Rome: Total War

Rome: Total War
Developer(s)	Creative Assembly
Publisher(s)	Activision - Previous publisher Sega - Current publisher
Platform(s)	Windows
Release	September 22, 2004
Genre(s)	Real-time tactics
Mode(s)	Single player, Multiplayer

Rome: Total War (often abbreviated to RTW or Rome) is a critically acclaimed strategy game where players fight historical and fictitious battles during the era of the Roman Republic, from 270 BC to 14 AD. The game was developed by Creative Assembly and released on September 22, 2004. A demo of the game, which features a playable version of The Battle of the Trebia, with the player taking the role of Hannibal, was released on August 23, 2004 and is freely available for downloading.

The game features large scale battles of ancient armies with thousands of warriors. The main innovation is a brand new high-quality 3D graphics that has the ability to render in excess of thirty thousand men on a single battlefield. Another prominent feature is the integration of the strategic and tactical views - the landscape for the battles is the same as seen on that particular spot on the strategic map where the armies meet.

File:Rome total war.jpg

Promotional screenshot for Rome: Total War — Despite popular belief, Rome does look like this on the highest settings on a purpose built gaming computer.

The player can take roles equivalent to those of generals such as Hannibal Barca, the brilliant Carthaginian general during the Second Punic War, the Gallic warlord Vercingetorix, and Julius Caesar. Among the playable factions are three Roman families (Julii, Brutii, Scipii), which are available from the start of the game, and the free Greek city-states, Carthage, Gaul, Britannia, Germania, Parthia and the successor states of the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt, all of which must be unlocked before they can be played with. Like Medieval: Total War, there are also many non-playable factions, including the Dacians, Numidians, Scythians and Armenians. The historical setting of the game gives it an educational content, although a degree of factual inaccuracy (below) brings this into question.

The gameplay is similar to that of its predecessors, Shogun: Total War and Medieval: Total War, although there are some changes to the mechanics of sieges and city fights have been added. Most notable is that players now move their units with movement points; in previous games units were moved by territory.

Thanks to the realism of both the simulation and the graphics, even before its release a preliminary but completely workable version of the game engine was used in two series of TV programs: Decisive Battles by the History Channel where it was used to recreate famous historical battles, and Time Commanders by BBC Two, where teams of novice nongamers commanded ancient armies to replay key battles of antiquity. The game engine was fine tuned specifically for these television shows by military historians for maximum historical accuracy.

On September 27, 2005, an expansion to Rome was released, entitled Barbarian Invasion, which takes the action to the later period of the Roman Empire, beginning in 363, and ending in 476. The expansion focuses on the Germanic migrations, the strife between the dominant religions (Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Paganism), and the fall of the Roman Empire. The gameplay is largely the same as that of the original except with different factions and units, and it adds some features, such as the religious tension, night battles, and allowing certain units to swim across rivers.

On May 4, 2006, Creative Assembly announced a second expansion to Rome, which will be entitled Alexander, and is due to be released for download in June 2006. This expansion will focus on the Asian campaigns of Alexander the Great.

The next Total War has also been set to release as Medieval Total War 2 and it focuses on the Medieval era with the pope in power and the Roman empire shattered. It is set to release later in 2006.

System requirements

The game requires that the player has a computer with a 1.0 GHz processor, 256mb RAM, and a 64mb video card, such as a card from the GeForce 2 series or the Radeon 7xxx series, as well as 2.3 GB of uncompressed disk space. One can run the game at the minimum configuration, albeit with longer loading times and some stuttering. The game was praised amongst many for its rather low system requirements and good optimization for a variety of computers.

It has also been claimed by some that a 32mb card can play the game, but even if possible, gameplay is most likely going to be substandard because of poor performance with such hardware.

Gameplay

The game revolves around a player, who takes control of some faction of the era. That player builds armies to conquer nearby provinces by besieging and capturing the province's capital. While doing so, players can build certain buildings within their province's capital to move up through the tech tree to train more advanced units, increase a provinces income by building bigger ports (if a province borders the sea) and farms, and keep the people happy by building buildings of entertainment. Fleets at sea can also ferry troops around and blockade enemy ports, thus cutting down trade income. The ultimate goal, like in previous Total War games, is to conquer a certain number of provinces. But Medieval: Total War's "Great Achievements" mode has been taken out of Rome, perhaps for historical reasons. Another key objective for the Roman factions is to capture Rome from the Senate and become Emperor.

