Wilhelm Gumppenberg

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Wilhelm Gumppenberg (born July 17, 1609 in Munich , † May 8, 1675 in Innsbruck ) was a Jesuit and theologian from Bavaria . He was best known for his Atlas Marianus .

Life

Wilhelm Gumppenberg, offspring of a lower Bavarian aristocratic family, was born on July 17, 1609 in Munich as the son of a chamberlain . In 1624 he graduated from the Jesuit high school in Munich (today Wilhelmsgymnasium Munich ) and began the compulsory basic course (= philosophy) at the University of Ingolstadt , but joined the Society of Jesus (Societas Jesu) in April 1625 and studied in Landsberg from 1625 to 1633 , afterwards until 1640 in Rome . In the following years his activities as a preacher took him to Ingolstadt (1640–1643), Regensburg (1643–1646), Freiburg in Switzerland (1646–1649), Freiburg im Breisgau (1649–1650), Trient (1650–1656) , Augsburg (1656–1658), Dillingen (1658–1660) and Innsbruck (1660–1662). In 1662 he was sent to Rome, where he worked for four years as a penitentiary for the German-speaking pilgrims at the Basilica of St. Peter , before returning to Bavaria in 1666. Wilhelm Gumppenberg died at the age of 66 on May 8, 1675 in Innsbruck.

plant

Wilhelm Gumppenberg is the author of a repertory of the Roman pilgrimage churches for pilgrims and a collection of meditations on the life of Christ ; However, his name remains primarily associated with the Atlas Marianus , an inventory of miraculous images of the Virgin Mary , to which he dedicated more than twenty years of his life.

On the creation of the Atlas Marianus

In 1650, Wilhelm Gumppenberg, who was then active in Trento, reported to his authorities about his plan to draw up an inventory of miraculous images of the Virgin. His project belongs to the genre of sacred topography, which has the task of listing and describing places of pilgrimage and sites that house relics and miraculous images. The Atlas Marianus, however, is distinguished from other works of sacred topography by its geographical extent. While one usually limited oneself to a geographically clearly delimited area (a city, a province, a kingdom), Gumppenberg had the claim to present his readership with a complete inventory of all worldwide existing miraculous images of Mary. To this end, he turned to the entire Society of Jesus with a request for their cooperation: in 1655 he published the Idea Atlantis Mariani , a description of the future work, which was at the same time a call for cooperation and 600 copies were sent to the rectors of the Jesuit colleges . The response to this initiative was very different in the various regions, but Gumppenberg's network of informants continued to expand and by the end of 1660 included more than 270 correspondents. The extent of the task and the material difficulties associated with it prompted Gumppenberg to publish a preliminary version of his work as a first step; This was published in Latin and German at the same time between 1657 and 1659 and contains a total of 100 miraculous images of the Virgin Mary with the accompanying comments. The final version, which in turn has 1200 descriptions in Latin, was finally published in 1672.

On the essence and function of the Atlas Marianus

In accordance with the rules of sacred topography, the Atlas Marianus, in both its short and its long version, presents itself as a series of commentaries in which, for each of the miraculous images, it is reported more or less in detail how and where it appeared, what miracles it did accomplished and what kind of veneration is given to him. The apparent simplicity of the message and the repetitive character of the work should not, however, obscure the fact that it is actually a complex company that pursues several goals, as the different versions each address a very specific readership. On the one hand, the Atlas Marianus is an instrument that is used against the Protestants , in that it justifies the worship of sacred images with reference to the numerous miracles that were performed by the images of Mary. But it is also a book of devotion , which spreads a whole panorama of pilgrimage sites in front of the Catholic readers . This is particularly clear in the short version, in which each text is accompanied by an image of the respective miraculous image of Mary. The function of these images is not simply illustrative; Rather, their purpose is to become objects of veneration for their part, which enable the reader to make a mental pilgrimage to the most diverse places, which he would never have the opportunity to do in real life. The long version of the atlas, written in Latin, is intended for a learned audience of theologians , preachers and teachers . For them, Gumppenberg wrote an extremely perfected system of references of almost 200 pages in which he combined the most diverse criteria: places and times of the discovery of the pictures, name and occupation of the discoverer, materials from which the pictures were created, etc. With this he made the atlas an instrument of a real science of the supernatural, with which on the one hand the attacks of the Protestants were countered and on the other hand the criticisms of the contemporary natural philosophers , who tried to downplay the hypothesis of a direct intervention of God on earth, if not to reject it.

Aftermath of Atlas Marianus

The extraordinary size of the inventory , the geographical range and the rich documentation meant that the Atlas Marianus was not only published several times, but was also translated into different languages ​​and gave rise to various adaptations. First of all, there is a German translation of the long version (1673), adaptations and translations into Hungarian (1690) and Czech (1704) as well as a shortened re-edition of the long German version (1717). In the first half of the 19th century, the Italian clergyman Agostino Zanella Gumppenberg resumed his work; from 1839 to 1847 he published a new twelve-volume version of the atlas , in which he added a number of new miraculous images to the original corpus, most of which came from Italy. In France, Abbot Jean-Jacques Bourassé supplemented his mariological summa (1862–1866) by including the first 300 texts of the Latin 1672 version of Gumppenberg's Atlas in his work. Finally, a critical edition of the short version of the Atlas Marianus was published recently (2015) , which contains the German original text and a French translation.

