Zinc sulfate

Structural formula
General
Surname	Zinc sulfate
other names	Zinc (II) sulfate; Zinc vitriol; Bianchite; Boyleit; Goslarite; Gunningit; Zinc melanterite; Zincosite;
Molecular formula	ZnSO 4 ; ZnSO 4 xH 2 O;
Brief description	colorless, rhombohedral crystals
External identifiers / databases
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.904
PubChem	24424
ChemSpider	22833
DrugBank	DB09322
Wikidata	Q204954
Drug information
ATC code	A12 CB01
properties
Molar mass	161.45 g mol −1 (anhydrous); 287.53 g mol −1 (heptahydrate);
Physical state	firmly
density	3.54 g cm −3 (anhydrous); 3.2 g cm −3 (monohydrate); 1.97 g cm −3 (heptahydrate);
Melting point	100 ° C (heptahydrate)
boiling point	680 ° C (decomposition)
solubility	easy in water (monohydrate: 350 g l −1 at 20 ° C; heptahydrate: 965 g l −1 at 20 ° C)
safety instructions
	Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed
H and P phrases	H: 302-318-410
	P: 273-280-305 + 351 + 338-313
Toxicological data	1260 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral , heptahydrate) ; 1710 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral , anhydrous) ;
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Zinc sulfate (ZnSO ₄ ) is the zinc salt of sulfuric acid (common names: sulfuric zinc oxide , zinc vitriol , white vitriol , (white) copper smoke , (white) galitzenstein , eye stone ). It forms colorless crystals; in an anhydrous form it is a white powder.

Occurrence

Zinc sulfate relatively rarely occurs in the form of some crystal hydrate -Mineralien (Zn [SO ₄ ] · xH ₂ O), particularly the Heptahydraten goslarite and Zinkmelanterit , the hexahydrate Bianchit , the tetrahydrate Boyleit and the monohydrate Gunningit very rare as anhydrous mineral and Zinkosit on .

Extraction and presentation

Zinc sulfate is made by dissolving zinc or zinc oxide in dilute sulfuric acid:

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {Zn + H_ {2} SO_ {4} \ longrightarrow ZnSO_ {4} + H_ {2}}}

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {ZnO + H_ {2} SO_ {4} \ longrightarrow ZnSO_ {4} + H_ {2} O}}

It can also be by the action of zinc on most heavy metal sulfates gain, wherein the heavy metal in elemental precipitates form. Examples for this are:

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {Zn + CuSO_ {4} \ longrightarrow ZnSO_ {4} + Cu}}

.

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {Zn + FeSO_ {4} \ longrightarrow ZnSO_ {4} + Fe}}

.

It is created by oxidative weathering of zinc blende ( zinc sulfide , ZnS)

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {ZnS + 2 \ O_ {2} \ longrightarrow ZnSO_ {4}}}

.

The resulting mineral ZnSO ₄ · 7H ₂ O is called goslarite .

The Grillo-Werk AG operates at its plant Duisburg-Hamborn 's largest zinc sulfate production in Europe.

properties

Zinc sulfate decomposes at temperatures above 680 ° C. Pure zinc oxide remains above 930 ° C.

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {2 \ ZnSO_ {4} \ longrightarrow 2 \ ZnO + 2 \ SO_ {2} + O_ {2}}}

It crystallizes from its aqueous solutions as zinc vitriol ("White Galitzenstein") in colorless, rhombic crystals with 7 molecules of water (ZnSO ₄ · 7 H ₂ O) (heptahydrate). When heated, it loses its water content and disintegrates into a white powder. Zinc sulphate shows a weakly acidic reaction in aqueous solution due to partial hydrolysis . When the anhydrous salt is dissolved in water, heating occurs; when ZnSO ₄ · 7 H ₂ O is dissolved, on the other hand, cooling occurs.

It weathers superficially in the air through loss of crystal water and melts in its crystal water when heated. It loses a molecule of crystal water at 39 ° C ; At 70 ° C there is only one water molecule that is split off at 240 ° C.

use

Zinc sulphate is used in dyeing , for impregnating wood and for the production of electrolytic zinc . Due to the bactericidal effect of Zn ²⁺ - ion strongly diluted solutions of ZnSO be ₄ (0.1-0.5%) as eyes water at conjunctivitis used.

Zinc sulfate is also used:

in the calico printing
for preserving wood and hides
as a flame retardant
as an additive to varnish to make the oil dry quickly
in fire silver plating
as an active ingredient against herpes labialis
as a bactericidal agent in toothpaste
as a flotation aid in the mining industry

It is also used as an emetic, stain in the textile industry, trace nutrients in fertilizers and is contained in precipitation baths in the extraction of artificial silk. Zinc sulfate is also used for making zinc sulfide - pigments and other zinc compounds, used for flotation of ores, complaining of cotton and in electroplating galvanizing.

proof

Sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) and zinc sulfate give a gelatinous precipitate of zinc hydroxide, which, after moistening with a dilute cobalt salt solution and glowing, gives the so-called Rinman's green .

Barium chloride solution forms a white precipitate of barium sulfate :

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {ZnSO_ {4} + BaCl_ {2} \ longrightarrow ZnCl_ {2} + BaSO_ {4} \ downarrow}}

Zinc sulfate and barium chloride react to form zinc chloride and barium sulfate , which precipitates .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Entry on zinc sulfate. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on June 6, 2014.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Entry on zinc sulfate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 1, 2016(JavaScript required) .
↑ Entry on zinc sulphate in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers and / or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
^ IMA / CNMNC List of Mineral Names; November 2017 ( Memento from April 17, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF 1.67 MB)
↑ Grillo-Werke AG | ZINC SULFATE . ( grillo.de [accessed November 8, 2018]).
↑ See for example Jürgen Martin: The 'Ulmer Wundarznei'. Introduction - Text - Glossary on a monument to German specialist prose from the 15th century. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1991 (= Würzburg medical-historical research. Volume 52), ISBN 3-88479-801-4 (also medical dissertation Würzburg 1990), p. 129.
^ Pharmaceutical newspaper Online: Herpes labialis - News from Therapy and Research , 47/2008.

[roempp-1] Entry on zinc sulfate. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on June 6, 2014.

[GESTIS-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Entry on zinc sulfate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 1, 2016(JavaScript required) .

[CLP_100.028.904-3] Entry on zinc sulphate in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers and / or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[4] IMA / CNMNC List of Mineral Names; November 2017 ( Memento from April 17, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF 1.67 MB)

[5] Grillo-Werke AG | ZINC SULFATE . ( grillo.de [accessed November 8, 2018]).

[6] See for example Jürgen Martin: The 'Ulmer Wundarznei'. Introduction - Text - Glossary on a monument to German specialist prose from the 15th century. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1991 (= Würzburg medical-historical research. Volume 52), ISBN 3-88479-801-4 (also medical dissertation Würzburg 1990), p. 129.

[7] Pharmaceutical newspaper Online: Herpes labialis - News from Therapy and Research , 47/2008.