Wolfsburg (Marburg)
The Wolfsburg is a building below the Marburger castle before the former Landgraves firm . In the almost thousand-year history of the house, the building has had various names and served various purposes. Wolfsburg currently serves as a liaison house for the gymnastics club in CC Schaumburgia.
Location and surroundings
Wolfsburg is located directly above the market square in Landgraf-Philipp-Straße 2 / corner of Ritterstraße, a traffic-calmed and cobblestone side street in the upper town . Landgraf-Philipp-Strasse leads further up to the castle, so that the house is also in the tourist area. As the building changed hands several times over the years and often took on its name, it is referred to below as Wolfsburg for the sake of simplicity.
History of origin
An exact dating of the foundation of the place Marburg is also in the dark in today's research. The first document that mentions Marburg (Markburg = Grenzburg) dates from 1130.
The picture of the settlement shows four parts: On the mountain are the oldest castle buildings, which at that time came to the Thuringian landgraves as heir of the Hessian landgrave Giso .
On the arched terrace below the castle, where the Ritterstrasse runs today, were the seats of the castle men , free knights whose task was to defend the castle. They formed the core of the confidants of the landgraves. For this they were given titles and were given farms around the Schlossberg, which were financed by the management of agricultural goods in the nearby villages. Due to their position as castle men, they were exempt from interest and other taxes to the sovereign .
Structurally, these courtyards were strictly separated from the settlement around today's market square, which developed into the market town of Marburg as a result of the increase in population .
In the Lahn valley there were also the bridge suburb of Weidenhausen and - relatively far to the north - the district of the Commandery of the Teutonic Knights , in whose hands the relics of St. Elisabeth were handed over in 1231 . In honor of the Landgravine of Thuringia, who ran a hospital for the poor and the sick here in the last years of her life, the Teutonic Order built a pilgrimage church from 1235 .
At that time, one of these Burgmannshöfe stood on the site of today's Wolfsburg .
Building history
In the 14th century, the property did not have a residential building , only farm buildings. These were free property of the powerful von Bicken family and were named in a document from 1381 as being above the Kerner . In the same century, this court district came to the von Hose knight family from Ockershausen , whose castle seat was directly above it - where the old regional court, today the religious history collection of the University of Marburg , is located. The knight castle was in the 15th and 16th century in documents as Hosenhof or stone bower called the Castle Hill and consisted of three permanent houses and three gardens. Two of the latter were above the stone houses on the other side of today's Landgraf-Philipp-Strasse, the third below, where Wolfsburg now stands.
On April 13, 1386 Volpracht Hose sold the property to the Upper Hessian noble family von Hachen, namely as "Scheuer zu Marburg obir dem kernere". Apparently the Hose family bought the property back because a member of the family sold it to a Dr. Jewelry sold. This was a Hessian council who came from Kassel and had studied in Cologne . Soon afterwards, the house, which had either bought jewelry or had it built on the property, became the property of Margaretha von Grifte, who in turn sold it to Caspar von Berlepsch for 158 gold guilders in 1525 .
Berlepscher Hof
From then on the building was called the Berlepsche Hof until the 19th century. In the 16th century, a second house was built right next to the von Berlepsch family's house, which in 1611 was known as "Mr. Cathrin Hof". It was probably Catharinius Dulcius (1540–1626), a professor of modern languages from Savoy .
From his house next to Berlepschen, today's entrance gate to the Wolfsburg garden has been preserved. After Dulcius' death, his house was bought by the lawyer Peter Wolff, who left it to his widow in 1640. Whether the name Wolffsches Haus or Wolfsburg came up back then can be assumed, but there is no evidence.
In the 16th century, changes occurred elsewhere in the area around Rittergasse and today's Landgraf-Philipp-Straße. The Hosenhof came to the Chancellor of Philip the Magnanimous, Johann Feige , in 1519 , who formed the starting point for the Reformation in Hesse and the foundation of the university in Marburg. Landgrave Ludwig , who ruled Marburg in the second half of the Reformation century, made the decision to build a large office building near the castle. So in 1572 he asked the sons of Chancellor Feige to let him have their large property on which the architect Ebert Baldewein built a massive government building from 1573 to 1575 , into which the district court and public prosecutor moved in 1878 . Today, this building houses the religious history collection of the city of Marburg and, in addition to the castle and Wolfsburg, can also be seen from a distance.
Origin of the name of Wolfsburg
In 1604 Marburg came to the younger line of the Landgrave House , to Hessen-Darmstadt . Landgrave Georg II of Hesse-Darmstadt had two houses built above the government (the regional court), i.e. beyond Landgraf-Philipp-Strasse 1627/28. In 1636 he donated both buildings together with the large garden as a noble castle man's estate to his favorite and chancellor Antonius Wolff von Todenwarth , who played an important role in the Thirty Years' War in Hesse and was raised to baron shortly before his fall .
Towards the end of the 17th century, Wolff von Todenwarth's property had fallen into such disrepair that the city had it demolished; a remnant of the building can still be seen today. The Berlepsche Hof also fell into disrepair, especially since the owners did not receive permission to rebuild because of its proximity to the castle. So they leased the ruin because of the usable cellar to the landlord of the municipal wine house "Zum Ritter", Johannes Klingelhöfer. In 1679, Burghard and Eitel von Berlepsch sold the ruin to Johann Helfrich Dexbach, and in 1684 it passed from his widow to that of the councilor Nikolaus Klunck.
