Wilhelm Manchot (chemist)

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Wilhelm Manchot [mɑ̃ʃo] (born August 5, 1869 in Bremen , † October 28, 1945 in Munich ) was a German chemist .

Portrait of Wilhelm Manchot, photo from 1941

Life

Wilhelm Manchot came from a Huguenot family from Lorraine . His father Carl Hermann Manchot and his grandfather Johann Daniel Manchot (1805–1867) were Protestant pastors in Hamburg and Offenbach am Main, respectively. His mother Caroline Credner was a daughter of the Protestant theologian Karl August Credner (1797-1857).

In 1888 Wilhelm Manchot graduated from the Johanneum School of Academics in Hamburg. He then studied in Strasbourg and at the Technical University of Munich . On July 26, 1895, he received his doctorate (supervised by Friedrich Karl Johannes Thiele ) under the later Nobel Prize winner Adolf von Baeyer at the Technical University of Munich . In 1899 Manchot completed his habilitation at the University of Göttingen . In 1903 he became an associate professor for inorganic and analytical chemistry at the University of Würzburg .

Wilhelm Manchot married Bertha Maria (nee Haas, a granddaughter of Leo Haas and Julius Tafel ) on April 25, 1905 , and they had four sons together: Karl Robert (1906–1988, lawyer), Wilhelm (Willy) Julius (1907– 1985, chemist), Hans (1910–1980, dentist) and Eduard (1914–1977, lawyer).

Manchot (standing, second from left), Friedrich Karl Johannes Thiele (first row, second from left), Adolf von Baeyer (center) with his colleagues at the Academy in Munich (1893)

In October 1914 he was appointed to the chair of the Technical University of Munich for " Inorganic Chemistry , General Experimental Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, including the basics of physical and organic chemistry ". In 1927 he was appointed to the Privy Councilor, and in 1929 he was appointed to the Bavarian Academy of Sciences .

From 1933 Manchot was a corps loop bearer of the Corps Vitruvia Munich, to which his four sons also belonged.

In 1935 Wilhelm Manchot retired .

Manchot was buried in the Solln forest cemetery.

Manchot family grave at the Sollner forest cemetery

Scientific Research

W. Manchot came from organic chemistry . His dissertation on triazole compounds was followed by some first publications in related fields. Only now does the transition to inorganic problems follow: first of all, the processes during autoxidation and the activation of oxygen are already mentioned in the habilitation thesis and dealt with in a number of subsequent publications.

There now follows an interlude that temporarily interrupts this work, due to Manchot's activity in Henri Moissan's laboratory at the Sorbonne. Manchot's work on silicides and silicon, its solubility in hydrofluoric acid and its behavior in molten metals, which are only taken up again much later, date from there.

However, the work on autoxidation soon led to new problems and special areas. On the one hand, the formation, representation and conversion of ozone were examined; On the other hand, the field of autoxidation developed into the series of work on the addition of nitrogen monoxide , carbon monoxide and ethylene to dissolved and solid salts. The results stir u. a. to the realization that all elements of the 8th group of the periodic table and the subsequent metals of the copper group are called "mixed carbonyls", i.e. H. Form addition compounds of the metal halides in question with carbon monoxide. In the course of this, the area of ​​pure carbonyls also received further funding, e.g. B. by a new formation of nickel carbonyls in a liquid way and the pressure synthesis of ruthenium carbonyls.

At the same time there are investigations into nitrogen oxide compounds, especially the so-called "blue acid" (Raschig's nitrosisulphonic acid) and the mixed nitrosyls of iron , cobalt and nickel , which correspond to the Russian compound types Me (NO) 2 SR and Me (NO) SR. It is generally shown here that compounds of abnormally low oxidation levels can be isolated from metals if the extremely labile substances are stabilized by the addition of carbon monoxide or nitrogen monoxide. Only later did this entire comprehensive field experience its valence-chemical interpretation from the electron-theoretical point of view and thus its systematic rounding off.

Finally, the analytical-chemical work of Manchot should be mentioned, especially the many publications on the replacement of iodometry by bromometry, the experiments on the quantitative determination of carbon monoxide and the new methods of separation of heavy metals . His research found the appropriate recognition u. a. by appointment to the secret government council in 1927 and to the full member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in 1929.

Predecessor and successor at the chemical institute of the Technical University of Munich

Research professorship

The “Pinguin Foundation” (Le Manchot means penguin in French), established by his grandson Jürgen Manchot, awards the Wilhelm Manchot Research Professorship every year. This endowed professorship, endowed with EUR 40,000, is awarded to outstanding scientists and is intended to enable the award winners not only to acknowledge their overall scientific work but also to teach at the chemical faculty of the TU Munich. In addition, the Pinguin Foundation supports scientific publications through grants and awards material funds for research projects.

Publications (selection)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Philistine Association Vitruvia e. V. Munich, list of members as of January 1937, No. 528.
personal data
SURNAME Manchot, Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German chemist
DATE OF BIRTH August 5, 1869
PLACE OF BIRTH Bremen
DATE OF DEATH October 28, 1945
Place of death Munich