Live and Let Die (film)

Live and Let Die is the eighth spy film of the British James Bond series and the first to star Roger Moore as the fictional British secret agent James Bond. The film was produced in 1973 by Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman. In the early 1970s, Broccoli and Saltzman wanted to choose a new actor to portray the Bond character, to replace Sean Connery. After a substantial search, they selected Moore for the lead role.

The film is adapted from the novel of the same name by Ian Fleming. In the film, a drug lord known as Mr. Big plans to distribute two tons of heroin free so as to put rival drug barons out of business. Bond is soon trapped in a world of gangsters and voodoo as he fights to put a stop to Mr. Big's scheme.

Live and Let Die was released during the height of the blaxploitation era, and many blaxploitation archetypes and cliché are depicted such as afro hairstyles, derogatory racial epithets ("honky"), black gangsters, and "pimpmobiles." It departs from the former plots of the James Bond films about megalomaniac supervillains, and instead focuses on drug trafficking, depicted primarily in blaxploitation films. Moreover, it is set in African American cultural centres such as Harlem, New Orleans, and the Caribbean Islands. It was also the first James Bond film featuring an African American Bond girl to be romantically involved with 007, Rosie Carver (played by Gloria Hendry who starred in several blaxploitation films, including Black Caesar and its sequel Hell Up in Harlem).

Plot

Three British MI6 agents, including one "on loan" to the American government, are killed under mysterious circumstances within 24 hours while monitoring the operations of Dr. Kananga, the dictator of a small Caribbean island called San Monique. James Bond is sent to New York City, where the first agent was killed and where Kananga is currently visiting the UN, to investigate. As soon as Bond arrives in New York City, his driver is killed while taking him to meet Felix Leiter of the CIA and Bond is nearly killed in the ensuing car crash.

Glastron speedboats in the Louisiana boat chase.

The driver's killer leads Bond to Mr. Big, a gangster who runs a chain of Fillet of Soul restaurants throughout the United States. It is during his confrontation with Mr. Big that Bond first meets Solitaire, a beautiful virgin tarot expert who has the uncanny ability to see both the future and remote events in the present. In disguise as Mr. Big, Kananga demands that his henchman kill Bond, who manages to escape unscathed. Bond follows Kananga back to San Monique, where he subsequently meets Rosie Carver, a CIA double agent, who is subsequently murdered on the island by Kanaga's scarecrow men after Bond suspects her of working for Kananga. Later he meets the boatman Quarrel, Jr. who takes him to Solitaire's home. Using a stacked tarot deck of only cards showing "The Lovers", Bond seduces her. Solitaire loses her ability to foretell the future when she loses her virginity to Bond and is forced into cooperating with Bond to bring down Kananga.

It transpires that Kananga is producing two metric tons of heroin and is protecting the poppy fields by exploiting locals' fear of voodoo and the occult. Through his alter ego, Mr. Big, Kananga plans to distribute the heroin free of charge on the market, which will drive all the other drug cartels out of business, increase the number of addicts, and give Kananga a monopoly of the heroin market. Kananga's men capture Bond and Solitaire at the New Orleans airport. Bond does not identify Mr. Big, as the latter is wearing a plastic gangster mask. Kananga rips off his mask and asks a disgusted Bond if he slept with Solitaire, using Bond to test her abilities. Kananga turns Solitaire over to Baron Samedi to be sacrificed after he discovers that her ability to read the tarot is gone. Kananga leaves Bond with his henchman, Tee Hee Johnson, who takes Bond to a crocodile farm community in the Louisiana backwoods. Bond escapes being eaten by the crocodiles by running along the animals' backs to safety. He sets the farm on fire and steals a speedboat, engaging in a chase with Kananga's men, local sheriff J.W. Pepper and the Louisiana state police. Later, back in San Monique, Bond interrupts the voodoo sacrifice and saves Solitaire. Bond and Solitaire escape below ground into Kananga's lair. Kananga captures them both and proceeds to lower them into a shark tank. Bond escapes and forces a shark gun pellet in Kananga's mouth, causing him to literally blow up like a balloon, float to the top of the cave, and explode. After the job is done, Felix leaves Bond and Solitaire on a train out of the country.

