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{{Short description|Family of shrubs}}
{{italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Taxobox
| name = Magnolia vine
| image = Schisandra sinensis.jpg
| image = Schisandra sinensis.jpg
| name = ''Schisandra''
| image_caption = ''Schisandra chinensis''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| taxon = Schisandra
| authority = [[André Michaux|Michx]].<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/410891#page/239/mode/1up Michaux, André. 1803. Flora Boreali-Americana 2: 218–219, pl. 47. ]</ref>
| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=h>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=381268 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref>
| ordo = [[Austrobaileyales]]
| synonyms =
| familia = [[Schisandraceae]]
*''Schizandra'', common misspelling
| genus = '''''Schisandra'''''
*''Stellandria'' <small>Brickell</small>
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
*''Sphaerostema'' <small>Blume</small>
| subdivision =
*''Maximowiczia'' <small>Rupr.</small>
⚫
*''[[Schisandra chinensis]]''
⚫
*''[[Schisandra glabra]]''
}}
}}
⚫
[[File:Schisandra rubriflora.jpg|thumb|225px|Flowers of ''[[Schisandra rubriflora]]'' at [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|Royal Botanic Gardens]], Kew, UK]]
⚫
'''''Schisandra''''' (Magnolia Vine) is a [[genus]] of [[shrub]] commonly grown in gardens. It is a hardy [[deciduous]] [[climbing plant|climber]] which thrives in almost any kind of [[soil]]; its preferred position is on a sheltered, shady wall. It may be [[plant propagation|propagated]] by [[cutting]] off half-matured [[shoot]]s in August. Species include: ''[[Schisandra chinensis|S. chinensis]]'', ''S. glaucescens'', ''S. rubriflora'' and ''S. rubrifolia''.


'''''Schisandra''''', the '''magnolia vines''', is a [[genus]] of twining shrubs that generally climb on other vegetation. Various authors have included the plants in the [[Illiciaceae]]<ref>Hutchinson, J. 1973. The Families of Flowering Plants, ed. 3. Oxford. Pp. 161-162. Smith, A. C. 1947. The families Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae. Sargentia 7: 1-224.</ref>
==Description==
⚫
[[File:Schisandra rubriflora.jpg|thumb|left|Flowers of [[Schisandra rubriflora]] at [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|Royal Botanic Gardens]], Kew, UK]]
⚫
''Schisandra'' is native to [[East Asia]], and its dried [[fruit]] is sometimes used medicinally. The [[berry|berries]] of ''S. chinensis'' are given the name ''wu wei zi'' in Chinese ([[wiktionary:五|五]][[wiktionary:味|味]][[wiktionary:子|子]]; pinyin: wǔ wèi zi), which translates as "five flavor fruit" because they possess all five basic flavors in Chinese herbal medicine: salty, sweet, sour, pungent (spicy), and bitter. In [[traditional Chinese medicine]] it is used as a remedy for many ailments: to resist infections, increase skin health, and combat insomnia, coughing, and thirst{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}}.


''Schisandra'' (also spelled ''Schizandra'') is native to Asia and North America, with a [[center of diversity]] in China.<ref name=h/><ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=129475 Flora of North America vol 3]</ref><ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=129475 Flora of China Vol. 7 Page 41 <big>五味子属</big> wu wei zi shu ''Schisandra'' Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 218. 1803. ]</ref>
⚫
==Species==
Over 19 [[species]] of the genus are said to be used in Chinese medicine, mostly as [[sedative]]s and tonic agents.


⚫
Some species are commonly grown in gardens as ornamentals. It is a hardy [[deciduous]] [[climbing plant|climber]] which thrives in almost any kind of soil; its preferred position is on a sheltered, shady wall. It may be [[plant propagation|propagated]] by [[Cutting (plant)|cutting]]s of half-matured shoots in August.
==Pharmacology==
Two human trials in China (one [[double-blind]] and the other preliminary) have shown that ''Schisandra''{{vague|which species?|date=December 2011}} may help people with chronic [[viral hepatitis]] reports Liu KT from ''Studies on fructus Schizandre cinensis''.{{cn|date=December 2011}} Schisandra [[lignan]]s appear to protect the liver by activating the [[enzyme]]s that produce [[glutathione]].{{cn|date=December 2011}}


Despite its common name "magnolia vine", ''Schisandra'' is not closely related to the true [[magnolias]].
⚫
Recently, the extract of ''S. rubriflora'', a native of the [[Yunnan]] province, was found to contain complex and highly oxygenated [[nortriterpenoid]]s called rubriflorins A-C. <ref>Xiao, W.-L. ''et al.''. ''J. Nat. Prod.'' '''2007''', Web release : May 10th.</ref>