Factions

Factions and cultures in the original game

File:Rtw political vanilla.png

Political map for the RTW imperial campaign at the campaign's start.

When Rome is first installed, it will only allow the player to play as one of the three Roman factions: the Julii, the Brutii, or the Scipii. Over the course of a campaign as the Romans, additional factions will gradually be unlocked, up to a total of eight when the player wins the campaign. There are a further nine factions—Macedon, Pontus, Armenia, Dacia, Scythia, Spain, Thrace, and Numidia—which cannot be unlocked this way. Two final factions, the Senate and Rebels, have special roles in the game. The Senate's roles include giving the Roman Factions various missions throughout the game, such as to blockade a port, capture a settlement, and much more.

The Rebels are the faction which takes control of a settlement when it successfully revolts, as well as representing relatively minor independent cities or tribes. Occasionally, bandits, rebel slaves, and other such minor forces will appear on the campaign map, and these are also controlled by the Rebel faction.

However, there are ways to get all the factions unlocked. Instead of using new intro movies, they use existing ones (Macedon uses Greece, Scythia uses German).

Roman factions

File:Romansiege.jpg

Rome: Total War Promotional Screenshot.

Rome includes three playable Roman factions: the Julii, the Brutii, and the Scipii, in addition to the unplayable Senate. The three factions start out allied to each other and the Senate, and may not attack each other, but can bribe each others units through out the game. Each Roman faction can also view the others' map information in real time, a benefit not accorded to any other alliance. However, the factions generally function independently, and a player controlling a Roman faction probably won't bother lending assistance to his allies unless he himself is directly threatened.

All three factions receive missions from the Senate, but may choose to follow them at their leisure. Completing Senate missions will increase the player's standing with the Senate, and players in good standing with the Senate will receive progressively greater rewards for completing missions. If one of the Roman factions is unpopular with the Senate, however, the Senate may begin demanding that the faction complete the missions it's assigned, and penalize it if it doesn't.

In addition to Senate standing, Roman factions must keep an eye on their popular standing. In general, popular standing tends to increase as a faction gains more territory— the public likes a conqueror. On the other hand, the Senate tends to get worried when a faction accumulates too much power. At a certain point, the Senate will inevitably request that the player's faction leader commit suicide. As with any Senate demand, the faction may accept or refuse— if it accepts, the faction leader dies and the heir becomes the new faction leader, buying the faction a few more years of Senate toleration before the demand is repeated; if it refuses, the Roman factions are plunged into civil war. The player may also initiate civil war once his popular standing is high enough by simply attacking another Roman faction.

Roman armies focus on superior, well-disciplined and well-armored infantry and relatively weak cavalry, as compared to the other factions. The game simulates the reforms of Gaius Marius, which tend to take place sometime between 220 and 180 B.C. (rather than the historical time of 107 B.C.). Prior to the reforms, the army is made in the traditional hastati-principes-triarii model. After the reforms the army is made up of the famous legions, and better cavalry units are unlocked.

In addition, each of the three playable Roman factions has a different starting area, as well as regions into which they expand. Each has different temples to build as well as their own type of gladiators, which can be fielded in battle:

• The Julii start out in the northern portion of the Italian peninsula, and they focus on fighting barbarian tribes to the north, especially in Gaul. They also get Samnite gladiators, and can build temples dedicated to Ceres, Bacchus and Jupiter.

• The Brutii start out in the south of the peninsula, and they usually focus on the Greek factions to the east. They have access to Velite Gladiators, and temples for Mars, Mercury and Juno.

• The Scipii begin in Sicily as well as Capua, and usually focus on fighting Carthage, Numidia and Egypt to the south. Their temples can be dedicated to Neptune, Vulcan or Saturn. They have access to Mirmillo Gladiators, and the Temple of Neptune, when upgraded, ultimately gives access to special ships, such as Corvus Quinqueremes.

