Wilhelmsbach (Michelbach)

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Wilhelmsbach
Data
Water code DE : 238582
location Swabian-Franconian forest mountains

Baden-Württemberg

River system Rhine
Drain over Michelbach  → Sulm  → Neckar  → Rhine  → North Sea
source Heiligenbrunnen approx. 1.3 km southwest of Obersulm- Friedrichshof at the old castle
49 ° 6 ′ 33 ″  N , 9 ° 25 ′ 46 ″  E
Source height approx.  440  m above sea level NHN
muzzle between Obersulm- Eschenau and Affaltrach from the left and in total south-southeast in the Michelbach coordinates: 49 ° 8 '27 "  N , 9 ° 23' 52"  E 49 ° 8 '27 "  N , 9 ° 23' 52"  E
Mouth height just under  206.1  m above sea level NHN
Height difference approx. 233.9 m
Bottom slope approx. 41 ‰
length 5.7 km
Catchment area 4.722 km²

The Wilhelmsbachs is an almost 6 km long brook in the municipality of Obersulm in the district of Heilbronn in northern Baden-Württemberg , which flows from the left into the lower Michelbach after a roughly north-north-west run between the villages of Eschenau and Affaltrach of the municipality , its upper course to the mouth it clearly exceeds the source height, length and catchment area.

geography

course

The Wilhelmsbach arises at about 440  m above sea level. NHN the Heiligenbrunnen in the Gewann Klank of the large high forest area east and southeast of the village of Eichelberg in the municipality of Obersulm, about 1.8 km east-southeast of the town center. The young brook initially flows very steeply to the north in a ridge and then turns with fluctuations on more and more western course through Klank and then the comment forest . The creek there is 1–3 m wide, falls locally over sinter steps , its bottom has mostly sandy sediment. In places it has an inflow from seepage springs also on the slope, sometimes the brook runs in loops through a swampy valley floor.

After almost one and a half kilometers in the forest, he leaves it at around 310  m above sea level. NHN under the Friedrichshof on the right slope. The only larger, about 0.5 km long forest stream runs from the left to the southwest. Its now open, westward running valley up to the entrance to the Eichelberg settlement area, whose first houses line the brook to the right after less than 200 meters, is called Wasserklinge .

There, from the left and finally south-southwest, after 1.8 km from the Heiligenquelle, the Hundsbergbach flows, which is a trace longer than the Wilhelmsbach, but contributes a little less to its catchment area than its own upper course to there. It is the largest tributary of the Wilhelmsbach, after which it turns to a northward course.

In small loops and accompanied by an occasionally interrupted tree gallery, the stream mostly flows on the right edge of its now quite wide, plowed valley floor, vineyards now cover the slopes of the valley, on the left those of the mostly 250  m above sea level. NHN high Weilerberg , right the 350  m above sea level. NHN high of the Hundsberg (!). A few channels of water run down from the vineyard-cleared areas, of which only the pipe blade shows a side valley formation.

Between the vineyards of Paradies on the right and Galgenberg on the left, the Wilhelmsbach runs through the permanent lake of just over a hectare in the Wilhelmsbach flood retention basin. Then the ridge on the left slopes down to a flat plain, the vineyards end on this side and the brook continues to hold closer to the foot of the right ridge to the west of the Ammertsberg hill, where it reaches the edge of the Obersulmer village of Eschenau to the north .

From there it flows in a less pronounced hollow to the northwest and separates a newer part of Eschenau in the picture fields from the old town center on the right. In the heart of the town it is mostly dumped. He leaves Eschenau again through an orchard and first passes a newer settlement area of Affaltrach in the Kappelwiesen on the left. Finally it flows at the Eschanau sewage treatment plant from the left and southwest to a little below 206.1  m above sea level. NHN into the Michelbach, which is only 3.0 km long .

The Wilhelmsbach flows after a 5.7 km long run with an average bed gradient of 41 ‰ about 234 meters above sea level below the Heiligenquelle. It exceeds the upper reaches of the Michelbach up to its mouth in length, the contributed catchment area and the source height.

