Vladimir Maximowitsch Tutschkewitsch

Vladimir Maximovich Tutschkewitsch ( Russian Владимир Максимович Тучкевич * December 29, 1904 ^{. Jul} / 11. January  1905 ^greg. In Janowzy ; † 24. July 1997 in St. Petersburg ) was a Ukrainian - Russian physicist and university teacher .

Life

Tutschkewitsch attended secondary school and then a school in Ufa . Without leaving school, he joined the Red Army as a volunteer after the October Revolution in November 1919 . He was head of a medical train . He studied at an infantry school and took preparatory courses for university studies. In 1924 he was demobilized .

In 1924 Tutschkewitsch began studying at the physical - mathematical faculty of the University of Kiev . As a student, he worked at the Röntgen Institute from 1927 . After completing his studies in 1928, he began the aspiration . At the same time he worked in the Meteorological Institute and organized and directed the physical laboratory in the Kharkov Radiological Institute. 1931–1935 he taught at the Kharkov Electrical Engineering Institute.

In 1935 Tutschkewitsch went to Leningrad and became a research assistant at the Physico-Technical Institute (FTI) of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR, since 1991 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN)), in which he eventually became head of the laboratory. In addition, he taught at the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute (LPI), first as a lecturer at the Department of Physics and then as a professor at the Department of Experimental Physics . In 1939 he defended his candidate dissertation . The focus of his work were semiconductors and the construction of semiconductor devices.

During the German-Soviet War Tutschkewitsch worked in the Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov group together with Igor Wassiljewitsch Kurtschatow and Boris Jeleasarowitsch Godsewitsch to protect the ships on the Baltic and North Seas from magnetic mines .

After the war Tutschkewitsch led studies on the isotope separation of heavy elements . From 1949 he headed the development of methods for growing pure single crystals of germanium and silicon at the FTI , so that in 1952 the first planar diodes and transistors were manufactured. In 1951 Tutschkewitsch initiated the development of diodes for high currents and voltages . Shores Ivanovich Alfjorov was one of his staff . In 1952 Tutschkewitsch joined the CPSU . In 1956 he defended his doctoral thesis . In 1967 he became director of the FTI as successor to Boris Pavlovich Konstantinov . In 1968 Tutschkewitsch was elected a corresponding member of the AN-SSSR. In 1970 he became a full member of the AN-SSSR. He was a member of the Leningrad City Committee of the CPSU and was repeatedly elected to the Oblast Committee.

In 1973 Tutschkewitsch was one of the signatories of the open letter in Pravda against Andrei Dmitrijewitsch Sakharov , in which he was accused of his activities as a civil rights activist against Soviet domestic and foreign policy.

Together with Benzion Moissejewitsch Wul and Sergei Grigorjewitsch Kalashnikov, Tutschkewitsch led a diverse program for the widespread use of power semiconductors for switching regulators and participated in the development of regulators for converters in metallurgy . In 1983 he founded the chair for semiconductor components at LPI and led it on a voluntary basis . In 1986 he left the office of director, but remained head of the FTI institute. His successor as director was Shores Ivanovich Alfjorov. Tuchkevich became an advisor to the Presidium of the AN-SSSR and head of the chair at the Leningrad Technological Institute. He has been the author of a wide variety of publications.

Honors, prizes

• Stalin Prize 1st Class (1942)
• Medal "For heroic work in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
• Order of Lenin (1954, 1974, 1984)
• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1959)
• Honored Scientist of the RSFSR
• Lenin Prize (1966)
• Anniversary medal "In memory of the 100th birthday of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"
• BP Konstantinow Prize of the AN-SSSR (1982)
• Hero of Socialist Labor (1984)
• Order of the Great Patriotic War II Class (1985)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Landeshelden: Тучкевич Владимир Максимович (accessed on February 20, 2019).
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e} RAN: Тучкевич Владимир Максимович (accessed February 20, 2019).
3. ↑ Большая российская энциклопедия: ТУЧКЕ́ВИЧ Владимир Максимович (accessed February 20, 2019).
4. ↑ Письмо членов Академии наук СССР (accessed February 20, 2019).
5. ↑ Материалы о Сахарове из "Хроники текущих событий:" ИНТЕРВЬЮ А.Д.САХАРОВА ( Memento of the original from January 15, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has not been checked automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on February 20, 2019). 
6. ↑ Тучкевич, В. М (Владимир Максимович) (accessed February 20, 2019).