Wilhelm Heile

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Wilhelm Heile

Wilhelm Heile (born December 18, 1881 in Diepholz ; † August 17, 1969 in Harpstedt ) was a German politician ( FVP , DDP , FDP , Lower Saxony State Party or DP ).

Life and work

After graduating from high school in Emden , Heile, who was of Protestant faith, studied mechanical engineering at the TH Hannover from 1905 , but was expelled in 1905 because of his involvement in the Association of German Students' Associations . In the summer semester of 1903 he was a representative of the VDSt in the Hanover local branch of the Pan-German Association . From 1905 he worked as an editor at the Danziger Allgemeine Zeitung . In October of the same year he moved to the National-Zeitung in Berlin. From 1906 to 1908 he was editor of the German University . During the First World War , Heile served in the Reserve Infantry Regiment 92 in 1914/15. From 1912 to 1919 he was the chief editor of the weekly newspaper Die Hilfe , where he worked with its founder Friedrich Naumann and at times with Theodor Heuss . After Naumann's death in 1919, he also took over the editor of the magazine. He was a member of the Society for the Promotion of Internal Colonization .

After World War salvation was the first rector of the Naumann 1918 founded in Berlin in civic school , from 1920, the German university for politics emerged, he at up to 1933 as a lecturer in political science worked.

On the occasion of an international parliamentary meeting in Vienna in 1922, Heile called for the establishment of the United States of Europe . At the side of Count Richard Nikolaus Coudenhove-Kalergi he advanced to one of the most active champions for a common Europe. Heile soon became one of the Count's harshest critics: he criticized his authoritarian leadership style (“Napoleonic desires for dictatorship”; the Count felt “like a god” who “does not tolerate any other gods beside him”).

Dismissed from all offices in 1933, Heile first tried his hand at farming in Lower Lusatia . From 1936 to 1941 he worked as a translator and editor; then he moved to Colnrade in what was then County Hoya . After the Second World War , he was the first chairman of the newly founded European Union .

Heile was the older brother of the director of the Hamburg World Economic Archive, Paul Heile .

According to him, which is Wilhelm Heile Street in Syke named.

Political party

Heile belonged to the Progressive People's Party in the German Empire and from 1910 to 1912 was Secretary General of its Provincial Association in Hanover. In 1918 he was involved in founding the German Democratic Party (DDP).

In 1945 Heile founded the Democratic Party in Syke. Then he was one of the founders of the FDP in Lower Saxony. At the founding meeting of the FDP in the British zone of occupation he was elected chairman on January 8, 1946 in Opladen . On the basis of the provisional program drafted by him in charge, the Syker guidelines , the FDP zone association was approved by the British occupying forces on February 14, 1946. He pursued a course of unifying all bourgeois parties in the British zone of occupation because he believed that this was the only way to stand up to the left-wing parties SPD and KPD . He wrote verbatim to Theodor Heuss:

"But it is actually the case that if you get to the bottom of things, there are or may be only two parties today: the party of the socialist coercive state, which must necessarily end in the dictatorship of the proletariat, and the party of a free statehood . "

For this purpose he made contact with the CDU and the Lower Saxony State Party (NLP) shortly after his election and met - together with Friedrich Middelhauve - in March 1946 with Konrad Adenauer . After a merger with the CDU had failed due to irreconcilable differences over the question of the influence of Christianity on politics, Heile intensified contacts with the NLP. However, he met with resistance in the zone board of the FDP, which raised the requirements for a merger with the NLP so high that they were practically unacceptable for the NLP . Before the first regular party congress of the FDP in the British zone of occupation, the post of party president was introduced on the board of directors at the initiative of the Heile opponents . Heile was then elected to this position without influence at the party congress on May 19, 1946 in Bad Pyrmont . The delegates then elected the previous deputy, Franz Blücher , to be the chairman, who actually determined the party's politics . Shortly after the party congress, the Heile board of directors withdrew the mandate for negotiations with the NLP and on May 30, 1946 commissioned a three-person group around Otto Heinrich Greve , a strict opponent of the party merger, with the negotiations. June 1946 were declared a final failure. After further internal party disputes and various arbitration proceedings, Heile finally joined the Lower Saxony state party in March 1947 , which was renamed the German party in June 1947 .