Catchment area

The Wilhelmsbach has a catchment area of ​​4.7 km², which in natural terms belongs to the northern Swabian-Franconian forest mountains , with shares in three different sub-areas of these: its south-south-east part with the upper reaches of the Wilhelmsbach and the course of the Hundsbergbach as far as Eichelberg belongs to the rear Mainhardter Wald , the north-northeast part around the middle and lower Wilhelmsbach to the Weinsberger Tal ; in between at the joint there is a very small gusset to the right of the stream at Friedrichshof in the Vorderen Mainhardt Forest . Its highest point on the south-southeast corner in the Graefischen Bergle reaches a height of 506.5  m above sea level. NHN .

In turn, the catchment areas of the following neighboring waters are adjacent:

  • in the northeast lies the catchment area of ​​the Sulm upper reaches;
  • in the east lies the headwaters of the Gabelbach , a Brettach tributary;
  • in the southeast, the headwaters of an upper course of the Bernbach , which feeds the Brettach further up , briefly borders ;
  • in the south the Nonnenbach is the competitor behind the watershed, the longer left upper course of the Schlierbach ;
  • in the west, the Schlierbach itself is the closest competitor, which like the Michelbach flows into the Sulm .

Since the Brettach discharge reaches the Neckar via the Kocher , the eastern and south-eastern hydrologically speaking is the most important section of the entire watershed; there are also their highest elevations.

Settlements are the Friedrichshof to the right above the upper valley, the village of Eichelberg at the confluence of Wilhelmsbach and Hundsbergbach, as well as part of the estuary villages of Eschenau , which is crossed and the village of Affaltrach , which is passed nearby. These all belong to the Obersulm community . The hamlet of Altenhau in the small town of Löwenstein is located on the southwestern watershed on the left above the Hundsbergbach valley, with only a few recent buildings on this side of the sheath.

Tributaries and lakes

List of tributaries and RiverIcon-SmallLake.svglakes from source to mouth. Length of water, lake area, catchment area and altitude according to the corresponding layers on the LUBW online map. Other sources for the information are noted.

The source of the Wilhelmsbach is the Heiligenbrunnen at about 440  m above sea level. NHN about 1.3 km southeast of Obersulm- Friedrichshof in the forest near the Burgstall (?) Old Castle .

  • (Bach from near the Riedbühlwiese ), from the left and east-southeast to about 310  m above sea level. NHN at the exit of the Wilhelmsbach from the comment forest in the open water blade at the foot of Friedrichshof, approx. 0.5 km and less than 0.3 km². Arises at about 365  m above sea level. NHN on a forest path south of the clearing Riedbühlwiese .
  • Hundsbergbach , from the left and finally south-southwest to about 291  m above sea level. NHN in Obersulm- Eichelberg , 1.8 km and 1.1 km². Arises at about 385  m above sea level. NHN east of Löwenstein - Reisach in the Klank forest . Flows, soon outside the forest, initially about west-northwest and then swings 90 ° to the right.
    Up to this tributary, the Wilhelmsbach is a few meters shorter than this tributary, but has already accumulated a 1.4 km² sub-catchment area.
  • (Dig from the pipe blade ), from the right and east-southeast to about 260  m above sea level. NHN under the high forest Langer Schlag , approx. 0.4 km and approx. 0.2 km². Arises at about 330  m above sea level. NHN north of Friedrichshof. On the upper reaches of the vineyard ditches in a natural hollow, on the lower reaches of which it appears to be dotted.
  • RiverIcon-SmallLake.svgFlows through to something below 239.3  m above sea level. NHN the permanently dammed lake in the retention basin Wilhelmsbach about 0.7 km south of the local border of Eschenau and west under the paradise , 1.2 ha.

Mouth of the Wilhelmsbach from the left and finally southwest to almost 206.1  m above sea level. NHN immediately after the sewage treatment plant to Eschenau. The brook is 5.7 km long and has a 4.7 km² catchment area, with both and its source height it exceeds the upper reaches of the Michelbach up to its tributary, which is only 3.0 km long and only a partial catchment area of ​​2.6 km² has accumulated.