If the Senate faction is manually unlocked and played by a human player, its role in Roman policy is ignored. Senate missions no longer exist, there are no Senate officers, and there is no Senate or popular standing. If the player attempts to go to the Senate screen, which normally tells Roman factions about these four things, the game crashes.

Historical accuracy

The three playable Roman factions are named after three of the most famous Romans, Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Junius Brutus, and Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus. There were no "Scipii" or "Brutii" families. Both were cognomina- a third name that labeled one as a member of a specific family within a larger clan. The family of Marcus Junius Brutus would have been the "Junii," while Scipio Africanus would have belonged to the "Cornelii." This stratification into specific families is difficult, however, since during the Republic there were so few noble Roman families, and they were constantly intermarrying. See Roman Naming Convention for more information.

The three-faction Roman system in the game is entirely ahistorical. In fact, the Roman Republic was ruled exclusively by the Senate (which had substantially more power than is reflected in the game) and the various assemblies. Individual families might rule small provinces, but expansions to the empire would have been assigned to new governors, not left to the generals who conquered them. Generals, too, were selected by the Senate and assemblies, and the roles of governorship and generalship were not as conflated as they are in the game (although influential politicians such as Julius Caesar could quite possibly serve as both generals and governors).

The primary reason for the three-faction system is to simulate the civil war that ultimately resulted in the end of the Roman Republic. The names of the Roman factions probably derive, respectively, from Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Junius Brutus, and Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Major, each the most famous to bear his name, but why these three Romans were chosen is unknown to the public. Furthermore, while the Julii may hypothetically be correctly said to be Imperialists because Julius Caesar became the first dictator perpetuus, the precusor to the modern understanding of Roman Emperor (which his successor, Augustus Caesar, would assume), Brutus was thoroughly Republican and is in fact famous for having killed Julius Caesar after he was granted absolute power through the office of dictator perpetuus by the Senate; theoretically speaking, the family of Brutus would not have imperial ambitions.

In addition, although perhaps more trivially, the names are declined incorrectly. While the plural of Julius is indeed Julii, the plural of Brutus is Bruti, not Brutii. Likewise, the plural of Scipio is Scipiones, instead of Scipii. Latin words are, in general, wholly or partially Anglicized in pronunciation; velites (Latin [welɪtes]) is pronounced /vɛlɪtes/ instead of the expected /vɛlɪtiz/ (compare the ending sounds of the English word indices). Similarly, the C in principes is pronounced as a hard [k] as in Classical Latin instead of the [s] expected for English. See Latin declension and Latin pronunciation.

Many of the units are ahistorical as well. For example, the Urban Cohorts are depicted as the highest elite of the Roman Army, but in fact were a combined fire brigade and night watch. The arcani were a group of agents provocateurs and spies, rather than the heavily armoured pseudo-ninjas they are portrayed as in the game.

The Romans are not the only factions with ahistorical units. Druids, like those used in-game by the Barbarians, were in fact excused from military service in Celtic culture, being vital to the operation of organized village life. A totally invented unit is the British Head Hurlers, who hurl decapitated heads coated in quicklime. Severed heads were a valuable trophy in Celtic culture, and would never have been used as ammunition. Some units, such as wardogs and flaming pigs, were used, but never to anything like the extent depicted.

Barbarian factions

Barbarian factions have certain unique disadvantages. Unlike most civilized factions, they can't build any roads more sophisticated than dirt paths, which inhibits their strategic movement. More importantly, their technology is limited to only three city levels, as opposed to five for civilized factions, thus they tend to achieve their most advanced units quickly. Although barbarian units are for the most part stronger and faster than other units, they are also highly disorganized and quick to run away if the battle goes poorly, and as such they have a stunted capacity to carry out the complex real-time manoeuvers which are required to win some tougher engagements.

• Gaul (playable) starts out with a very large territory mainly in modern France and part of Spain. The Gauls have good swordsmen and archers, but little cavalry.

• Britannia (playable) starts out in control of the British Isles, with a considerable foothold in the form of Belgica in mainland Europe. Its armies tend to include chariots, as well as frenzied swordsmen covered in intricate woad patterns, and units that hurl severed human heads covered in quicklime to demoralize enemies.