Works

  • Idea Atlantis Mariani de Imaginibus miraculosis BV Mariae . Carlo Zanetti, Trento 1655.
  • Atlas Marianus sive de Imaginibus Deiparae per Orbem Christianum Miraculosis, auctore Guilielmo Gumppenberg . 4 volumes. 1657–1659 (Volume I-II Georg Henlin, Ingolstadt and Lucas Straub, Munich. Volume III-IV Johann Ostermeyer, Ingolstadt).
  • Marian Atlas: that is miraculous mariabilder so all over the Christian world with miraculous fences covered by Guilielmum Gumppenberg . 4 volumes. 1657–1659 (Volume I-II Georg Haenlin, Ingolstadt, Lucas Straub, Munich and Johann Jaecklin, Munich. Volume III-IV Johann Jaecklin, Munich).
  • Sedici pellegrinaggi per le 365 chiese di Roma. Egidio Ghezzi, Rome 1665.
  • Atlas Marianus, quo sanctae Dei genitricis Mariae imaginum miraculosarum origines duodecim historiarum centuriis explicantur. Johann Jaecklin, Munich 1672.
  • Iesus vir dolorum Mariae matris dolorosae filius. Hermann von Gelder, Munich 1672.
  • L'Atlas Marianus de Wilhelm Gumppenberg. Édition et traduction , ed. by Nicolas Balzamo, Olivier Christin and Fabrice Flückiger. Alphil, Neuchâtel, Alphil 2015. Publisher's website

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Leitschuh, Max: The matriculations of the upper classes of the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich , 4 vols., Munich 1970–1976; Vol. 1, p. 44
  2. ↑ Nicolas Balzamo, Olivier Christin, Fabrice Flückiger: L'Atlas Marianus de Wilhelm Gumppenberg. Edition et traduction . Alphil, Neuchâtel 2015, p. 29 .
  3. ^ Wilhelm Gumppenberg: Sedici pellegrinaggi per le 365 chiese di Roma . Egidio Ghezzi, Rome 1665.
  4. ^ Wilhelm Gumppenberg: Iesus vir dolorum Mariae matris dolorosae filius . Hermann von Gelder, Munich 1672.
  5. ^ Wilhelm Gumppenberg: Idea Atlantis Mariani de Imaginibus miraculosis BV Mariae . Carlo Zanetti, Trento 1655.
  6. ↑ The first two volumes of the Latin short version ( Atlas Marianus sive de Imaginibus Deiparae per Orbem Christianum - Miraculosis, auctore Guilielmo Gumppenberg ) appeared in 1657 by Georg Haenlin in Ingolstadt and Lucas Straub in Munich. Volumes III and IV were published by Johann Ostermeyer in Ingolstadt in 1659. The German version ( Marian Atlas: that is miraculous mariabilder so all over the Christian world with miraculous teeth berhuembt by Guilielmum Gumppenberg ) followed the same model: Volumes I and II published in 1657 by Georg Haenlin in Ingolstadt and Lucas Straub in Munich, Volumes III et IV 1659 with Johann Jaecklin in Munich.
  7. ^ Wilhelm Gumppenberg: Atlas Marianus, quo sanctae Dei genitricis Mariae imaginum miraculosarum origines duodecim historiarum centuriis explicantur . Johann Jecklin, Munich 1672.
  8. ↑ Olivier Christin, Fabrice Flückiger, Naïma Ghermani (eds.): Marie mondialisée. L'Atlas Marianus de Wilhelm Gumppenberg et les topographies sacrées de l'époque modern . Alphil, Neuchâtel 2014, introduction, p. 9-23 .
  9. ↑ Marian Atlas: from the beginning and origins Twelve hundred miraculous images of Mary described in Latin by RP Guilielmo Gumppenberg anjetzo translated into German by RP Maximilianum Wartenberg . Hermann von Gelder, Munich 1673.
  10. ↑ Pál Esterházy: Az egész világon levő csudálatos Boldogságos Szűz képeinek röviden feltett eredeti . Nagyszombat 1690.
  11. ↑ Antonín Frozín: Obrowisstě Maryánského Atlanta, Svet celý Maryánský w gedinké Knjžce nesaucýho . Jiří Laboun, Prague 1704.
  12. ↑ Marian Atlas or description of the Marian pictures of grace through the whole Christian world, from the great Latin Wercke RP Guillelmi Gumppenberg SJ, translated into German in shortened form . Barbara Beringer, Prague 1717.
  13. ↑ Agostino Zanella: Atlante Mariano, ossia origine delle immagini miracolose della BV Maria venerate in tutte le parti del mondo, redatto dal padre gesuita Guglielmo Gumppenberg, recato in italiano ed aggiuntevi le ultime immagini prodigiose fino al secolo Xanix da Agosterdino . Sanvido, Verona (1839-1847).
  14. ↑ Jean-Jacques Bourasse: Summa aurea de laudibus beatissimae Virginis Mariae . In: Patrologia latina . tape 2 . Migne, Paris, p. 1117-1476 (1862-1866).
  15. ↑ Nicolas Balzamo, Olivier Christin, Fabrice Flückiger: L'Atlas Marianus de Wilhelm Gumppenberg. Edition et traduction . Alphil, Neuchâtel 2015.
personal data
SURNAME Gumppenberg, Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Jesuit and professor of theology, popular missionary
DATE OF BIRTH July 17, 1609
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH May 8, 1675
Place of death innsbruck