Tee Hee makes a last attempt on Bond's life and is ejected from their train compartment at high speed. Samedi is seen perched on the front of the speeding train in which Bond and Solitaire are travelling, in his voodoo outfit and laughing mysteriously.

Cast

Promotional image of the cast of Live and Let Die. From left: Tee Hee Johnson, Solitaire, Baron Samedi, James Bond, Dr. Kananga and Whisper.

• Roger Moore as James Bond: an MI6 Agent
• Yaphet Kotto as Dr. Kananga and Mr. Big: A corrupt Caribbean Prime Minister who doubles as a drug lord.
• Bernard Lee as M: Head of the "OO" section of MI6.
• Lois Maxwell as Miss Moneypenny: M's secretary.
• David Hedison as Felix Leiter: Bond's CIA colleague.
• Jane Seymour as Solitaire: Kananga's psychic girlfriend.
• Clifton James as Sheriff J.W. Pepper: A local Louisiana sheriff.
• Julius Harris as Tee Hee Johnson: Kananga's primary henchman who has a pincer for hand.
• Geoffrey Holder as Baron Samedi: Another Kananga henchman who has ties to the Voodoo occult.
• Gloria Hendry as Rosie Carver: A traitorous young CIA agent in San Monique.
• Roy Stewart as Quarrel Jr.: Bond's ally in San Monique and son of Quarrel from Dr. No.
• Madeline Smith as Miss Caruso: An Italian agent whom Bond romances.
• Earl Jolly Brown as Whisper: Another Kananga henchman who only whispers.

Production

Live and Let Die was chosen as the next Ian Fleming novel to be adapted because screenwriter Tom Mankiewicz thought it would be daring to use black villains at the period, which had the Black Panthers and other racial movements. Guy Hamilton was again chosen to direct, and since he was a jazz fan, decided to film in New Orleans. Hamilton didn't want to use Mardi Gras since Thunderball featured Junkanoo, a similar festivity, so, following suggestions of a friend and searching for locations in helicopters, he decided to use two well-known features of the city, the jazz funerals and the canals.

While searching for locations in Jamaica, the crew discovered a crocodile farm owned by Ross Kananga, after passing a sign warning that "trespassers will be eaten." The farm was put into the script and also inspired Mankiewicz to baptize the film's villain after Kananga.

Casting

Broccoli and Saltzman tried to convince Sean Connery to return as 007, but he declined. Many other actors were auditioned or considered for Bond most notably Julian Glover (later the villain in the 1981 Bond film For Your Eyes Only), Jeremy Brett, and frontrunner Michael Billington. Roger Moore, who had been considered by the producers before both Dr. No and On Her Majesty's Secret Service was ultimately cast. Moore tried not to imitate either Sean Connery or his performance as Simon Templar in The Saint, and Mankiewicz fit the screenplay into Moore's persona by giving more comedy scenes and a light-hearted approach to Bond.

Mankiewicz had thought of turning Solitaire into a black woman, with Diana Ross as his primary choice. But Broccoli and Saltzman decided to stick to Fleming's caucasian description, and Jane Seymour, who was on the TV series The Onedin Line, was cast for the role. Yaphet Kotto was cast while doing another movie for United Artists, Across 110th Street.

Live and Let Die is the first of two films featuring Louisiana Sheriff J.W. Pepper portrayed by Clifton James, who appeared again in The Man with the Golden Gun. It is also the first of two films featuring David Hedison as Felix Leiter, who reprised the role in Licence to Kill; no other actor has played Leiter more than once (although Jeffrey Wright, who played Leiter in Casino Royale in 2006, will reprise the role in 2008's Quantum of Solace). Hedison had said "I was sure that would be my first and last" before being cast again.

