Xenon tetrafluoride

Structural formula
General
Surname	Xenon tetrafluoride
other names	Xenon (IV) fluoride
Molecular formula	XeF 4
Brief description	colorless solid
External identifiers / databases
EC number	237-260-1
ECHA InfoCard	100,033,858
PubChem	123324
ChemSpider	109927
Wikidata	Q409288
properties
Molar mass	207.28 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	4.04 g cm −3
Sublimation point	115.75 ° C
Vapor pressure	3.3 hPa (25 ° C)
solubility	Hydrolysis in water
safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling ; no classification available
GHS hazard labeling ; no classification available
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Xenon tetrafluoride is one of the few noble gas compounds and one of the first (1962) discovered from two elements.

Extraction and presentation

Xenon tetrafluoride can be produced by reacting the elements xenon and fluorine at 400 ° C and 6 bar or by reacting xenon with oxygen difluoride .

{\ displaystyle {\ ce {Xe + 2 F2 -> XeF4}}}

The standard enthalpy of formation of the exothermic reaction is −278 kJ mol ⁻¹ . The compound can also be obtained by fluorinating xenon difluoride .

{\ displaystyle {\ ce {XeF_2 + F2 -> XeF4}}}

properties

Xenon tetrafluoride crystals (1962)

Physical Properties

Xenon tetrafluoride has a square-planar molecular structure.

At normal pressure and a temperature of 115.75 ° C, it goes directly from the solid to the gaseous state through sublimation . The triple point at which the three phases solid, liquid and gaseous are in equilibrium is at a temperature of 117.10 ° C and a pressure of 1.082 bar. The sublimation pressure function results according to log ₁₀ (P) = −A / T − B log ₁₀ (T) + C (P in Torr, T in K) with A = 3226.27, B = 0.43434 and C = 12 , 301738 in the temperature range from 275 to 390 K. Here, an evaluation according to Clausius-Clapeyron results in a sublimation enthalpy of 60.6 kJ · mol ⁻¹ . The critical temperature is 339 ° C, the critical pressure 70.4 bar, the critical density 1.10 g · cm ⁻³ and the critical volume 189 cm ³ · mol ⁻¹ . The xenon-fluorine distance is 194 pm in the gaseous state and 195.3 pm in the crystal.

Chemical properties

Xenon tetrafluoride is stable under normal conditions, but hydrolyzes to xenon trioxide on contact with water .

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {6 \ XeF_ {4} +12 \ H_ {2} O \ longrightarrow}}

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {2 \ XeO_ {3} +4 \ Xe + 3 \ O_ {2} +24 \ HF}}

The compound is a powerful oxidizing agent . Metallic platinum is oxidized to platinum (IV) fluoride and metallic mercury to mercury (I) fluoride . By hydrogen it will xenon and hydrogen fluoride reduced.

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {XeF_ {4} +2 \ H_ {2} \ longrightarrow}}

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {Xe + 4 \ HF}}

It reacts violently with organic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane . The compound can react explosively on contact with flammable materials such as acetone or light metal powder.

use

Xenon trifluoridohexafluoroantimonate (V) can be obtained by dissolving with antimony pentafluoride SbF ₅ in hydrofluoric acid HF .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds, pp. 4-98. ( Xenon tetrafluoride at WebElements ).
↑ ^a ^b J. G. Malm and CL Chernick: Xenon tetrafluoride . In: Henry F. Holtzclaw, Jr. (Ed.): Inorganic Syntheses . tape 8 . McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1966, pp. 254-258 (English).
^ John L. Huston: Chemical and physical properties of some xenon compounds ; doi : 10.1021 / ic00132a043 .
↑ This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Riedel, E .; Janiak, C .: Inorganic Chemistry , 9th Edition, 2015 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin / Boston, ISBN 978-3-11-035528-4 , pp. 416–417, (accessed via De Gruyter Online)
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Wiberg, E .; Wiberg, N .; Holleman, AF : Inorganische Chemie , 103rd edition, 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin / Boston, ISBN 978-3-11-026932-1 , p. 467, (accessed from De Gruyter Online).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Schreiner, F .; McDonald, GN; Chernick, CL: Vapor pressure and melting points of xenon difluoride and xenon tetrafluoride in J. Phys. Chem. 72 (1968) 1162-1166, doi : 10.1021 / j100850a014 .
↑ Ogrin, T .; Zemva, B .; Bohinc, M .; Slivnik, J .: Critical Constants and Liquid Densities of Xenon Difluoride and Xenon Tetrafluoride in J. Chem. Eng. Data 17 (1972) 418-419, doi : 10.1021 / je60055a003 .
↑ Entry on xenon connections. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on January 3, 2018.
↑ L. Roth, U. Weller: Hazardous chemical reactions , entry for xenon tetrafluoride, status 72. Supplementary delivery 3/2014, ecomed Verlag Landsberg / Lech, ISBN 978-3609195872 .
↑ P. Boldrini, RJ Gillepsie, PR Ireland, GJ Schrobilgen: Crystal structure of trifluoroxenon (1+) hexafluoroantimonate (1-) . In: Inorganic Chemistry . July 1974, p. 1690 , doi : 10.1021 / ic50137a030 .

[CRC_HANDBOOK-1] David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds, pp. 4-98. ( Xenon tetrafluoride at WebElements ).

[IS8-2] J. G. Malm and CL Chernick: Xenon tetrafluoride . In: Henry F. Holtzclaw, Jr. (Ed.): Inorganic Syntheses . tape 8 . McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1966, pp. 254-258 (English).

[3] John L. Huston: Chemical and physical properties of some xenon compounds ; doi : 10.1021 / ic00132a043 .

[NV-4] This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.

[Riedel-5] Riedel, E .; Janiak, C .: Inorganic Chemistry , 9th Edition, 2015 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin / Boston, ISBN 978-3-11-035528-4 , pp. 416–417, (accessed via De Gruyter Online)

[Holleman-Wiberg2017-6] Wiberg, E .; Wiberg, N .; Holleman, AF : Inorganische Chemie , 103rd edition, 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin / Boston, ISBN 978-3-11-026932-1 , p. 467, (accessed from De Gruyter Online).

[Schreiner-7] Schreiner, F .; McDonald, GN; Chernick, CL: Vapor pressure and melting points of xenon difluoride and xenon tetrafluoride in J. Phys. Chem. 72 (1968) 1162-1166, doi : 10.1021 / j100850a014 .

[Ogrin-8] Ogrin, T .; Zemva, B .; Bohinc, M .; Slivnik, J .: Critical Constants and Liquid Densities of Xenon Difluoride and Xenon Tetrafluoride in J. Chem. Eng. Data 17 (1972) 418-419, doi : 10.1021 / je60055a003 .

[Roempp-9] Entry on xenon connections. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on January 3, 2018.

[Roth_Weller-10] L. Roth, U. Weller: Hazardous chemical reactions , entry for xenon tetrafluoride, status 72. Supplementary delivery 3/2014, ecomed Verlag Landsberg / Lech, ISBN 978-3609195872 .

[BUCH2-11] P. Boldrini, RJ Gillepsie, PR Ireland, GJ Schrobilgen: Crystal structure of trifluoroxenon (1+) hexafluoroantimonate (1-) . In: Inorganic Chemistry . July 1974, p. 1690 , doi : 10.1021 / ic50137a030 .