==See also==
==Uses==
⚫
Its dried fruit is sometimes used medicinally. In China, the [[Berry (botany)|berries]] of ''[[Schisandra chinensis|S. chinensis]]'' are given the name {{Transliteration|zh|wǔwèizǐ}} ({{zh|c=[[wiktionary:五味子|五味子]]|l=five flavor fruit|labels=no}}) because they possess all five basic flavors in Chinese herbal medicine: salty, sweet, sour, pungent (spicy), and bitter. In [[traditional Chinese medicine]] it is used as a remedy for many ailments: to resist infections, increase skin health, combat insomnia, coughing, and thirst.<ref>Panossian A., Wikman G. Pharmacology of ''Schisandra chinensis'' Bail.: An overview of Russian research and uses in medicine . ''Journal of Ethnopharmacology''. Vol 118/2 pp 183-212. {{doi|10.1016/j.jep.2008.04.020}}</ref>
{{commons}}

⚫
==Species==
;accepted species<ref name=h/>
{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
# ''[[Schisandra arisanensis]]'' - S China incl [[Taiwan]]
# ''[[Schisandra bicolor]]'' - [[Guangxi]], [[Hunan]], [[Yunnan]], [[Zhejiang]]
# ''[[Schisandra chinensis]]'' - [[Russian Far East]], NE China, [[Korea]], Japan
⚫
# ''[[Schisandra elongata]]'' - [[Java]]
# ''[[Schisandra glabra]]'' - [[Hidalgo (state)|Hidalgo]], United States ([[Louisiana|LA]] [[Arkansas|AR]] [[Mississippi|MS]] [[Alabama|AL]] [[Tennessee|TN]] [[Kentucky|KY]] [[Georgia (U.S. state)|GA]] [[Florida|FL]] [[South Carolina|SC]] [[North Carolina|NC]])<ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Schisandra%20glabra.png Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, ''Schisandra glabra'']</ref>
#''[[Schisandra glaucescens]]'' - [[Chongqing]], [[Hubei]]
# ''[[Schisandra grandiflora]]'' - [[Tibet]], [[Sikkim]], [[Nepal]], [[Bhutan]], [[Assam]], [[Uttarakhand]]
⚫
# ''[[Schisandra henryi]]'' - S China
# ''[[Schisandra incarnata]]'' - [[Hubei]]
# ''[[Schisandra lancifolia]]'' - [[Sichuan]], [[Yunnan]]
# ''[[Schisandra longipes]]'' - [[Guangdong]], [[Guangxi]]
# ''[[Schisandra macrocarpa]]'' - [[Yunnan]]
# ''[[Schisandra micrantha]]'' - [[Manipur]], [[Yunnan]], [[Myanmar]]
# ''[[Schisandra neglecta]]'' - [[Sikkim]], [[Nepal]], [[Bhutan]], [[Assam]], [[Myanmar]], [[Yunnan]]
# ''[[Schisandra parapropinqua]]'' - [[Guizhou]], [[Yunnan]]
# ''[[Schisandra perulata]]'' - [[Thailand]], [[Vietnam]]
# ''[[Schisandra plena]]'' - [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Yunnan]]
# ''[[Schisandra propinqua]]'' - China, [[Assam]], [[Nepal]], [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]], [[Java]], [[Bali]]
# ''[[Schisandra pubescens]]'' - [[Sichuan]], [[Hubei]]
# ''[[Schisandra pubinervis]]'' - [[Hubei]], [[Sichuan]]
# ''[[Schisandra repanda]]'' - [[Korea]], Japan
# ''[[Schisandra rubriflora]]'' - [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Yunnan]], [[Myanmar]], [[Sichuan]]
# ''[[Schisandra sphaerandra]]'' - [[Sichuan]], [[Yunnan]]
# ''[[Schisandra sphenanthera]]'' - China
# ''[[Schisandra tomentella]]'' - [[Sichuan]]
}}

== Chemistry ==
⚫
The extract of ''S. rubriflora'', a native of the [[Yunnan]] province, was found to contain complex and highly oxygenated [[nortriterpenoid]]s called [[rubriflorins A]]-C.<ref>Xiao, W.-L. ''et al.''. ''J. Nat. Prod.'' '''2007''', Web release : May 10th.</ref>

== See also ==
* ''[[Schisandra chinensis]]''
* ''[[Schisandra chinensis]]''
* ''[[Kadsura japonica]]''
* ''[[Kadsura japonica]]''


