Boris Pavlovich Konstantinov

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Boris Pavlovich Konstantinov ( Russian Борис Павлович Константинов ; born July 6 . Jul / 19th July  1910 greg. In St. Petersburg ; † 9. July 1969 in Leningrad ) was a Russian physicist and university teacher .

Life

Konstantinov's father Pawel Fedosejewitsch Konstantinow (* 1874) came from a farming family in the Kostroma governorate . 1888/1889 he went to St. Petersburg, peddled with tea , worked in a German bakery and in 1890 painter . Then he became a foreman and finally construction manager at the building contractor Kornilow, whose partner he became in 1900. He then went into business for himself, took on private and government contracts and became a major property owner . In 1895 he married Agrippina Petrovna Smirnowa (* 1876). They had 8 sons and 4 daughters. Three children died at an early age. The surviving children, with Boris Pavlovich as the youngest child, received a good education. After the October Revolution , the family returned to their parents' home village, where the father died of typhus in 1919 . In the winter of 1920/1921 Boris Konstantinov lived and learned in Petrograd . From the spring of 1921 to the summer of 1922 he attended school in Galitsch .

In the autumn of 1924 the Konstantinov family returned to Leningrad. The eldest son Alexander Pavlovich Konstantinow (1895-1945) already worked in the Physico-Technical Institute (FTI) of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR, since 1991 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN)) in the Leon Theremin laboratory and developed an alarm system for banks and museums. Boris Konstantinow now worked as a fitter of this system. At the same time he attended the working school with graduation in 1926. Then he studied at the physical - mechanical faculty of the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute (LPI) until 1929, when he was excluded from the 4th course because of his non-proletarian origins. However, thanks to the intercession of Abram Fyodorowitsch Joffes , he was able to complete his studies. From 1927 he worked as a teacher and laboratory assistant in the FTI. In 1935 he moved to the acoustics department of the Electrophysical Institute. In 1937 he became laboratory manager at the Research Institute of the Music Industry , where he carried out acoustic studies under the direction of Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Andreevich . This also included investigations for air defense .

In 1940 Konstantinov returned to the FTI, with which he was evacuated to Kazan after the start of the German-Soviet War in 1941 . He continued the acoustic examinations for the air defense. With the results he wrote his candidate dissertation , which he defended in 1942. He defended his doctoral thesis on the hydrodynamics of sound generation and propagation in a limited medium in 1943. He then became laboratory director at the FTI.

In 1945 Konstantinov became a professor and head of the Department of Physics at the Leningrad Institute of Machine Tools . In 1947 he organized the chair for experimental nuclear physics at the LPI and headed it until 1951. At the FTI he organized and then headed the laboratory for physicochemical properties of isotopes . He developed the technology for the extraction of lithium deuteride for the thermonuclear industry . In 1951 he founded the Chair for Physics of Isotopes at the LPI and headed it until 1964. In 1953 he was elected a corresponding member of the AN-SSSR. In 1957 he became director of the FTI as successor to Anton Panteleimonovich Komar . In 1960 he became a full member of the AN-SSSR. From 1963 he headed the astrophysics department until his death. The focus was on antimatter and gamma astronomy . In 1967 he left the director's office. His successor was Vladimir Maximowitsch Tutschkewitsch . Konstantinov was the author of a variety of publications.

Konstantinow was Vice President of the AN-SSSR from 1966 and headed the Committee for Nuclear Physics of the AN-SSSR from 1968. He was rector of the Leningrad University of Scientific Knowledge and a member of the Editorial Board of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia . He was a member of the CPSU since 1959. 1963-1969 he was a member of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR .

Konstantinov was buried in the Bogoslovskoye cemetery in St. Petersburg . Michail Konstantinowitsch Anikuschin created the gravestone . In 1975 a Konstantinov monument was erected in front of the FTI. The St. Petersburg Institute for Nuclear Physics was named after him, and in 2006 the Kirowo-Tschepezki-Chemiekombinat in Kirowo-Tschepezk was named after him . A research ship and a science award from the FTI also bear his name.

Honors, prizes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d FTI: Boris Pavlovich Konstantinov (accessed February 20, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Landeshelden: Константинов Борис Павлович (accessed on February 20, 2019).
  3. ↑ St. Petersburg Institute for Nuclear Physics: Борис Павлович Константинов (accessed February 20, 2019).
  4. ↑ Большая российская энциклопедия: КОНСТАНТИ́НОВ Борис Павлович (accessed February 20, 2019).
  5. ↑ Shores Ivanovich Alfjorov : Папа Иоффе и его « детский сад » . In: Лекция из цикла « Наука и культура XXI века » . АФТУ, October 10, 2008.
  6. ↑ RAN: Константинов Борис Павлович (accessed February 20, 2019).
  7. ^ Konstantinov, BP (Boris Pavlovich) (accessed February 20, 2019).
  8. ↑ Уткин В. В .: Завод у двуречья. Кирово-Чепецкий химический комбинат: строительство, развитие, люди. Т. 2 . ОАО "Дом печати - Вятка", Kirov 2005, ISBN 5-7476-0008-7 , p. 90 .
personal data
SURNAME Konstantinov, Boris Pavlovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Константинов, Борис Павлович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian physicist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH July 19, 1910
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH July 9, 1969
Place of death Leningrad