MP

Heile had been a city councilor for Schöneberg since 1917 . In 1919/20 he was a member of the Weimar National Assembly . He was then a member of the Reichstag until 1924 .

After the Second World War, Heile was a member of the appointed state parliament of Hanover . In 1947 he was elected to the first Lower Saxony state parliament in constituency 11 , to which he was a member until 1951. The state parliament elected him a member of the first federal assembly , which elected Theodor Heuss as the first federal president in 1949 . Since 1946 he was a member of the Zone Advisory Board for the British Zone of Occupation. In 1948/49 he was a member of the Parliamentary Council .

Public offices

Heile was mayor of Colnrade from April to May 1945 and then district administrator in County Hoya until 1948 . He was Deputy Prime Minister from August 23 to November 23, 1946 and from September 24, 1946 also Minister of Transport of the State of Hanover .

Publications

  • Student and politics . In: Academic papers . Year 1905/06, pp. 185–187.
  • with Walter Schotte : The German People's State, writings on internal politics . 1917.
  • Nation state and League of Nations. Thoughts on Germany's European mission . Halberstadt 1926.
  • European cooperation . Berlin 1929.
  • The problem of fair borders between states . Hensel, Berlin 1929.
  • Farewell to the FDP . Syke 1947.

literature

  • Richard Gribow: Wilhelm Heile 80 years old . In: Academic papers . Born in 1961, pp. 255–256.
  • Beatrix Herlemann , Helga Schatz: Biographical Lexicon of Lower Saxony Parliamentarians 1919–1945 (= publications of the Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen. Volume 222). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hanover 2004, ISBN 3-7752-6022-6 , pp. 145-146.
  • Jürgen C. Heß: The idea of ​​Europe and national revisionism. Considerations on their connection in the Weimar Republic using the example of Wilhelm Heiles . In: Historical magazine . Volume 225, 1977, pp. 572-622.
  • Karl Holl: European policy in the run-up to German government policy. On the activities of pro-European organizations in the Weimar Republic . In: Historical magazine . Volume 219, 1974, pp. 33-94.
  • Ludwig Luckemeyer: Wilhelm Heile. 1881-1981. Federal liberal rebel in DDP & FDP u. Europe's first liberal pioneer in Germany. Political-historical commemorative publication on the occasion of d. 100th birthday d. closest colleague of Friedrich Naumann u. President d. FDP on Dec. 18, 1981 . Wiesbaden 1981.
  • Martin Schumacher (Hrsg.): MdR The Reichstag members of the Weimar Republic in the time of National Socialism. Political persecution, emigration and expatriation, 1933–1945. A biographical documentation . 3rd, considerably expanded and revised edition. Droste, Düsseldorf 1994, ISBN 3-7700-5183-1 .
  • Marc Zirlewagen:  Wilhelm Heile. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 24, Bautz, Nordhausen 2005, ISBN 3-88309-247-9 , Sp. 776-781.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Oliver Burgard: Europe from above. - Why the political initiatives for a European Union failed after the First World War. In: The time. No. 3 of January 13, 2000.
  2. ^ Brauers: The FDP in Hamburg 1945 to 1953. P. 178.
  3. ^ Letter from Heile to Heuss dated February 11, 1946, quoted from Brauers: Die FDP in Hamburg 1945 to 1953. P. 179.
  4. ^ Heile, Wilhelm . In: Martin Schumacher (Ed.): MdB - The People's Representation 1946–1972. - [Haack to Huys] (=  KGParl online publications ). Commission for the History of Parliamentarism and Political Parties e. V., Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-00-020703-7 , pp. 460 , urn : nbn: de: 101: 1-2014070812574 ( kgparl.de [PDF; 507 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2017]).
personal data
SURNAME Heal, Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politicians (DDP, FDP, DP), MdR, MdL
DATE OF BIRTH December 18, 1881
PLACE OF BIRTH Diepholz
DATE OF DEATH 17th August 1969
Place of death Harpstedt