• Germania (playable) begins to the northeast of Gaul and the east of Britannia, in what today would be considered the Netherlands and northern Germany. Germanic forces include strong but wild infantry, including the only barbarian unit able to do the phalanx formation, and a few different units of axemen, who are especially effective when fighting armored units (such as Roman infantry).

• Spain (non-playable) begins on the Iberian peninsula, and represents the Iberian tribes who fought against the Gauls and Carthaginians, and later resisted Rome. They get solid infantry units, including units which throw javelins prior to a charge, similar to Carthaginian units units, but relatively few cavalry or ranged units.

• Dacia (non-playable) relies mainly on heavy infantry, notably falx-wielding troops. While a relatively weak faction located in eastern Europe (around modern Romania), they tend to survive due to the fact that their powerful neighbors tend to have other more pressing concerns.

• Scythia (non-playable) is overwhelmingly composed of horse archers. Historically, the Scythians were a small tribe by the time of the game's start, and the Sarmatians had largely taken over the steppes. Sarmatians do, however, appear in the form of heavy cavalry mercenaries. The Scythians control an extensive territory in Eastern Europe, corresponding roughly to modern Ukraine and the surrounding area.

Greek factions

The Greek factions are located mainly in the Balkan peninsula and around Anatolia. Greek armies tend to focus on extremely strong infantry which utilize the phalanx formation at the expense of cavalry and other forms of infantry.

• The Greek Cities (playable) start with a handful of colonies scattered around the Mediterranean and Aegean. Its troop selection essentially consists of hoplites along with relatively weak cavalry and ranged units (although they are within a short distance of Crete, which provides excellent archers). Historically, the Greek cities were not unified in any sort of single state, although many were allied with each other.

• The armies of Macedon (non-playable) focus largely on the Macedonian phalanx and shock cavalry, including the Companion cavalry led by Alexander the Great. However, due to certain bugs with the game's handling of charging units, the Companion Cavalry is not as powerful as was originally intended to be. Macedon begins with territories in what is today Greece.

• The Seleucid Empire's (playable) main force is similar to that of the Macedonians, containing the same powerful Macedonian phalangites and shock cavalry (including Companion Cavalry). However, its armies can also contain hoplites, scythe-armed chariots, war elephants, cataphracts, and Roman-style legionaries, giving it the most diverse troop selection in the game. The Seleucid Empire encompasses a strip of territory running from the Aegean coast to Mesopotamia.

• Thrace (non-playable) is a Greco-Barbarian faction, with both Greek and Barbarian troops; they begin the game north of modern Greece, along the western coast of the Black Sea. Perhaps the strongest Thracian troops are Falxmen, who wield the rhomphaia or falx, however, the Thracians also have access to powerful phalanx infantry. Like both the Greeks and Barbarians in general, Thrace has little in the way of cavalry.

Carthaginian factions

The Carthaginian factions are found in northern Africa, led by Carthage. Their armies tend to rely on speedy but good cavalry and various types of infantry of varying quality.

• Carthage (playable) has a variety of units which include a good mixture of infantry, high quality cavalry and powerful elephants, but a poor selection of ranged troops, including a notable lack of archers. They begin with territory in modern Tunisia and the surrounding area, along with colonies in southern Spain and Sardinia. Carthage can either be really hard to play as or really easy. Its terrirtory in Spain is quite easy to keep but Numidia often betrays Carthage like they did in the second punic war!

• Numidia (non-playable) has speedy javelin-throwing light cavalry and other javelin-based units, as well as some light spear-armed infantry and their own legionaries. Their small kingdom lies west of Carthage's African lands.

• Spain has a little Carthsginian influence, they posse the same basic units as Carthage but still have a barabrian settlement type.

Eastern factions

The Eastern factions represent the major states of the Middle East not ruled by the Diadochi. Their armies tend to rely heavily on high quality cavalry, and sometimes evince some Greek influence due to Alexander's recent conquest of the area (which occurred some 50 years prior to the start of the game).

• Parthia's (playable) specialty lies with mounted units, particularly the fearsome cataphract-horse archer combination which often dominates multiplayer battles in Rome. While their cavalry is extremely powerful, they have virtually no infantry of value, which can make sieges difficult. Historically the Parthians inhabited the area on the southeastern side of the Caspian Sea; in Rome, they still do, but also start with territory north of the sea.

