Zschonergrund

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Zschonergrund
Map of the Zschonergrund (1745)

The Zschonergrund , also Zschoner Grund or Zschone for short , is a landscape protection area (d35) in the west of Dresden , through which the Zschonerbach flows. The valley begins in the Dresden district of Zöllmen , crosses Ockerwitz and Briesnitz and ends in Kemnitz , where the stream flows into the Elbe near the A4 motorway bridge. With its meadow and forest landscape, the valley is a popular recreational area.

history

The Zschonergrund was already used economically in the Middle Ages. This is how the farmers of the neighboring farms harvested hay in the meadows. Wine grew on the slopes, later this was replaced by fruit trees. The Zschonergrund was also a hunting ground for the Crown Prince.

Mills on the Zschonerbach

There are three former watermills on the course of the Zschonerbach . A mill on the Zschonerbach was mentioned as early as 1324, but its current location is unknown.

Weltemühle

Weltemühle (1927)

The world mill in Kemnitz was built as a grinding mill in 1566. However, it only existed for a short time, as the electoral forest masters of the surrounding forests saw their game population threatened by the mill. Elector August also saw the game population in the electoral hunting grounds in danger by clearing the forest and ordered the newly built mill to be torn down in the same year. 1608 Kemnitzer was village judge Nicholas Fehrmann by Elector Christian II. Permission to build a "mill on the Zschornbach in Kemnitz" . The mill later came into the possession of the eponymous farming family Welte. In the 18th century, Elector Augustus the Strong tried in vain to withdraw the mill rights from the owners in order to be able to use the surrounding forests as a hunting area again. The Weltes have been using the mill as a bar since 1870, which they sold to the Briesnitz innkeeper Birnbaum in 1899. Under the new owners, the property developed into a popular excursion restaurant in Dresden. Structural extensions led to the establishment of a ballroom and a large guest garden. During the Second World War there was an air raid school here . Then the mill was used again as a pub until 1954. A leatherette factory later moved into the building. With the abandonment of commercial use, the gradual structural decline began. After 1990 parts of the building were demolished. By 1997 the remaining buildings were reconstructed and converted into a hotel and restaurant. Since 2012 the property has been run by the Grand City Hotels hotel group as "Hotel Villa Weltemühle Dresden".

Zschonermühle

Zschonermühle (1927)

The origins of the Zschonermühle probably go back to the 15th century. In 1570, the miller Gregor Götze told Elector August that the mill had been in the family of his deceased wife for over 150 years. Today's building was rebuilt (probably after a fire) in 1730, as evidenced by the name on the gable of the main house. In 1812 the mill became the property of the Kunze family. Daniel Gottfried Kunze names an inscription plate above the main house as the new owner. The Zschonermühle also developed into a popular excursion destination at the end of the 19th century. One of the visitors to the mill at the time was August Bebel , who spoke to Dresden workers in the tap garden. The grinding operation was finally stopped in 1917, but the grinding technology was retained. After the end of the Second World War , the inn was also closed. The last mill owner of the Kunze family left a dilapidated mill property after his death in 1984. However, the first securing work took place in the 1980s. After a sale, the property was gradually rebuilt in accordance with the listed buildings. In 1991 a new overshot water wheel with a diameter of 6 meters and an output of six hp was installed. The reconstructed grinder was put into operation in 1994. Today the mill is used as a restaurant, museum and for various events (cabaret with theater, cinema and puppet show).

  • Zschonermühle in 2008

  • Flume and overshot water wheel of the Zschonermühle

  • overshot water wheel of the Zschonermühle with a diameter of 6 meters

  • The Zschonerbach ("tame Zschone") between the Zschonermühle and the "Gabe Gottes Erbstolln"

Schulzenmühle

The Schulzenmühle near Steinbach was first mentioned in 1540 as the Steinbacher Mühle. Possibly the mill belonged to the village of Zschon , which fell into desolation before 1566 , from which the name of the land is derived. On the main building there is an inscription from 1719, which Georg Pietzsch names as the owner. In 1819 a Dutch windmill was built to the west of the mill on the Mühlberg , but it was demolished in 1880 due to a lack of profitability. In 1844 a new mill pond was built, seven years later a new water wheel with a diameter of 8.5 meters was installed. In 1860 the mill came into the possession of the Schulze family that gave it its name. At this point in time, the bread bakery, agriculture, brandy distillery and the developing restaurant formed the further economic pillars of the property. In the years to come, the mill increasingly developed into a restaurant for excursions. In 1928 the milling operation was stopped. The restaurant business came to a standstill in 1962. In 1979 the Schulze family began to gradually modernize the building. Today the Schulzenmühle is used as a restaurant.

