Wolfgang Stromer von Reichenbach

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Wolfgang Freiherr Stromer von Reichenbach (born April 28, 1922 in Munich ; † September 8, 1999 in Grünsberg Castle near Altdorf near Nuremberg ) was a German technical and economic historian .

Life

Wolfgang von Stromer came from one of the oldest Nuremberg patrician families Stromer von Reichenbach , who has been documented in Nuremberg since the middle of the 13th century. One of his ancestors was Ulman Stromer , who laid the foundation stone for paper production in Central Europe in 1390 . Wolfgang Stromer von Reichenbach's grandfather Baron Otto Stromer von Reichenbach was First Mayor of Nuremberg (1867-1891), his father Ernst Stromer von Reichenbach an important palaeontologist and author of a family history treatise ( Our ancestors in the imperial city of Nuremberg ).

After graduating from high school in 1940 at the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich , Stromer studied physics, but was called up for military service. In Soviet captivity, he was sentenced to death twice for refusing to work on poison gas production. In May 1950 he was released.

Stromer began studying law in 1950 . During his studies he became a member of the AGV Munich . After completing his legal preparatory service, he entered the civil service. He became a public prosecutor and made himself available as an examiner for the German Patent Office . In 1952 he married Heidrun Rühle, the daughter of the former director of the Kaiser Friedrich Museum in Posen , Siegfried Rühle. His father died that same year.

Stromer inherited Grünsberg Castle near Altdorf near Nuremberg , which had suffered badly from the war and occupation. With his friends, the lawyer Hubert Freiherr v. Welser and the graduate engineer Helmut Freiherr v. Haller , also a castle owner like himself, he discussed the procurement of subsidies for the renovation measures, a possible influence on the legislation in questions of taxes and the foundation system and many other things. The example of his father and friends who dealt with their family history probably also led von Stromer to begin researching the history of the Stromer family and their role in the history of Nuremberg in the late 1950s.

In 1963, Stromer received his doctorate from the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences at the Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg under Götz von Pölnitz with the dissertation The Nuremberg trading company Gruber-Podmer-Stromer in the 15th century to become a Dr. rer. pole. His habilitation thesis in economic history , accepted by Götz von Pölnitz († 1967) in 1967 and sponsored by him and his successor Hermann Kellenbenz , examined the interference of high finance in the politics of Emperor Sigismund and the Luxembourg Empire. Various professorships as a lecturer in Nuremberg and a second habilitation in the history of technology followed .

From 1978 Stromer was a full professor for economic history at the Free University of Berlin , later he moved to Bamberg with a professorship for "Economic and Technical History of the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Era". In his second marriage, von Stromer married the historian Natalie Fryde on November 6, 1981 , who is now professor emeritus for medieval history at the TU Darmstadt.

In 1984, Stromer was appointed as the successor to Hermann Kellenbenz, who retired in 1983, to the chair for economic, social and technological history at the economic and social science faculty of the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg . Stromer had a close friendship with the legal scholar Johann Georg Helm . Even after his retirement in 1990, Stromer continued to give lectures in the history of technology and worked on various new research topics. Stromer investigated the history of the meat bridge and organized on 15./16. July 1983 at Schloss Grünsberg the research colloquium Rialto Bridge and Fleischbrücke: Technology transfer in the late Renaissance on the u. a. Jacques Heyman , Robert K. Müller, Werner Müller and Karl-Eugen Kurrer took part. The research was continued at the University of Stuttgart by Annette Bögle and Holger Falter under the direction of Jörg Schlaich and finally completed at the BTU Cottbus and FH Potsdam with Christiane Kaiser’s dissertation in 2005.

In his legacy, Stromer had specified the conversion of the Grünsberg estate and castle into a public, non-profit foundation under civil law. This was implemented in 2000 in order to preserve this nationally important monument for posterity and to make it accessible to the public as much as possible. Since the death of her father, Rotraut Freifrau von Stromer-Baumbauer has been responsible for the renovation work as administrator of the Stromer Foundation for Cultural Assets, Monuments and Nature.

