenii ). They are also called a separate species, Bromus ramosus Huds. (Allseitswendige Wald-Trespe) and Bromus benekenii (Lange) Trimen , ( Early Wald-Trespe , Einseitswendige Wald-Trespe or Raue Wald-Trespe).

Bromus benekenii or Bromus ramosus subsp. benekenii is distinguished by a bald or only very finely haired upper leaf sheath. The ligule is shorter, the leaves are narrower, the panicles are contracted and only one-sided. The panicle branches have fewer spikelets. The spikelets are smaller and contain fewer flowers. The number of chromosomes in Bromus benekenii is 2n = 28, while that of Bromus ramosus is 2n = 42.

literature

  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • CE Hubbard: Grasses - Description, Distribution, Uses. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1985. ISBN 3-8001-2537-4
  • Erich Oberdorfer: Plant-sociological excursion flora. With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Bromus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  2. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 200.
  3. ↑ Bromus benekenii (Lange) Trimen, Early Forest Trespe. In: FloraWeb.de.
  4. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 205.

Web links

Commons : Forest Brisket ( Bromus ramosus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files