Madeline Smith, who played the Italian agent Miss Caruso sharing Bond's bed in the film's opening, was recommended for the part by Roger Moore after he had appeared with her on TV. Smith said that Moore was extremely polite to work with, but she felt very uncomfortable being clad in only blue bikini panties while Moore's wife was on set overseeing the scene.

Filming

Production began in 1972, with filming in Pinewood Studios, along with location shooting in New York City, New Orleans, Louisiana, and Jamaica doubling for the fictional San Monique. The producers were reportedly required to pay protection money to a local Harlem gang to ensure the crew's safety. When the cash ran out, they were "encouraged" to leave.

Ross Kananga suggested the jump on crocodiles, and was enlisted by the producers to do the stunt. The scene took five takes to be completed, including one in which the last crocodile snapped at Kananga's heel, tearing his trousers. The production also had trouble with snakes. The script supervisor was so afraid that she refused to be on set with them; an actor fainted while filming a scene where he is killed by a snake; Jane Seymour became terrified as a reptile got closer, and Geoffrey Holder only agreed to fall into the snake-filled casket because Princess Alexandra was visiting the set.

The boat chase was filmed on the Louisiana bayou, with some interruption caused by flooding. 26 boats were built by the Glastron boat company for the film. Seventeen were destroyed during rehearsals. The speedboat jump scene over the bayou, filmed with assistance with a specially-constructed ramp, unintentionally set a Guinness World Record at the time with 110 feet cleared. Unfortunately, the waves created by the impact caused the following boat to flip over.

The chase involving the double-decker bus was filmed with a second-hand London bus adapted by having a top section removed and then replaced so that it ran on ball bearings and so would slide off on impact.

Music

Dejan's Olympia Brass Band.

Main article: Live and Let Die (soundtrack)

Taking a temporary hiatus from scoring Bond films, John Barry passed the baton over to George Martin.

For the theme song, Martin teamed with former-Beatle Paul McCartney, who had previously been considered for Diamonds Are Forever in 1971. This was the first time the pair worked together since Abbey Road in 1969. The theme was written by Paul and his wife Linda McCartney and performed by Paul and his group, Wings. The tune, the first 'true' rock and roll song used to open a Bond film, was a major success in the U.S. (#2 for three weeks) and the UK (#9), Paul's best showings in over a year. For many years "Live and Let Die" was a highlight of his live shows, complete with fireworks and lasers and in 2005, it was performed live by McCartney during the halftime show at Super Bowl XXXIX. In 1991 the song was covered by the rock band Guns N' Roses. Olympia Brass Band had a notable part in "Live and Let Die" where they lead a funeral march for an assassinated victim. Trumpeter Alvin Alcorn plays the killer.

Release and reception

Live and Let Die was released on June 27, 1973. It grossed $35.4 million in the United States and $161.8 million worldwide.

Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a 62% "fresh" rating. Roger Ebert of Chicago Sun-Times said that the film "doesn't have a Bond villain worthy of the Goldfingers, Dr. Nos and Oddjobs of the past." BBC Films reviewer William Mager praised the use of locations and said that "a sardonic quip and a raised eyebrow are his [Moore's] deadliest weapons."

IGN ranked Solitaire as 10th in a Top 10 Bond Babes list.

Year	Result	Award	Recipients
1974	Nominated	Academy Award for Best Original Song	Paul & Linda McCartney
1974	Nominated	Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture	Paul & Linda McCartney
1975	Won	Evening Standard Best Picture	Guy Hamilton

External links

• MGM Official Site: Live and Let Die
• Live and Let Die at IMDb
• Live and Let Die at AllMovie
• Live and Let Die at Rotten Tomatoes
• Live and Let Die at Box Office Mojo
• Blaxploitation and Live and Let Die - from the article Cleopatra Jones, 007: Blaxploitation, James Bond, and Reciprocal Co-optation