Honors

In 1998 Wolfgang von Stromer received the Federal Cross of Merit on the ribbon of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic, which the then Minister of Education and Culture Hans Zehetmair presented to him on behalf of the Federal President. In his laudation he praised von Stromer as "one of the most respected economic and technical historians of our time". His scientific work is "unusually comprehensive". The spectrum ranges from an overall presentation of the Stromer trading company, the history of the invention and innovation of mechanical wire drawing and a publication on bridge construction and structural engineering of the Renaissance work, through the financing of the Crusades by high finance to the cotton industry, the Hanseatic company Falbrecht-Morser-Stroßberg in Danzig and Thorn up to the pre-invention and invention of picture printing and letterpress printing as the “cradle of the mass media”. Stromer made a special contribution to founding and supporting the German Study Center in Venice.

Movie

  • Pepper bet and saffron show. Spice speculation in the Middle Ages. Documentary film by Bernhard Graf , BR 1997 with statements from Baron Wolfgang Stromer von Reichenbach.

Fonts (selection)

  • A stone from the beginning of the 14th century. The Nuremberg Imperial Schools Heinrich Geusmit and Sifrit v. Kamerstein? In: Communications from the Association for the History of the City of Nuremberg . Vol. 50, 1960, ISSN  0083-5579 , pp. 1-10, online .
  • with Lore Sporhan-Krempel : The trading house of the Stromer from Nuremberg and the history of the first German paper mill. According to new sources. In: Quarterly journal for social and economic history (VSWG). Vol. 47, 1960, ISSN  0340-8728 , pp. 81-104.
  • with Lore Sporhan-Krempel: Wolf Jacob Stromer 1561–1614, Council Builder of Nuremberg, Office - Life - Work. In: Communications from the Association for the History of the City of Nuremberg. Vol. 51, 1962, pp. 273-310, online .
  • A message from the Turkmen Prince Qara Yuluq to King Sigismund at the Nuremberg Reichstag in March 1431. In: Yearbook for Franconian Research (JffL). Vol. 22, ISSN  0446-3943 , 1962, pp. 433-441.
  • The Nuremberg trading company Gruber-Podmer-Stromer in the 15th century (= Nuremberg research. Volume 7, ISSN  0078-2653 ). Association for the History of the City of Nuremberg, Nuremberg 1963 (At the same time: Erlangen-Nuremberg, University, dissertation, 1963).
  • A convivial gathering of the Nuremberg Council in Ulrich Stromer's house and the stay of Emperor Charles IV in Nuremberg in 1358. In: Messages from the Association for the History of the City of Nuremberg. Vol. 52, 1963/1964, pp. 54-64, online .
  • The writing system of the Nuremberg economy from the 14th to the 16th century. On the history of Upper German trading books. In: Stadtarchiv Nürnberg (Ed.): Contributions to the economic history of Nuremberg (= contributions to the history and culture of the city of Nuremberg. Vol. 11, 2, ISSN  0078-2785 ). Volume 2. City Council, Nuremberg 1967, pp. 751–799.
  • with Lore Sporhan-Krempel: The coniferous wood seeds in the Nuremberg Reichswäldern between 1469 and 1600 (= Altnürnberger Landschaft. Mitteilungen. Special issue 18, ISSN  0569-1451 ). Spindler, Nuremberg 1969.
  • Upper German high finance. 1350-1450. 3 parts. Steiner, Wiesbaden 1970 (at the same time: Erlangen-Nürnberg, university, habilitation thesis); (Review by Werner Schultheiß: In: Mitteilungen des Verein für Geschichte der Stadt Nürnberg (MVGN). Vol. 58, 1971, pp. 341–347, online );
    • Part 1: (= quarterly journal for social and economic history. Supplement No. 55, ISSN  0341-0846 );
    • Part 2: (= quarterly for social and economic history. Supplement No. 56);
    • Part 3: (= quarterly for social and economic history. Supplement No. 57).
  • Franconian and Swabian entrepreneurs in the Danube and Carpathian countries in the Luxembourg era 1347–1437. In: Yearbook for Franconian State Research (JffL). Vol. 31, 1971, pp. 355-365.
  • Nuremberg-Breslau economic relations in the late Middle Ages. In: Yearbook for Franconian State Research (JffL). Vol. 34/35, 1975, pp. 1079-1100.
  • The Upper German money and exchange markets. Their development from the late Middle Ages to the Thirty Years War. In: Scripta Mercaturae. Vol. 10, No. 1, 1976, ISSN  0036-973X , pp. 23-51.