• Armenia (non-playable), like Parthia, focuses mainly on cavalry. Armenia is the only faction with cataphract archers and Eastern heavy infantry, the latter being capable of the Macedonian phalanx. They also have their own copies of Roman legionaries. Armenia, in the game, is located in the mountains of what is today eastern Turkey.

• Pontus' (non-playable) troops include fast-moving, javelin-armed cavalry as well as phalanx troops and chariots. Pontus begins on the southern coast of the Black Sea.

Egyptian faction

• Egyptian (playable) troops tend to be lightly armored due to the climate of the area. While historically the armies of Ptolemaic Egypt should be quite similar to those of the Greek factions (consisting mainly of phalanx troops), the game presents a more anachronistic Egyptian army consisting primarily of large units of bowmen, spearmen and various types of chariots. Egypt begins controlling Egypt and some of the coast of the eastern Mediterranean.

Miscellaneous

The Rebels are a unique faction. Rebels can be informally divided into three groupings based on how they operate on the campaign map: Brigands or Pirates, Deserters or Freed Slaves and Independent Kingdoms or Rebel Cities.

• Brigands and Pirates will attack and rob factions for money in one or more ways; Brigands will sit on roads, blocking trade there and ambushing armies that walk by. Pirates will attempt to cut sea-trade routes and blockade ports. Brigands and Pirates will grow in strength the longer they are allowed to operate unmolested, so it is usually a good idea to put them down as soon as they crop up, because stronger rebels or pirates will threaten larger targets, with some of the strongest rebel groups sometimes looting major cities, (although such events of this happening are rather rare.)

• Deserters or Freed Slaves are troops or slaves previously belonging to a faction which abandon their homes, subtracting from the total population of civilians or soldiers living in a given city. They tend to hide out in the countryside and do not usually rob factions for money, although this is not a rule. Freed slaves usually consist of large numbers of peasant units, along with some basic non-military or quasi-military fighting units such as gladiators or town-watchmen. Deserters tend to be more dangerous and well-organized, with many professional military units; they move in formation and are not quick to flee or back down when threatened; sometimes Deserters may have a Rebel General with them, a non-faction member military leader, and when one is present, Deserter armies tend to be much larger and much more dangerous, sometimes attempting to burn cities.

• Independent Kingdoms or Rebel Cities are Rebel-faction cities, and the only two differences between them are their origin and their military capabilities. Independent kingdoms are independent, non-faction cities which have existed independently since the beginning of the game and have never been conquered; they usually have some very basic military units like Militia Hoplites or Town Watch, although if left unconquered, they may grow and develop a stronger military presence. Examples of Independent Kingdoms are Athens, Petra in Sinai, and Tara, a town in Hibernia (Ireland). Rebel cities, on the other hand, are cities which once were run by a faction, but which have revolted and come under their own management.

See also

• Rome: Total War Nation Profiles

Factions in the "Barbarian Invasion" Expansion

As Barbarian Invasion takes place 350 years after the end of the original game, factions and provinces are very different. The Senate still exists but no longer has any power (thus playing no role in the expansion), and Rome has grown and then split into a Western and an Eastern empire, ruled from Rome and Constantinople respectively; Egypt, Greece, Macedon, Pontus, Carthage, Gaul, Numidia, Iberia, Britannia, Dacia, and Thrace have been absorbed into the Empire. The Seleucid empire has collapsed and has been absorbed by Rome and Parthia; the Parthian dynasty itself has been overthrown and replaced with the Sassanid dynasty. Huns have invaded Europe, and several major Germanic tribes have unified and strengthened to the point where they are now capable of invading the Empire itself.

Hordes are a feature which is peculiar to Barbarian Invasion; hordes do not hold any provinces in the map but consist of full armies who are wandering closely together on the map. They get no income at all - except when they sack cities. When they conquer a settlement, a horde gets the option to sack the city (which gives them a large amount of money but severely damages the city's buildings and population; the army then leaves the city) or to settle there (which causes the territory to become the faction's new capital).