Mining

View over the Zschonerbach to the mouth of the "Gabe Gottes Erbstolln" (status 2011)

In 1763, the silver mine Gabe Gottes Erbstolln in the Zschonergrund below the Zschonermühle was assumed to be a self- wage mine . However, the rock samples sent by the mine operators to the Freiberg mining authority did not reveal any ore grades. The operators then carried out melting tests themselves. In 1768, Elias Unger, the referee, told the Mining Authority that in 1765 the Dresden smelter had succeeded in smelting 2½ marks of silver and ½ lot of gold from a rock sample of 7 quintals . The officials of the Oberbergamt, however, doubted the accuracy of this information, since their own melting attempts with the samples of the Gabe Gottes Erbstolln had been unsuccessful. The Oberbergamt doubted that the rock samples brought to the melt actually came from the Zschonergrund. Rock samples sent to the mining authority in spring 1777 confirmed the suspicion that no ores could be smelted. At this point the tunnel had reached a length of 60 pools (approx. 120 meters). After another unsuccessful trial smelting in 1778, the mine was closed. The designation "Silberloch" or "Silbergrube" still reminds of the unsuccessful mining attempt. The guarded tunnel mouth hole (popularly known as the “robber's cave”) can still be seen today.

There were also several stone quarries and large Rotliegend quarries in the lower valley near the village of Pennrich. There is an abandoned syenodiorite quarry between the Schulzenmühle and the Zschonermühle .

The Zschonergrundbad opened in 2015

Zschonergrund light and air bath

On May 14, 1927, an open-air swimming pool, the “Zschonergrund light and air bath” (Zschonergrundbad) was opened in the valley near Kemnitz on the site of a three-sided courtyard . The property lies on the steep northern slope of the Zschonergrund. The construction of the bath was a requirement of the village of Briesnitz before it was incorporated into Dresden. The construction was planned by the city planning officer Paul Wolf . The swimming pool was 33 ⅓ m long and 16 m wide. The pool was divided into an 11 m wide section for swimmers and a 5 m wide section for non-swimmers by a floating beam. A 3 m high diving platform was arranged on the narrow side. With extensive use of the older buildings on the site of the former Kommerstädtschen estate, cash registers and laundry dispensers, pre-cleaning rooms with preheating basins, changing rooms, refreshment rooms, shelters etc. were created. The meadows of the 1½ hectare site were available for sunbathing and also contained a tower and playground.

In 1988 the bath was closed due to structural defects. In the early 1990s, private investors planned to build three tennis halls and six tennis courts or a row of houses on the site. After a signature campaign, the city of Dresden was persuaded to hand over the bath to IG Briesnitz for reconstruction. In addition, the facility was placed under monument protection. Since 1996, the area has been financed by donations from the NaturKulturBad Zschonergrund eV association and converted into a natural swimming pool with voluntary work . It reopened in May 2015. By then, around 500,000 euros had been invested. On an area of ​​32,000 square meters there is a beer garden, a volleyball field and several terraces next to the natural swimming pond. Since it is a natural pool, only 500 guests can be in the bathroom at the same time.

In the evaluation of around 60,000 visitor ratings of outdoor pools in Germany on the portal testreports.de, the Zschonergrundbad received the highest rating with 4.7 out of 5 stars. In August 2018, the pool was recognized as an official project as part of the UN Decade of Biodiversity and named project of the week.

Others

The hut village against the construction of the A17 motorway in the Zschonergrund

A hiking trail designed as a nature trail leads through the entire valley . The extensive orchards on the slopes of the valley and the vineyards to the village of Merbitz also attracted walkers at the beginning of the 20th century. In the 1920s, even building a tram through the ground was considered. These plans were probably not carried out for reasons of nature conservation. Many of the orchards have been rejuvenated, cared for and replanted since 2008. In 2009, pupils from the surrounding primary schools created a discovery trail through the orchards between Zschonermühle and Merbitz.