At that time, the part of the property on which the Dulcius house had stood belonged to the widow of Dr. Frantz, who lived directly opposite in the Ritterstrasse.
Known owner of Berlepschen court in the 18th century, the Hessian Government and private secretary Levin Georg Friedrich Hein, then his widow and since 1778 the son, who were Kurpfälzische Councilor Gerhard Wilhelm Dolaeus of Cronenberg, who in all likelihood again both plots merged.
In 1813, Cronenberg sold the property to District Administrator Johann Moritz Schenck zu Schweinsberg and on November 5, 1824, he sold the so-called "Berlepsche Ruine Wolfsburg" to District President and later Minister of Justice Ferdinand Schenck zu Schweinsberg. In 1831 Wolfsburg passed into the hands of master baker Peter Römheld and then to the higher court attorney Karl Grimm , who had the ruins rebuilt.
Wolfsburg under Karl Grimm
Immediately after Grimm became the owner for 970 thalers on April 25, 1861 , he commissioned the architect Friedrich Lange to rebuild and expand the Wolfsburgruine in a neo-Gothic style . After the repair and partial renovation of the ground floor and the first floor, an attic was added. Lange delimited this on the sides with two stepped gables and enlarged it on the front with a large extension. His work received a special decoration from the small bay window that he added to the corner of the first floor, as well as a high-quality interior.
In 1871 the fountain was built in the middle of the garden, which was designed by the important neo-Gothic architect Carl Schäfer . Later a side extension with a tower was added.
Justizrat Grimm lived in Wolfsburg until his death and established this name for his building. His daughter, Mrs. Major Behrend, sold the inherited house in 1903 to the university bookseller Georg Schramm. In 1906 it was auctioned off to the pensioner August Lorenz zu Diez, and in 1908 to the manor owner Peter Kriens zu Biebrich, who soon offered the house for sale again. On January 11, 1910, it became the property of the Schaumburgia gymnastics club.
Window in Karl Grimm's salon
The salon on the first floor was expanded particularly splendidly. Here the coat of arms windows are to be emphasized, which are to be briefly described below.
There are eight coat of arms windows in the bay window. These symbolize various Hessian territories at the time: the Grafschaft Ziegenhain , the Schaumburger Nesselblatt for the counties Schaumburg , Isenburg , Katzenelnbogen , Diez , Nidda , the Grand Duchy of Fulda and the Principality of Hersfeld .
The large windows of the salon form a coherent ensemble. In the two middle windows are the family coats of arms of the Grimm and von Goeddaeus families. The windows to the left and right show the coats of arms of the cities with the strongest reference to the families: Marburg and Kassel on the one hand, Fritzlar and Hanau on the other.
The coats of arms in the bay represent all parts of Hesse, with the exception of the principalities of Hanau and Fritzlar. These two areas are, however, represented by their city arms in the two right-hand windows.
Todays use
Today Wolfsburg is the liaison house of the Schaumburgia gymnastics club, which rents seven rooms, primarily to students . At the same time, the gymnastics club has a hall in the house in which it holds events. This hall is also the largest room in the house and in earlier times served Karl Grimm as a salon.
literature
- Reinhold Drusel: One castle and 13 courtyards. A historical report from Marburg's forgotten history. epubli. Marburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-8442-2168-8 .
- Hermann Randermann: The Wolfsburg. In: Festschrift for the 80th Foundation Festival of the Gymnastics Association Schaumburgia in the CC in Marburg. Oldenburg 1960.
- Hans G. Trüper : Our Wolfsburg, its builder Carl Grimm and your heraldry. In: Schaumburger Zeitung. 103. Oldenburg 2011.
Web links
- Website of the gymnastics club in CC Schaumburgia as the owner of Wolfsburg
- Architectural information with a photo of Wolfsburg
- Description of the courtyards on the Schlossberg
Individual evidence
- ^ Marburg: under possession, manorial rule and landowner d) Noble castle seats. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on July 6, 2012 .
- ↑ List of castle fiefs in different places. Regesta of the Landgraves of Hesse (as of October 12, 2011). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on July 6, 2012 .
- ↑ Hermann Randermann: The Wolfsburg. In: Festschrift for the 80th Foundation Festival of the Gymnastics Association Schaumburgia in the CC in Marburg. Oldenburg 1960. pp. 93-94.
- ↑ Hermann Randermann: The Wolfsburg. In: Festschrift for the 80th Foundation Festival of the Gymnastics Association Schaumburgia in the CC in Marburg. Oldenburg 1960. p. 99ff.
- ↑ Oberhessische Presse: 13 courtyards at the foot of the Schlossberg, accessed on July 6, 2012 ( Memento of the original of March 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Hans G. Trüper : Our Wolfsburg, its builder Karl Grimm and your heraldry. In: Schaumburger Zeitung. 103. Oldenburg 2011. pp. 55-56.
- ↑ Hans G. Trüper: Our Wolfsburg, its builder Karl Grimm and your heraldry. In: Schaumburger Zeitung. 103. Oldenburg 2011. pp. 62-65.
Coordinates: 50 ° 48 '34.3 " N , 8 ° 46' 8.6" E