Horde factions do not "die out" unless defeated on the battlefield or all characters die; when they have finally found a new homeland and it is successfully conquered by an enemy, the whole faction becomes a horde again and flees, in order to seek a new home. With the concept of a horde the developers tried to reflect the migrations of several "barbarian" peoples of that time - especially Huns, Goths, Vandals, Franks, Burgundians and Lombards.

Roman factions

The Roman factions represent the remnants of the once powerful Roman Empire.

• Western Roman Empire: Playable. Although large and apparently highly advanced, the Western Empire by this stage is weak. Early on it is assaulted by most German factions, and later the steppe and Hun factions. Crippled by civil wars, religious strife, and economic collapse further confounded by the dilution of its military making its army inferior to its previous incarnation, however, they attempt to alleviate this by including barbarian units (including the general's bodyguard).

• Eastern Roman Empire: Playable. The richest faction in the game, the Eastern Empire's army is a mixture of Eastern-style cavalry and Roman infantry. The Eastern Empire has very good cavalry including Cataphracts, Clibinarii (which are very heavily armored cavalry, somewhat similar to Cataphracts), and Camel Riders, as well as excellent archer units.

• Romano-British: Non-playable. Culturally speaking, a Roman faction. They appear when the Western Roman Empire loses their British provinces. The Romano-British primarily use renamed Roman units such as "British Legionaries" and "Coastal Levies" (the latter being the same as the Roman Limitanei), but they can also recruit the legendary Graal knights from Arthurian legend. When they appear, they are an incredibly effective force, and their beginning army often includes very high experience units.

• Eastern Roman rebels: Non-playable. This faction is spawned when Eastern Roman cities rebel; rather than joining the rebel faction as in the original, cities that revolt form this breakaway faction. They have the same units as the Eastern Romans and start out at war with them.

• Western Roman rebels: Non-playable. The Western Roman rebels appear when Western Roman cities rebel, similar to the Eastern Empire rebels; their units are the same as those of the Western Romans.

Hunnic faction

The Hunnic faction is distinct from the Nomadic factions, for they are only represented by the fearsome Huns themselves.

• Huns: Playable. their army is primarily made up of large units of cavalry with high endurance. They start as a horde near the Roxolani and Alan tribes north of the Black Sea. The Huns have some of the best horses in the game and have very skilled horse archers, however, their infantry selection is limited.

Nomadic factions

These barbarian factions start in Eastern Europe. Nomadic is an umbrella term; they include both Iranic tribes and Eastern Germanic tribes, as well as the Slavs. The Nomad cavalry is overall superior to that of their Western brethren; furthermore they have access to highly competent mounted archers. Also their infantry does fairly well. The main drawback of the Nomads is their lack in siege technology. All Nomadic factions are able to form a horde.

• Goths: Playable. Usually described as sacrificing captured enemies to their pagan god Tyz, in the beginning of the game most of them are already converted to Christianity. Their strength lies in their cavalry, although their advanced infantry is of high quality as well. They begin in the area of modern Romania.

• Vandals: Playable. Settled in Rome's former northwest African provinces. Start as a horde located northwest of the Black Sea. All around good units but mostly mounted. They are capable of adopting Christianity and are able to train mounted priests.

• Sarmatians: Playable. Tribe living northwest of the Black Sea; they have high quality cavalry and woman-warriors, yet a very limited selection of infantry. Luckily, the main infantry unit of the Sarmatians, Bosphoran Infantry, are effective warriors against infantry and cavalry; this flexibility reduces the need for a larger unit roster.

• Ostrogoths Non-playable. Similar to the Roman rebels, the Ostrogoths are spawned when a Gothic city revolts. They have the same units as the Goths.

• Roxolani: Non-playable. A tribe similar to the Sarmatians (they have the same unit roster); because they are neighbours to the Hunnic hordes north of the Black Sea, they tend be the first faction to fall to the Huns. Afterwards they form a horde as well.

• Slavs Non-playable. The Slavs appear later in the game around 410 A.D. just east of the Baltic Sea. They have a similar unit roster to that of the Vandals.

