Zottbach
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Zottbach Oberlaufname: Zollbach (Celní potok) |
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 Zottbach near Neuenhammer |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | CZ : 4-01-02-027, DE : 1446 | |
| location | Upper Palatinate | |
| River system | Danube | |
| Drain over | Pfreimd → Naab → Danube → Black Sea | |
| source | on the northeast slope of the Glaserberg (Mraveniště vrch, 813 m) 49 ° 45 ′ 52 ″ N , 12 ° 25 ′ 39 ″ E |
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| Source height | approx. 740 m nm | |
| muzzle | about 500 m south of Lohma Coordinates: 49 ° 36 '52 " N , 12 ° 25' 29" E 49 ° 36 '52 " N , 12 ° 25' 29" E |
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| Mouth height | approx. 484 m above sea level NN | |
| Height difference | approx. 256 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 8.9 ‰ | |
| length | approx. 28.9 km | |
| Catchment area | 98.62 km² | |
The Zottbach is a stream that has its source in the Czech Republic . There it is called Celní potok (German: Zollbach). At Waldheim it crosses the German-Czech border, flows through the communities Georgenberg and Pleystein and finally flows south of Lohma from the right into the Pfreimd .
geography
course
The sources of the Zottbach in the upper reaches of Zollbach are located in a wetland between the north-eastern slope of the Glaserberg (Mraveniště vrch, 813 m), the eastern slope of the Jelenec and the southern slope of the 772-meter-high Mokřiny in Czech territory. From there it makes its way to the southeast. In doing so, he takes in numerous streams coming from the right and left, which arise on the slopes of the surrounding mountains. After about a kilometer, it reaches the Ve spáleném wetland at an altitude of 700 meters. Now the Zollbach turns south. After another 500 meters, it flows east past the former village of Goldbach ( Zlatý Potok ).
The Mühlberg (Mlýnský vrch, 728 m), the ridge U rybnika (694 m) and the Hüttenberg (Huťský vrch, 701 m) are located on the east bank of the Zollbach from north to south.
On the west bank of the Zollbach are the Havránek (784 m) and the Kamenec (742 m) from north to south.
The Zollbach passes the Hedwigssäge (U Hedvičiny pily).
At the foot of the Hüttenberg the Kaltwasserbach (Huťský potok) joins the Zollbach from the left at the former new building. The cold water stream comes from the Plesmetzberg (Knižecí stream, 829 m). It flows through the former places Inselthal (Ostrůvek), Neufürstenhütte (Nová Knižecí Huť), Annaschleife.
The Zollbach continues to flow through the former settlements Ernstsäge, Annapolier (U Anenské leštírny), Josefsthal (Josefovo údolí), Altpocher , Böhmischdorf (Česká Ves).
After 9.3 kilometers from the source, the Zollbach reaches the German-Czech border. Here he changes his name from Zollbach to Zottbach. Its catchment area on Czech territory is 33.53 km² up to now.
Before entering German territory, the Zahájský potok joins from the left. In the vicinity of this point were the former localities Böhmisch Neuhäusl , Wacholderstaude, Neumühle, Neuweiherhäuser, Vorder- and Hinter-Waldheim, Trothäuser, Hagenloh and others. The Fressbachl (Potůček) also joins the Zottbach from the left directly on the border.
In German territory, the Zottbach flows through Waldheim and turns to the west at a right angle behind it. It flows through Lösselmühle, Georgenberg, Danzerschleif, Glasschleif, Galsterlohe and turns south again at Danzermühle.
On the following stretch, many streams flow into the Zottbach from the left and some from the right. After paper mill, Neuenhammer, Hammermühle, Schmidtlerschleif, Prollermühle, the Zottbach flows through a narrow valley between Birkenbühl and Leo-Maduschka-Felsen.
Past Hagenmühle, Schafbruck, Peugenhammer, Pingermühle, the Zottbach flows around the higher Pleystein in an arc facing east. After Finkenhammer, Bartlmühle, Trutzhof , Berglerschleif, Lohma Siedlung, the Zottbach reaches Lohma and flows a few hundred meters south into the Pfreimd.
Its length on German territory is 19.39 kilometers, its catchment area 60.45 km².
Catchment area
The 98.62 km² catchment area lies between that of the Raunetbach , which also flows into the Pfreimd, in the east and that of the Floß and Waldnaab in the north and west. Overall - also via tributaries only after crossing the border - about two fifths of them are on Czech territory.
Map with all coordinates of the mouths of the tributaries: OSM | WikiMap
Tributaries
From the origin to the mouth. Selection.