  • Cloth trade in the mirror of Upper German trading books. In: Marca Spallanzani (ed.): Produzione, commercio e consumo dei panni di lana (nei secoli XII – XVIII). Atti della "Seconda settimana di studi" (April 10-16, 1970) (= Istituto Internazionale di Storia Economica F. Datini, Prato. Pubblicazioni. Series 2: Atti delle settimane di studio e altri convegni. Vol. 2, ZDB ID 194998 -6 ). Olschki, Firenze 1976, pp. 325-340.
  • The metropolis in the uprising against King Karl IV. Nuremberg between Wittelsbach and Luxembourg June 1348 - September 1349. With a supplement “The high medieval Jewish quarter of Nuremberg” , a topographical reconstruction by Karl Kohn. In: Communications from the Association for the History of the City of Nuremberg. Vol. 65, 1978, pp. 55-90, online .
  • Bibliography Lore Sporhan-Krempel on the occasion of his 70th birthday on April 19, 1978. Foreword by Wolfgang von Stromer. o. O. 1978.
  • with Michael Toch: On the accounting of Jews in the late Middle Ages. In: Jürgen Schneider (Hrsg.): Economic forces and economic routes. Festschrift for Hermann Kellenbenz. Volume 1: Mediterranean and continent (= contributions to economic history. Vol. 4). Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-12-912620-1 , pp. 387-410.
  • The foundation of the cotton industry in Central Europe. Economic policy in the late Middle Ages (= monographs on the history of the Middle Ages. Vol. 17 = Centro Tedesco di Studi Veneziani. Studies. Vol. 4) Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-7772-7813-0 .
  • Bernardus Teotonicus ei rapporti commerciali tra la Germania Meridionale e Venezia prima della istituzione del Fondaco dei Tedeschi (= Centro Tedesco di Studi Veneziani. Quaderni. Vol. 8). Centro Tedesco di Studi Veneziani, Venezia 1978.
  • Wild West in Europe. The transcontinental ox trade in the early modern period. In: Culture and Technology. Vol. 3, No. 2, 1979, pp. 36-43, online (PDF; 8.57 MB) .
  • For the organization of the transcontinental ox and textile trade in the late Middle Ages. The ox trade of the Reich treasurer Konrad von Weinsberg in 1422. In: Ekkehard Westermann (Hrsg.): International ox trade. (1350-1750). Files of the 7th International Economic History Congress, Edinburgh 1978 (= contributions to economic history. Vol. 9). Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1979, ISBN 3-12-912690-2 , pp. 171-195.
  • The Sophienquelle in the Schlosspark zu Grünsberg in the Nürnberger Land, built 1724-28, rebuilt in 1860 and 1979 (= Altnürnberger Landschaft. Mitteilungen. Vol. 29, No. 1, 1980). Korn & Berg, Nuremberg 1980, ISBN 3-87432-064-2 .
  • Economy, society and culture of the imperial city of Nuremberg around 1580 as the starting point and environment for the foundation of the university in Altdorf. In: Yearbook for Franconian State Research (JffL). Vol. 41, 1981, pp. 155-164.
  • A textbook of urban studies from the late Renaissance. Wolf-Jacob Stromer's master builder books 1561–1614. Council builder of Nuremberg. In: August Buck , Bodo Guthmüller (ed.): The Italian city of the Renaissance in the field of tension between utopia and reality. = La città italiana del rinascimento fra utopia e realtà (= Centro Tedesco di Studi Veneziani. Quaderni. Vol. 27, ZDB -ID 193669-4 ). CLEUP, Padua 1984, pp. 71–115 (As a special print: (= Willibald-Pirckheimer-Gesellschaft. Jahresgabe 2). Sn, Nürnberg 1984).
  • Banks and money markets: The function and legal nature of exchange offices as banks in an international comparison. In: Anna Vannini Marx (ed.): Credito, Banche e Investimenti. Secoli XIII – XX (= Istituto Internazionale di Storia Economica F. Datini, Prato. Pubblicazioni. Series 2: Atti delle settimane di studio e altri convegni. Vol. 4). Le Monnier, Firenze, 1985, ISBN 88-00-72207-5 , pp. 229-254.
  • Apparatus and machines used in metalworking in the Middle Ages and early modern times. In: Craft and material culture in the late Middle Ages. International Congress Krems an der Donau October 7-10 , 1986. Vienna 1988, pp. 127–149.
  • The "Piccard" - finding aids for watermarks. In: IPH information. NF Vol. 23, No. 3, 1989, ISSN  0250-8338 , pp. 119-130.
  • Ulman Stromer. Life and achievement. In: Ulman Stromer : Püchel by mein geslecht and by abentewr. For the 600th anniversary of the founding of Germany's first paper mill. Commentary tape. Published by the Association of German Paper Mills. Modifications made by Lotte Kurras. Association of German Paper Mills, Bonn 1990, pp. 89–144.
  • Documents on the history of the Stromer paper mill in the Gleiss or Hadermühle on the Pegnitz near Nuremberg and on their subsidiaries, as well as on the Nuremberg paper trade until around 1470. In: Ulman Stromer: Püchel from mein geslecht and from abentewr. For the 600th anniversary of the founding of Germany's first paper mill. Commentary tape. Published by the Association of German Paper Mills. Modifications made by Lotte Kurras. Association of German Paper Mills, Bonn 1990, pp. 145–170.
