United Henriette Colliery (Essen)

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United Henriette colliery
General information about the mine
other names Henriette colliery
Funding / year Max. 61,805 t
Information about the mining company
Employees until approx. 238
Start of operation 18th century
End of operation 1878
Successor use Steingatt colliery
Funded raw materials
Degradation of Hard coal
Geographical location
Coordinates 51 ° 24 '16.7 "  N , 7 ° 5' 18"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 24 '16.7 "  N , 7 ° 5' 18"  E
United Henriette Colliery (Ruhr Regional Association)
United Henriette colliery
Location United Henriette colliery
Location Byfang
local community eat
Independent city ( NUTS3 ) eat
country State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country Germany
District Ruhr area

The United Henriette colliery in Essen-Byfang is a former hard coal mine . The mine was initially only called the Zeche Henriette . In the pit of the United Henriette colliery, coal was mined by means of tunnel construction as early as the 18th century .

history

The beginnings

Based on the Byfanger Observanz , dismantling was carried out in the 18th century ; there was no authorization . At least three to four tunnels were set up from the Ruhr valley . The tunnels were located about 100 meters south of the Deipenbecktal on today's Langenbecker Straße. The amount obtained was 46 laughs. The coal extracted was transported to a coal storage facility on the Ruhr. In 1832 became the civil engineering has passed and it was begun to seigeren Kunstschacht Wilhelmine abzuteufen . The starting point for the shaft was north of Nöckersberg. In that year, the authorized person included a square . In the following year, the shaft reached the daily conveyor tunnel at a depth of 13 puddles. In 1833 the Wilhelmine shaft reached the first underground level at a depth of 42½ Lachtern, and mining began in the same year . In addition, a steam engine for drainage was put into operation that year .

The other years

In 1835 a steam hoisting machine was put into operation, in the same year the hoisting machine was equipped with an iron hauling rope . It was the second hoisting machine in the Ruhr mining industry to be equipped with a hoisting rope made of steel wire. On September 26, 1836, the Geviertfeld Henriette was awarded . In the following year, the United Henriette colliery was the second largest colliery in the Ruhr area. In 1840 the Wilhelmine shaft was sunk deeper. In 1843, the second underground level was set at a depth of 211 meters (−128 meters above sea ​​level ) . In the following year, the midsole was set at a depth of 143 meters (−60 meters above sea level). In 1853 the 3rd level was mined. The coal mined was conveyed to the bottom of the tunnel and from there to the coal deposition on the Ruhr . In 1854, space was created in the shaft for a now planned driving art . Alignment work on the midsole and the 2nd underground level went according to plan. On both levels, the route was conveyed by means of pit horses . At this point in time, this form of route funding was set up on both floors over a length of 570 pods each and was continuously expanded. At that time the mine was part of the Essen Mining Authority. In 1855, work on the jigs and fixtures in the mine was continued. However, the construction of the planned driving art has not yet started. In the following year, the alignment and fixture work was continued quickly.

In 1857 there was a sharp drop in production due to significant operational problems. Nevertheless, the alignment work could be continued without any problems. The decline in production continued in 1858 as a result of the considerable operational problems. No alignment work was carried out this year. The basic routes had been rebuilt for mining using pit horses . The dewatering machine had meanwhile been improved by a new shaft linkage. In order to improve the train of the steam boiler , a new forge had been built above ground . In 1861 operations were suspended due to bad weather conditions . The alignment and fixture work was continued this year. The cross passage was driven further from the bottom section of Flöz Wecklenbank. The south wing of the Wecklenbank seam was passed through with this cross passage. The seam in this area was 30 inches thick and dipped 88 gons south. In addition, the Sandbank and Goldfinke seams were further aligned. In the course of the year, the Geitling and Wecklenbank seams were put into operation. At that time, the mine was part of the Altendorf mining area . In 1862 all operations were resumed. On the second building level, the cross passage to the south in the Wecklenbank seam was driven by 9½ lights. The cross passage reached a length of 31 laughs by the end of the year. During the excavation, the Putmade seam was cut through. The seam was 73 inches thick, including an eleven inch thick layer of fire slate. In 1863 the cross passage on the midsole was driven to a length of 57¾ laughs. During the drive, the Pufmate seam was cut through. In addition, with the cross passage to the Goldfinke seam, the Goldfinke seam was opened up with a driveway length of 13½ Lachtern. In the same year a contract was signed with the United Himmelsfürster Erbstollen colliery. The contract gave the United Himmelsfürster Erbstollen colliery permission to mine coal iron in the United Henriette colliery.

