Zantedeschien
| Zantedeschien | ||||||||||||
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Zantedeschia Neon Amour |
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| Scientific name of the tribe | ||||||||||||
| Zantedeschieae | ||||||||||||
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| Zantedeschia | ||||||||||||
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The Zantedeschien ( Zantedeschia ) are the only genus of the tribe Zantedeschieae in the family of the arum family (Araceae).
Calla , kalla or, rarely, calla lilies are used as trivial names for four of the eight Zantedeschia species, but they should not be confused with lilies or plant species of the genus Calla . Some species and varieties are rare houseplants . The name Calla is derived from the ancient Greek word καλός kalós and means "beautiful". Mythological name cousins are the nymph Callisto and the muse of poetry and science Calliope .
description
Zantedeschien are perennial herbaceous plants that reach heights of up to 2.5 meters. They form a creeping rhizome or tubers as a permanent organ. Some species are evergreen, others pull in their leaves at unfavorable times of the year. The basal leaves are - in contrast to many other genera of the monocot plants - petiolate; the leaf blades are glossy green and often arrow-shaped.
As with all arum plants, the inflorescence is formed on a leafless inflorescence stem: a single, often strikingly colored bract , the spathe , surrounds the piston. The large and clearly pointed spathe can be white or yellow, rarely also red, there is a wide range of different colors in cultivars. Zantedeschien are single sexed ( monoecious ). Many flowers stand together in the piston ( spadix ) . In the lower part of the bulb there is a zone with only female flowers; in the longer upper area there are only male flowers. The small flowers are reduced and have no bracts . Male flowers contain two to three stamens . The female flowers are three carpels to syncarp ovary grown.
They make green or orange berries . The seeds are spherical to ovoid.
All parts of Zantedeschia aethiopica are slightly poisonous and cause severe irritation of the mucous membranes. The superfluous fluid that the zantine leaves secrete on the tips of the leaves is also poisonous and causes a rash and nettle rash on contact.
distribution
All species are native to Africa. They are most common in the provinces of South Africa in the Capensis ( Cape Province , KwaZulu-Natal and Free State ) as well as in the countries of Swaziland and Lesotho . The genus is also found further north in Angola , Kenya , Malawi , Zambia , Zimbabwe and Nigeria . The natural habitat of the summer blooming forms is a warm climate with precipitation that falls mainly in winter. The other species, such as Zantedeschia aethiopica and Zantedeschia odorata, grow in areas with summer rain and bloom in winter. The plants often thrive in swampy areas.
As original marsh plants, the zantedeschia species need a lot of water. Drying out the roots should be avoided, especially during the growth phase. After flowering, the Zantedeschia has a resting phase in which the plant does not need any water. Zimmer callas are mostly Zantedeschia aethiopica , which blooms from January to April. She too has her resting phase after the flowering phase. Zantedeschias need slightly sandy and, above all, extremely nutrient-rich soil for optimal growth.
Systematics
The genus Zantedeschia was established in 1826 by Kurt Sprengel in Systema Vegetabilium, editio decima sexta , 3, pp. 756, 765. The botanical genus name Zantedeschia honors the Italian doctor and botanist Giovanni Zantedeschi (1773–1846). The type species is Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng. which was first published by Carl von Linné as Calla aethiopica . Syn. For Zantedeschia Spreng. are Pseudohomalomena A.D. Hawkes , Richardia Kunth . Zantedeschia is the only genus of the tribe Zantedeschieae in the subfamily Aroideae in the family Araceae . The Tribus Zantedeschieae was set up by Adolf Engler .
There are eight species of Zantedeschia :
- Common Calla or Zimmercalla ( Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng. , Syn . : Calla aethiopica L. ): It is native to southern Africa.
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Spotted calla ( Zantedeschia albomaculata (Hook.) Baill. ): It occurs from Tanzania , Democratic Republic of the Congo , Angola , Malawi , Zambia , Zimbabwe to South Africa . With two subspecies:
- Zantedeschia albomaculata (Hook.) Baill. subsp. albomaculata : It occurs from Nigeria to Tanzania and in southern Africa.
- Zantedeschia albomaculata subsp. macrocarpa (English) Letty : It occurs only in southern Africa.
- Golden Calla or Elliott Calla ( Zantedeschia elliottiana (W. Watson) Engl. ): It is only known from culture, but may occur wild in the eastern Transvaal ( Mpumalanga province ).
- Zantedeschia jucunda Letty : It occurs only in northern South Africa.
- Zantedeschia odorata P.L. Perry : It occurs only in the Cape Province.
- Zantedeschia pentlandii (W. Watson) Wittm. : It occurs only in the eastern Transvaal in the Mpumalanga province.
- Pink calla or Rehmann calla ( Zantedeschia rehmannii Engl. ): It occurs only from Mozambique to South Africa.
- Zantedeschia valida (Letty) Y.Singh : It is only found in KwaZulu-Natal .
use
Many varieties are used as ornamental plants.
Little is known about further human use. The leaves of Zantedeschia aethiopica are eaten cooked (all parts of the plant are poisonous when raw).
In funeral floristry it is used as a symbol of immortality. In white it has long been considered the "flower of the dead". In flower arrangements, the different varieties stand for modernity and elegance and are given away as symbols of beauty and recognition. Due to its special flower shape, which is reminiscent of a chalice, the Greeks and Romans associated it with celebrations and joy. The zantedeschia is therefore still a good luck charm in many areas.
sorts
Many varieties have been bred that are used as ornamental plants (selection):
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photos
Spotted calla ( Zantedeschia albomaculata ):
Common calla ( Zantedeschia aethiopica ):
Individual evidence
- ↑ The noble Calla ennobles every room. In: Presseportal.de. Retrieved May 27, 2015 .
- ^ Entry in the Flora of Pakistan .
- ↑ Zimmerkalla ( Zantedeschia aethiopica ) ( Memento of the original from June 1, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. : Entry at the information center against poisoning ( University Hospital Bonn ).
- ↑ Kurt Sprengel: Systema Vegetabilium, editio decima sexta , 3, 1826 p. 756, 765 scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org.
- ^ A b Zantedeschia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Zantedeschia aethiopica at plantzafrica.com.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Zantedeschia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 15, 2018.
- ↑ Zantedeschia aethiopica at Plants for A Future .
- ↑ The Calla. In: Tollwasblumenmachen.de (Initiative of the Holland Flower Office ). Retrieved April 23, 2018 .
further reading
- RC Snijder: Genetics of Erwinia resistance in Zantedeschia: impact of plastome-genome incompatibility. , PhD thesis, Wageningen University, 2004. ISBN 90-5808-975-4 .