- Goldbach (Zlatý potok) from the right ⊙
- Cold water stream (Huťský potok) from the left ⊙
- Zahájský potok from the left ⊙
- Fressbächl (Potůček) from the left ⊙
- Modelbach from the left ⊙
- Bernlohbach from the left ⊙
- Drachselbächl from the right ⊙
- Papiererbächl from the right ⊙
- Kreuzbuchenbach from the right ⊙
- Brentenbächl from the right ⊙
- Viertenbächl from the right ⊙
- Silver fountain from the right ⊙
- Schwarzbrunnenbach from the right ⊙
- Kochbach from the left ⊙
- Mühlbach from the left ⊙
- Schillhopfenbach from the right ⊙
- Zollgraben from the right ⊙
- Pflaumbach from the right ⊙
- Lehlingbach from the right ⊙
- Fuchsenwiesgraben from the right ⊙
history
As the course of the Zottbach already made clear, there were numerous hammers, saws, paper mills, glass works, grinding and polishing works on the Zottbach and its tributaries.
The water power of the Zottbach was already used for mills before the 14th century. In the 14th century, many mills were converted into hammer mills and additional hammer mills were founded. On the Zottbach these were Pleystein, Peugenhammer, Hammermühle, Neuenhammer, Faislbach and Gehenhammer.
Many of these hammer mills perished in the Thirty Years War . At the Zottbach, Pleystein and Peugenhammer remained. Some hammer mills were converted into mills with an attached sawmill in the 17th century.
In the 18th century, the former hammers and mills were converted into mirror grinding and polishing works. They obtained raw glass from the glassworks in Bohemia and Frankenreuth and used it to manufacture cut glasses and mirrors. This refined glass was sold to Nuremberg and Fürth. At the Zottbach there were the mirror grinding and polishing works Danzerschleif, Galsterlohe, Hagenmühle and Bartlmühle in the 18th century.
In the 19th century, many mirror grinding and polishing works were newly founded or new systems were installed in older mills. At the Zottbach, the Hagenmühle was modernized or re-established in 1832, Schafbruck in 1845, Schönschleif in 1847, Finkenhammer in 1851 and Neuenhammer in 1854.
Due to the remote and poor traffic situation, these businesses began to decline rapidly in the 20th century. The First World War and inflation had an intensifying effect .
Many glassworks and grinding and polishing works belonged to the Jewish glass entrepreneur family Kupfer & Glaser, which had been involved in glass production since the 18th century. These included the Zottbach and its tributaries Goldbach, Neufürstenhütte, Waldheim, Galsterloh, Neuenhammer, Schmittlerwerk, Hagenmühle, Schafbruckmühle, Finkenhammer and Lohma. When the National Socialists came to power in Germany, Jewish entrepreneurs were forced to sell their property cheaply and go into exile. Max, Otto, Moritz and Robert Kupfer, who held leading positions in glass production, were murdered in concentration camps in 1941 and 1942. Dr. Hermann Glaser survived in exile in Shanghai.
tourism
The Zottbachtal-Radweg, which connects the Waldnaabtal-Radweg with the Pfreimdtal-Radweg, runs along the Zottbach .
Individual evidence
- ^ Pavel Valtr: Český les - jih , územní study
- ↑ Height queried (with a right click) on the BayernAtlas.
- ↑ a b c d Length and catchment area according to: Directory of stream and river areas in Bavaria - Naab river area, page 85 of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment, as of 2016 (PDF; 4.0 MB)
- ↑ Fritsch hiking map of the Northern Upper Palatinate Forest Nature Park, scale 1: 50,000
- ^ Pavel Valtr: Český les - jih , územní study
- ↑ Český les Tachovsko. SHOCart spol. sroZádveřice 48, 76312 Vizovice, 2010, ISBN 978-80-7224-355-6
- ↑ http://geoportal.bayern.de/bayernatlas/?bgLayer=tk&X=5514284.45&Y=4530522.27&zoom=10&lang=de&topic=ba&catalogNodes=122
- ↑ Český les Tachovsko. SHOCart spol. sroZádveřice 48, 76312 Vizovice, 2010, ISBN 978-80-7224-355-6
- ↑ http://geoportal.bayern.de/bayernatlas/?bgLayer=tk&X=5514284.45&Y=4530522.27&zoom=10&lang=de&topic=ba&catalogNodes=122
- ^ Pavel Valtr: Český les - jih , územní study
- ↑ Fritsch hiking map of the Northern Upper Palatinate Forest Nature Park, scale 1: 50,000
- ↑ Reinhard H. Seitz: From the northern forest to the Vohenstrauß district. In: Gerhard Gietl and Alfred Hoeppner (editors): The district of Vohenstrauß. Publishing house for authorities and economy R. Alfred Hoeppner, Aßling / Obb. and Munich 1969, p. 48.
- ↑ Michael Müller: The mirror glass dynasty "Copper and Glass" and the Frankenreuth glassworks (Opf.). (No longer available online.) Pp. 5, 6, 7 , archived from the original on December 8, 2015 ; accessed on October 27, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://naturparkland.de/radurlaub/radwege-und-radtouren/zottbachtal-radweg/
literature
- Hiking map of the Northern Upper Palatinate Forest Nature Park, Bohemian Forest , scale 1: 50,000, Fritsch maps and maps. Geodata sales company UG, Hof / Saale
- Hiking map of Český les Tachovsko. , Scale 1: 50,000, SHOCart spol. sroZádveřice 48, 76312 Vizovice, 2010, ISBN 978-80-7224-355-6
