Vyacheslav Konstantinovich Oltarshevsky

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Vyacheslav Konstantinovich Oltarshevsky

Vyacheslav Konstantinovich Oltarschewski ( Russian Вячеслав Константинович Олтаржевский ; born March 17 . Jul / 29. March  1880 greg. In Moscow ; † 24. April 1966 ) was a Russian architect .

Life

Oltarshevsky was the son of a traffic engineer with 5 children. After his father's death in 1885, he was sent to the Nabilkowski orphanage. He graduated from commercial school there in 1900 and began studying in the architecture department of the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in 1901 . When the university was closed during the Russian Revolution in 1905 because of the student unrest, he studied with Otto Wagner at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna with a recommendation from Illarion Alexandrowitsch Ivanov-Schitz . In 1908 Oltarschewski graduated from the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture with distinction as an architect-artist first class. During his studies he worked under the direction of Ivanov-Schitz in the construction of station buildings for the Moscow railway ring . In 1908 he was then assistant to Ivanov-Schitz. 1910-1911 Oltarshevsky built the Northern Insurance Company in Moscow with Iwan Iwanowitsch Rerberg , Marian Marianowitsch Peretjatkowitsch and Ilya Alexandrowitsch Golossow . Under the direction of Rerberg and Vladimir Grigoryevich Shukhov , he built the Kiev train station in Moscow from 1912 to 1917 . In 1915 the house for the Burenin brothers followed (Nizhnyaya Krasnocelskaya Ulitsa 23).

After the October Revolution , Oltarshevsky was a military engineer in the Red Army . In 1921 he became the head of the architecture department of the administration for agricultural construction , amelioration and state property of the People's Commissariat for Agriculture of the RSFSR .

1922–1923 Oltarshevsky worked for the chief architect Alexei Viktorovich Shtusev of the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition , which opened in 1923 on the site of today's Gorky Park . From 1924 to 1935, Oltarschewski was seconded to the USA to learn about modern building techniques. He studied as an external student at New York University . He worked in high-rise construction in New York . Following his project, the Royal Pines Hotel was built in Bayville, New Jersey , which opened in November 1930 and was associated with Al Capone . It is believed that Oltarshevski's US-made competition entry for the Square de l'Avenue Foch in Paris was noted by Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin and therefore later contributed to Oltarshevski's indictment.

In 1935, Oltarschewski was recalled from the USA to take part in the competition for the planning and design of the All Union Agricultural Exhibition , which was to open in 1937, with RP Podolski, NW Alexejew, the student Alexander Borissowitsch Borezki and his nephew Dimitri Georgijewitsch Oltarschewski . Of the 11 competitors, only Oltarshevsky and Grigory Borisovich Barchin were recognized as venerable architects by the Academy of Architecture , while the rest were classified as aspirants . Oltarschewski's project for the exhibition on the grounds of Ostankino Castle envisaged the free placement of the various ensembles with strictly symmetrical intersections in between, with no consideration given to the historical Sheremetev buildings . Despite all the criticism, the project was accepted for implementation in April 1936.

The construction of the exhibition complex was interrupted during the Great Terror by arrests at the People's Commissariat for Agriculture. People's Commissar Mikhail Alexandrovich Chernov was shot in October 1937. Oltarshevsky was accused of sabotage by the exhibition director Gorischikhin , so that he was sentenced to 15 years in a camp . The buildings erected according to his plans were partially dismantled and later partially rebuilt, with the entire facility remaining completely unchanged. Oltarshevsky worked 1939–1942 in the Vorkuta labor camp as chief architect and was released in 1943 after he had offered to build a high-rise building in Moscow in a letter to Stalin .

1947–1948 Oltarshevsky was a member of the Committee for the Construction of Moscow Skyscrapers . His projects didn't win the competition. His project for the Hotel Ukraine , developed together with Arkady Grigoryevich Mordvinov , was approved and built. He received the Stalin Prize with Mordvinov in 1948 .

Oltarshevsky was buried in the Vagankovo cemetery .

The architect Georgi Konstantinowitsch Oltarschewski was the oldest brother of Oltarschewski.

Works

  • Northern Insurance Company Building, Moscow

  • Kiev train station, Moscow

  • Burenin House, Moscow

  • Hotel Ukraine, Moscow

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Большая российская энциклопедия: ОЛТАРЖЕ́ВСКИЙ Вячеслав Константинович (accessed August 27, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Musei Istorii GULAGa: Олтаржевский Вячеслав Константинович (accessed on August 27, 2019).
  3. ↑ Marija Vladimirovna Naschtschokina : Архитекторы московского модерна. Творческие портреты (Architects of Moscow Modernism - Work Portraits) . 3. Edition. Жираф, Moscow 2005, ISBN 5-89832-043-1 .
  4. ↑ a b Казусь И. А .: Советская архитектура 1920-х годов: организация проектирования . Прогресс-Традиция, 2009, ISBN 5-89826-291-1 , p. 84, 276 .
  5. ↑ Welcome to Royal Pines Hotel (1929) (accessed August 26, 2019).
  6. ^ Al Capone and the Royal Pines Hotel (accessed August 26, 2019).
  7. ↑ : В. К. Олтаржевский: Генеральный план Всесоюзной сельскохозяйственной выставкиГенеральный on August 27, 2019.
personal data
SURNAME Oltarshevsky, Vyacheslav Konstantinovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Олтаржевский, Вячеслав Константинович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian architect
DATE OF BIRTH March 29, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Moscow
DATE OF DEATH April 24, 1966
Place of death Moscow