Barbarian factions

Barbarian factions populate Western and Central Europe (at least those parts that are not under Roman rule). Their strength lies in their powerful melee infantry, and most of them can lay sieges like civilized factions. The Barbarians do mostly roam more or less mountainous terrain with many forests; hence, their cavalry is a bit lacking and artillery is rare.

• Saxons: Playable. Start with only one settlement in the Jutland peninsula. They have access to top-notch infantry and are a pure pagan faction (most other factions are a mixture) making internal stability easier. They are, however, limited in cavalry, artillery and tactical infantry.

• Franks: Playable. Eventually settling in Rome's former Gallic provinces, the Franks begin in what is now central Germany. They have axe-throwers and durable infantry, and can form hordes. They are also one of the few barbarian factions with decent cavalry, in the form of paladins. They are capable of adopting Christianity as well, and are one of the few barbarian factions able to build onagers and ballistae. If they adopt Christianity, they can train Catholic Priests and Paladins. The Franks are the most technologically advanced Barbarians, as they are able to build paved roads and have farming techniques on a par with the Romans.

• Alemanni: Playable. A confederation of Germanic tribes, their powerful infantry includes fearsome berserkers. They begin in the area of modern Switzerland, and are tasked with expanding around that area.

• Celts Non-playable. This factions begins in modern Ireland and Scotland, and will be a threat to either the Western Romans or the Romano-British. One of the few barbarian factions with decent cavalry, it also has access to a number of unique units such as chariots; however its military tends to rout often.

• Burgundii Non-playable. They tend to be rivals to the Franks, as their goal is to settle in Gaul as well. Their army contains powerful berserkers and other warriors, and they too can form horde groups. They have the same units as the Alemanni.

• Lombardi Non-playable. A strong all-around nation, they seek to invade Italy. Their army is primarily infantry, including berserkers. They can also form into a horde, but are otherwise the same as the Alemanni.

Eastern faction

File:Clibi4.jpg

Depiction of a Sassanid Clibanarii cavalry.

• Sassanids: Playable. The new ruling dynasty of Persia; the strongest power in the East, and essentially the offspring-kingdom of the previous Parthian dynasty of Persia. They are rivals of the Eastern Romans, and are the only faction to follow Zoroastrianism, as well as to still use war elephants. Their signature units are the excellent Clibinarii Immortals which accompany their generals.

Northern African ("Carthaginian") faction

• Berbers Non-playable. Found in the area of modern Algeria and Morocco, they concentrate on desert warfare; they have a fairly restricted unit roster, and are lacking in technology (especially infrastructure).

Misc

The rebels are represented in Barbarian Invasion as well, but this time they do not hold so many provinces in the beginning as in the original game, however, every time a city is sacked by a horde, it becomes rebellious (since the horde faction will not settle down).

Historical Accuracy in Barbarian Invasion

Like the original game, Barbarian Invasion has some historical inaccuracies, however they are relatively fewer when compared to the original game.

• There are still "fantasy" units, which do not reflect historical units. For example, the bucellarii make an appearance as lightly armed crossbowmen, rather than as mercenary bodyguards hired by wealthy individuals, as they historically were. Fantasy combat units such as ninja-like praeventores (which were, in reality, spies and agents, similar to the earlier arcani), druids (who did not fight, as mentioned earlier) and wardogs also make appearances.
• Some weapons modeled in the game do not reflect historical outfits. Notably, many Roman units still utilize the pilum, even though the Romans ceased carrying them about a century earlier. Many cavalry units, especially cavalry archers, wield short swords or daggers as sidearms, which would have been difficult to use from horseback.
• Some character details are incorrect. For example, the Western Roman Emperor at the beginning is Valentinian I (who, curiously, is described as having "uncontrollable rage"), and his heir apparent is named Leontius Flavius; however, the historical heir apparent was Valentinian's son, Gratian (who does not appear at all in the game's family tree). The Eastern Empire's Valens is to be succeeded by his son Theodosius (while Theodosius did in fact succeed Valens, Theodosius was not actually Valens' son). Similarly, the Sassanid king Shapur II was in fact succeeded by Ardashir II (but Ardashir was Shapur's brother, not son). The historical infoboxes that appear during the campaign are sometimes inaccurate as well; for example, the one telling of Hypatia of Alexandria's murder appears in 467 A.D. (implying it happened around that time, although she was actually murdered in 415 A.D.), they also occasionally becoming contradictive to the campaighn map such as Pagan emperors persecuting Pagans.
• Some historical details are incorrect. Examples include that Emperor Constantine is incorrectly stated to have made Christianity the official religion of the Empire (this was, in fact, done much later by Theodosius; Constantine simply ended laws making Christianity illegal), Constantine is said to have renamed Byzantium Constantinople "in his own honor" (in reality, he renamed it Nova Roma, or "New Rome"; "Constantinopolis" or "City of Constantine" was simply a popular nickname that outlasted Nova Roma), and the Eastern Roman Empire can utilize Orthodox priests (although the Orthodox Church did not officially exist independent of Rome until the 11th century).