  • as editor with Jürgen Franzke: The magic of paper. Six centuries of paper in Germany. (Accompanying book to the exhibition of the same name in the Faber-Castell castle in Stein near Nuremberg on the occasion of the six hundred year anniversary of paper production in Germany.) Hugendubel, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-88034-478-7 .
  • Master Konrad Scherp, Regiomontan's expert for precision mechanics in the Nuremberg Officina Febrilis and for scientific letterpress printing. In: Communications from the Association for the History of the City of Nuremberg. Vol. 79, 1992, pp. 123-132, online .
  • Great innovations in paper manufacture in the late Middle Ages and early modern times. In: History of Technology. Vol. 60, 1993, ISSN  0040-117X , pp. 1-6.
  • A reciprocal classification of the balance prints. In: Gutenberg yearbook. Vol. 68, 1993, ISSN  0072-9094 , pp. 15-19.
  • From stamp printing to letterpress printing - Forster and Gutenberg. In: Holger Nickel, Lothar Gillner (ed.): Johannes Gutenberg - Regional Aspects of Early Book Printing (= contributions from the Berlin State Library - Prussian Cultural Heritage. Vol. 1). Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-88226-580-9 , pp. 47-92.
  • Nuremberg's great freedom from customs duties, their symbols and their monuments in the hall of the old town hall. In: Communications from the Association for the History of the City of Nuremberg. Vol. 80, 1993, pp. 117-135, online .
  • Binational German-Italian trading companies in the Middle Ages. In: Siegfried de Rachewiltz, Josef Riedmann (Hrsg.): Communication and mobility in the Middle Ages. Encounters between the south and the center of Europe (11th – 14th centuries). Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1995, ISBN 3-7995-5480-7 , pp. 135-158.
  • The Saigerhütten industry of the late Middle Ages. Development of the copper-silver cutting arts into "ars conflatoria separantia argentum a cupro cum plombo". In: History of Technology. Vol. 62, 1995, pp. 187-214 and 280.
  • The Saigerhütte. German-Hungarian technology transfer in the late Middle Ages in the development of the copper-silver cutting arts. In: Holger Fischer , Ferenc Szabadvary (ed.): Technology transfer and science exchange between Hungary and Germany. Aspects of historical relationships in natural science and technology (= Southeast European works. Vol. 94). Oldenbourg, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-486-56174-X , pp. 27-57.
  • Nuremberg as the epicenter of inventions and innovations at the turn of the Middle Ages to the modern age. In: Karl Albrecht Schachtschneider (Ed.): Economy, society and the state in transition. Festschrift of the economics and social science faculty of the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg 75 years after the establishment of the Nuremberg Commercial College. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, 1995, ISBN 3-428-08410-1 , pp. 668-687.
  • The origin of forest culture. The coniferous forest seeds Nuremberg 1368. Nature observation, experiments, practice and successes. In: Simonetta Cavaciocchi (ed.): L'Uomo e la Foresta, secc. XIII – XVIII (= Istituto Internazionale di Storia Economica F. Datini, Prato. Pubblicazioni. Series 2: Atti delle settimane di studio e altri convegni. Vol. 27). Le Monnier, Florence 1996, ISBN 88-00-72227-X , pp. 499-519.
  • Spurred letters, key fossils of stamp printing. In: Gutenberg yearbook. Vol. 71, 1996, pp. 23-64.
  • as editor: Venice and the world economy around 1200 (= Centro Tedesco di Studi Veneziani. Studi. Vol. 7). Thorbecke, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-7995-2707-9 .
  • Gutenberg's secret. From Turfan to Karlstein. The Silk Road as a mediator of the printing process from Central Asia to Central Europe. Edited by Dirk Reitz . Slatkine, Geneva 2000, ISBN 2-05-101807-3 (English: Gutenberg's secret. Ibid. 2000, ISBN 2-05-101808-1 ; French: Le mystère Gutenberg. Ibid. 2000, ISBN 2-05-101806-5 ).
  • Welser Augsburg and Welser Nuremberg. Two companies and their locations. In: Mark Häberlein, Johannes Burkhardt (Ed.): The Welser. New research on the history and culture of the Upper German trading house (= Colloquia Augustana. Vol. 16). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-05-003412-2 , pp. 215-222.