In the Zschonergrund there was a hut village from April 1997 to April 21, 1999 as a protest against the threatened, later built motorway, Bundesautobahn 17 .

natural reserve

The catchment area of ​​the Zschonerbach belongs to the landscape protection areas of Dresden Elbwiesen and Dresdner Elbe altar , Elbe valley between Dresden and Meißen with valleys on the left Elbe and Spaar mountains and Zschonergrund , some of which also enjoy the protection status of a flora-fauna-habitat area (FFH). The biotopes protected in the catchment area include alluvial forests , near-natural stream sections, ravine forests and orchards . The gray wagtail lives there as a typical bird species .

Other birds that live by the stream are dipper , white wagtail , blue and whinchat , sand martin and the endangered kingfisher . In addition, the bullhead (probably) lives in the stream and the water bat and the great mouse- eared bat in the mouth area .

Various trees, mainly willows and alders, grow along the stream . In addition, meadow and forest flowers such as the common butterbur , brook carnation , the marsh marigold and the common loosestrife .

literature

  • Alwin Bergmann: History of the Zschoner Grund up to the replacement of all Fronen. Dresden 1902. ( digitized version )

Web links

Commons : Zschonergrund  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bettina Schneider: Treasure diggers in the medieval valley . In: Saxon newspaper . March 27, 2004 ( online (free for users of the Dresden City Libraries) [accessed on September 1, 2014]).
  2. ↑ Weltemühle ( Memento from March 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ http://www.pattis.de/Homepage.swf (different content)
  4. ↑ Dresdner neighborhoods: Weltemühle
  5. ↑ Alwin Bergmann: The mills in the Zschoner Grund . in: Alfred Meiche (Ed.): A mill book. Dresden 1927, pp. 137-145
  6. ↑ Eberhard Bräunlich, Matthias Zwarg: The great Saxon mill book . Chemnitzer Verlag, Chemnitz 2007, p. 140
  7. ^ History ( Memento from August 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  8. ↑ Frank Wehrmeister: DNN hiking tip: A visit to the 6 hp water wheel . In: Dresdner Latest News . September 30, 2005 ( online (free for users of the Dresden City Libraries) [accessed on September 1, 2014]).
  9. ↑ Schulzenmühle ( Memento from May 28, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ↑ here with the name WM: shown
  11. ↑ Schulzenmühle ( Memento from May 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ↑ Alwin Bergmann: History of the Zschoner Grund up to the replacement of all Fronen. Dresden 1902, p. 15ff.
  13. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from May 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.phycodea.hgbecker.de
  14. ↑ Dresden City Archives , 10th building and property files, signature, no .: 56193
  15. ↑ Dresden City Archives, 9.1.22 VEB Sports Facilities and Swimming Pool Administration Dresden, No .: 24
  16. ^ Sächsische Zeitung of March 14, 1996
  17. ↑ zschonergrundbad.com Website of the NaturKulturBad Zschonergrund eV
  18. ↑ Zschonergrundbad opens in May 2015 . In: Saxon newspaper . August 21, 2014 (for a fee online [accessed September 1, 2014]).
  19. ↑ Association sets up natural swimming pools - in the coming year the water should flow again and be cleaned with plants . In: Dresdner Latest News . August 26, 2009 ( online (free for users of the Dresden City Libraries) [accessed on September 1, 2014]).
  20. ↑ Germany's most popular summer pools. www.testberichte.de, accessed on August 20, 2018 .
  21. ↑ NATURE EXPERIENCE PROJECTS WITH SUSTAINABLE USE IN THE ZSCHONERGRUNDBAD. UN Decade of Biological Diversity, office nova-Institut GmbH, accessed on August 22, 2018 .
  22. ^ State capital Dresden, The Lord Mayor, Environment Office (ed.): Zschonerbach water profile . September 30, 2011, p. 11 ( dresden.de [PDF; 2.2 MB ; accessed on September 1, 2014]).
  23. ^ A b Henry Lehmann: Birds on the Zschonerbach . In: Saxon newspaper . January 27, 2005 ( paid online [accessed September 1, 2014]).
  24. ↑ Stefan Brieger: Construction work on the bypass is planned for 2008 . In: Saxon newspaper . October 23, 2007 ( paid online [accessed September 1, 2014]).
  25. ↑ Bats under B6 will be relocated for construction time . In: Saxon newspaper . August 18, 2009 ( paid online [accessed September 1, 2014]).

Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 31 ″  N , 13 ° 38 ′ 28 ″  E