The last few years

In 1867 the pit sank due to heavy rainfalls and the ingress of water from the Ruhr and had to be swamped in September of the same year . In 1870 the mine was temporarily shut down due to the Ruhr floods. In 1871 only a small amount of funding was made. Between the years 1863 and 1871, a total of 19,500 tons of ore were mined at the United Himmelsfürster Erbstollen colliery. In 1872, coal and iron rock continued to be mined. In 1878 the United Henriette colliery was closed. On May 29 of the following year, the United Henriette colliery was initially taken over by the Steingatt colliery . In the course of the year it was then consolidated with the Steingatt mine.

Promotion and workforce

The first known production figures come from the year 1836, when 80,713¼ tons of hard coal were produced. The first known workforce numbers come from the year 1837, at that time 214 miners were employed in the mine, who produced 150,420½ tons of Prussian hard coal. In 1840 the production sank to 117,360¾ Prussian tons of hard coal. In 1842 the production fell again to 108,170 Prussian tons of hard coal. In 1847 460,232 bushels of hard coal were mined. In 1850 39,546 tons of hard coal were mined. In 1855, with 214 employees, 47,523 tons of hard coal were mined. In the years 1857/58, production fell to less than 150,000 Prussian tons of hard coal. In 1859 the production was 169,515 Prussian tons, the workforce was 177 employees. In 1860 the production increased again to 50,080 tons, this production was provided by 194 miners. In 1863 a production of 172,505 Prussian tons was achieved. The workforce was 154 this year. In 1865, 165,527 Prussian tons of hard coal were mined with 152 employees. This made the United Henriette colliery one of the mines with the highest production in the Düsseldorf administrative region this year . In 1867, 81 miners extracted 207,758 bushels of hard coal. In 1870, 155 employees mined 35,784 tons of hard coal. The maximum production was achieved in 1873 by 238 employees, 61,805 tons of hard coal were produced. In 1875 the production sank to 46,277 tons, this production was provided by 202 employees. The last known production and workforce figures for the mine are from 1877, in that year, 165 employees produced 30,969 tons of hard coal.

What is left

The driveways to the Theodor-Heuss-Brücke are located in the area of ​​the tunnel mouth holes of the then United Henriette colliery .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144) 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Verlag Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor to Hans Köster KG, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .
  3. ^ A b c d e f g Karlheinz Rabas, Karl Albert Rubacht: Mining history atlas for the city of Essen . 1st edition, Regio Verlag, Werne 2008, ISBN 978-3-929158-22-9 .
  4. ↑ R. v. Carnall (Hrsg.): Journal for the mountain, hut and saltworks in the Prussian state. Third volume, published by Wilhelm Hertz , Berlin 1856
  5. ↑ R. v. Carnall (Hrsg.): Journal for the mountain, hut and saltworks in the Prussian state. Fourth volume, published by Wilhelm Hertz , Berlin 1857
  6. ↑ R. v. Carnall (Hrsg.): Journal for the mountain, hut and saltworks in the Prussian state. Fifth volume, published by Wilhelm Hertz , Berlin 1858.
  7. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Sixth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1858
  8. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Seventh volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1859.
  9. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Tenth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1862.
  10. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Eleventh volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1863.
  11. ↑ a b Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Twelfth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1864
  12. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Eighth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1860.
  13. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Volume fourteenth, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1866

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