literature

  • Ernst Freiherr Stromer von Reichenbach : Our ancestors in the imperial city of Nuremberg from 1250 to 1806. Fromman, Nuremberg 1951.
  • Uwe Bestmann, Franz Irsigler , Jürgen Schneider (Eds.): High finance, economic areas, innovations. Festschrift for Wolfgang von Stromer. 3 volumes. Auenthal-Verlag, Trier 1987, ISBN 3-89070-014-4 (bibliography pp. 1259-1278).
  • Bertold von Haller: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Frhr. Stromer von Reichenbach (April 28, 1922 - September 8, 1999). In: Communications from the Association for the History of the City of Nuremberg. Vol. 86, 1999, pp. XIX-XXII, online .
  • Dietrich Lohrmann : Wolfgang von Stromer (1922-1999) . In: Technikgeschichte, Vol. 76 (2009), H. 4, pp. 391–397.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ Michael Reiter: 600 years of paper in Germany. In: Karl H. Pressler (Ed.): From the Antiquariat. Volume 8, 1990 (= Börsenblatt für den Deutschen Buchhandel - Frankfurter Ausgabe. No. 70, August 31, 1990), pp. A 340 - A 344, here: pp. A 340 - A 342.
  2. ^ Obituary: Bertold von Haller: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Frhr. Stromer von Reichenbach (April 28, 1922 - September 8, 1999) . In: Communications from the Association for the History of the City of Nuremberg. Vol. 86, 1999, pp. XIX-XXII.
  3. ^ Association of Alter SVer (VASV): Address book and Vademecum. Ludwigshafen am Rhein 1959, p. 122.
  4. ↑ Siegfried Rühle (Ed.): Guide through the exhibition Deutsche Wehr in Wartheland. Kaiser Friedrich Museum in Posen, Gau Museum of the Reichsgau Wartheland. Published in collaboration with V. Reitzenstein; Dr. Lünsmann. Hirt-Reger and v. Schroedel-Siemau-Verlag, Posen 1943.
  5. ^ Karl Albrecht Schachtschneider: Johann Georg Helm, Vita et Opus.
  6. ↑ Federal Cross of Merit for Stromer. Awards 1998, press release from the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg on December 22, 1998
personal data
SURNAME Stromer von Reichenbach, Wolfgang
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Stromer, Wolfgang von; Stromer, Wolfgang
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German historian
DATE OF BIRTH April 28, 1922
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH September 8, 1999
Place of death Grünsberg Castle