Retention basin

About half a kilometer south of the settlement boundary of Eschenau and under the paradise , the slope of a western spur of the forest plateau in the east, the Wilhelmsbach is permanently dammed in the flood retention basin Wilhelmsbach ⊙ operated by the Sulm water association . Behind an 11.9 m high earth dam there is usually a 1.2 hectare lake with a volume of 18,000 m³, which also serves as a fish pond. In the event of a high flow in Wilhelmsbach, the basin can hold back another 234,000 m³, which are then drained in a controlled manner.

geology

From a geological point of view, the catchment area of ​​the Wilhelmsbach lies entirely in the Mittelkeuper . Its highest layer is the Stubensandstein ( Löwenstein Formation ), which occurs only in the southeast corner of the catchment area in the forest area southeast of Friedrichshof and Eichelberg. The Wilhelmsbach rises from the Heiligenbrunnen just in there, as does the slightly smaller left tributary Hundsbergbach. These dig themselves on initially north-western, then western course Keup-typical blades in the successively underlying Upper Bunten Marl ( Mainhardt Formation ), the silica sandstone ( Hassberge Formation ) and the Lower Bunten Marl ( Steigerwald Formation ). The village of Eichelberg, where both branches of the stream meet, is already largely on the reed sandstone ( Stuttgart formation ). After the place, the Wilhelmsbach changes to approximately northern course through the Gipskeuper ( Grabfeld formation ), in the altitude of which it remains up to its mouth; however, the Mesozoic strata in the following valley range are long covered on the left by loess-bearing floating earth from Quaternary deposits, opposite to which on the right slope slopes disturbed by vineyard adjustment . The higher slopes on this side, after the high plateau spur around the Friedrichshof, which are mostly within, reach up to the edge of the silica sandstone. The narrow Aienlehmband around the stream begins in Eichelberg.

In the catchment area there are some outcrops of the Mesozoic strata officially designated as geotopes in the catchment area from the Gipskeuper up to the Stubensandstein, all of which are located on the eastern forest plateau or on its appendages.

Protected areas

Most of the catchment area below the retention basin lies in the Swabian-Franconian Forest Nature Park , roughly the open parts of it minus the local corridor belong to the Upper Sulmtal landscape protection area with edge heights . The altitudes from the silica sandstone up around the Friedrichshof and in the southeast are part of a large water protection area in the wider area of ​​Löwenstein.

Individual evidence

LUBW

Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Course and catchment area of ​​the Wilhelmsbach
General introduction without default settings and layers: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )

  1. ↑ a b c d Height according to black lettering on the background layer topographic map .
  2. ↑ a b c Length according to the waterway network layer ( AWGN ) .
  3. ↑ a b c Catchment area summed up from the sub-catchment areas according to the basic catchment area layer (AWGN) .
  4. ↑ a b Lake area according to the layer standing waters .
  5. ↑ Catchment area according to the basic catchment area layer (AWGN) .
  6. ↑ Height according to the contour line image on the topographic map background layer .
  7. ↑ a b Length measured on the background layer topographic map .
  8. ↑ a b Catchment area measured on the background layer topographic map .
  9. ↑ Technical data of the flood retention basin after the dam layer .
  10. ↑ Geotopes are localized by the Geotope layer , at least rudimentary descriptions can be queried there.
  11. ↑ Protected areas according to the relevant layers.

Other evidence

  1. ↑ Wolf-Dieter Sick : Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 162 Rothenburg o. D. Deaf. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1962. →  Online map (PDF; 4.7 MB)
  2. ↑ Geology according to the layers for Geological Map 1: 50,000 on: Map server of the State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining (LGRB) ( notes ). The geological map listed under → Literature shows roughly the same picture  .

literature

  • Topographic map 1: 25,000 Baden-Württemberg, as single sheet No. 6822 Obersulm
  • Geological map of the Swabian-Franconian Forest Nature Park 1: 50,000, published by the State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining Baden-Württemberg, Freiburg i. Br. 2001.

Web links