==References==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>


==External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* Panossian A., Wikman G. Pharmacology of Schisandra chinensis Bail.: An overview of Russian research and uses in medicine . ''Journal of Ethnopharmacology''. Vol 118/2 pp 183-212. {{doi|10.1016/j.jep.2008.04.020}}
* Schisandraceae [sensu stricto] in the [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10803 ''Flora of North America'']
* Schisandraceae [sensu stricto] in the [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10803 ''Flora of North America'']


{{Taxonbar|from=Q1277423}}
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[[Category:Austrobaileyales]]
{{Authority control}}

⚫
[[Category:Schisandra| ]]
[[Category:Angiosperm genera]]
[[Category:Angiosperm genera]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
[[Category:Taxa named by André Michaux]]

Latest revision as of 06:25, 15 January 2024

Magnolia vine
Schisandra chinensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Order: Austrobaileyales
Family: Schisandraceae
Genus: Schisandra
Michx.[1]
Synonyms[2]
  • Schizandra, common misspelling
  • Stellandria Brickell
  • Sphaerostema Blume
  • Maximowiczia Rupr.
Flowers of Schisandra rubriflora at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK

Schisandra, the magnolia vines, is a genus of twining shrubs that generally climb on other vegetation. Various authors have included the plants in the Illiciaceae[3]

Schisandra (also spelled Schizandra) is native to Asia and North America, with a center of diversity in China.[2][4][5]

Some species are commonly grown in gardens as ornamentals. It is a hardy deciduous climber which thrives in almost any kind of soil; its preferred position is on a sheltered, shady wall. It may be propagated by cuttings of half-matured shoots in August.

Despite its common name "magnolia vine", Schisandra is not closely related to the true magnolias.

Uses[edit]

Its dried fruit is sometimes used medicinally. In China, the berries of S. chinensis are given the name wǔwèizǐ (五味子; 'five flavor fruit') because they possess all five basic flavors in Chinese herbal medicine: salty, sweet, sour, pungent (spicy), and bitter. In traditional Chinese medicine it is used as a remedy for many ailments: to resist infections, increase skin health, combat insomnia, coughing, and thirst.[6]

Species[edit]

accepted species[2]
  1. Schisandra arisanensis - S China incl Taiwan
  2. Schisandra bicolor - Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Zhejiang
  3. Schisandra chinensis - Russian Far East, NE China, Korea, Japan
  4. Schisandra elongata - Java
  5. Schisandra glabra - Hidalgo, United States (LA AR MS AL TN KY GA FL SC NC)[7]
  6. Schisandra glaucescens - Chongqing, Hubei
  7. Schisandra grandiflora - Tibet, Sikkim, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, Uttarakhand
  8. Schisandra henryi - S China
  9. Schisandra incarnata - Hubei
  10. Schisandra lancifolia - Sichuan, Yunnan
  11. Schisandra longipes - Guangdong, Guangxi
  12. Schisandra macrocarpa - Yunnan
  13. Schisandra micrantha - Manipur, Yunnan, Myanmar
  14. Schisandra neglecta - Sikkim, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar, Yunnan
  15. Schisandra parapropinqua - Guizhou, Yunnan
  16. Schisandra perulata - Thailand, Vietnam
  17. Schisandra plena - Arunachal Pradesh, Yunnan
  18. Schisandra propinqua - China, Assam, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Java, Bali
  19. Schisandra pubescens - Sichuan, Hubei
  20. Schisandra pubinervis - Hubei, Sichuan
  21. Schisandra repanda - Korea, Japan
  22. Schisandra rubriflora - Arunachal Pradesh, Yunnan, Myanmar, Sichuan
  23. Schisandra sphaerandra - Sichuan, Yunnan
  24. Schisandra sphenanthera - China
  25. Schisandra tomentella - Sichuan

Chemistry[edit]

The extract of S. rubriflora, a native of the Yunnan province, was found to contain complex and highly oxygenated nortriterpenoids called rubriflorins A-C.[8]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Michaux, André. 1803. Flora Boreali-Americana 2: 218–219, pl. 47.
  2. ^ a b c Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. ^ Hutchinson, J. 1973. The Families of Flowering Plants, ed. 3. Oxford. Pp. 161-162. Smith, A. C. 1947. The families Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae. Sargentia 7: 1-224.
  4. ^ Flora of North America vol 3
  5. ^ Flora of China Vol. 7 Page 41 五味子属 wu wei zi shu Schisandra Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 218. 1803.
  6. ^ Panossian A., Wikman G. Pharmacology of Schisandra chinensis Bail.: An overview of Russian research and uses in medicine . Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Vol 118/2 pp 183-212. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2008.04.020
  7. ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Schisandra glabra
  8. ^ Xiao, W.-L. et al.. J. Nat. Prod. 2007, Web release : May 10th.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Schisandra.
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