Factions in the "Alexander" expansion

Rome: Total War Alexander Promotional Screenshot.

There are only four factions in Alexander, of which only one (Macedon) is probably playable. The Rebels could be included as well (perhaps to represent the independent Greek states)

Macedon: The Macedon Army was praised for its combination of highly disciplined and effective phalangite infantry and heavy shock cavalry (represented by the elite Companions). Other types of infantry (such as Hypaspists) are included as well. By the time of Alexander, the Macedonians were the hegemon power of Greece, with only a few city states that did not accept Macedon power (e.g. Sparta). The most astonishing feat of the Greco-Macedon army under Alexander's leadership was probably the conquest of the whole Persian Empire and parts of Western India.

Achaemenid Empire: Under the Achaemenid dynasty, Persia reached the zenith of its expansion. Internal conflicts and a series of weak rulers however, have deeply weakened Persia. The Persian Empire will probably rely on the amassed levy infantry, scythed chariots and heavy cavalry. War elephants could also appear in the Persian unit roster. The most famous part of the Achaemenid empire however, were the Immortals, an elite troop of 10,000 men that served as Imperial bodyguard. Another important part of Persia's armies consisted of auxiliary troops from the satrapy provinces (e.g. cavalry from Bactria).

Barbarians: Represent neighbouring, "savage" peoples like the Thracians or Scythians. They will most likely be similar to their counterparts in the original game.

India: Far from being a unified nation-state, the Indian kingdoms were nonetheless capable of sending awe-instilling armies into the battlefield. The most feared part of the Indian military by that time were the huge war-elephants. Due to the tropical climate of the subcontinent, Indian infantry was seldomly heavily armoured.

Barbarian Invasion leaked

Barbarian Invasion, which was officially due to be released on September 30, 2005, was released roughly a week early by WEBHALLEN.com, a Swedish computer game retailer. The game was spotted shortly thereafter on warez sites and eBay. The Creative Assembly stated that the leak was due to unauthorized action on the part of a distributor.[1]

Reviews and awards

Rome: Total War has been critically acclaimed by many reviewers and is generally regarded as one of the best strategy games of 2004, winning numerous awards and high scores from both gaming websites and magazines alike.

Reviews:

Reviewer	Score	Awards	Link
Gamestats (composite scores)	90% press score (based on 35 reviews), 93% gamer score	10th highest-rated PC game	[2]
PC Gamer (UK)	95%	All time 2nd best PC game	[3]
IGN	94% (9.4/10)	Editor's Choice Award	[4]
PC Gamer (US)	92%	Editor's Choice, Best Strategy Game of 2004	N/A (Nov. 2004 issue)
GameSpot	91% (9.1/10)	Editor's Choice, Strategy Game of 2004	[5]
Adrenaline Vault	90% (4.5/5)	Seal of Excellence	[6]
GameSpy	90% (4.5/5)	Editor's Choice	[7]
Game Revolution	A-	—	[8]

Criticism

Engine limitations

Before its release, RTW was marketed to potential gamers by proclamations of massive, real-time, fully three-dimensional battle scenes being completely accessible to the gaming community at large. However, some veteran gamers were disappointed with the hard-coded engine limitations that cut the advertised experience short. These limitations could theoretically be removed only by editing the program in assembly code, since the Creative Assembly hasn't released the game's source code. However in a program of the size and complexity of RTW, anything but the simplest change is almost impossible by these means.

Many factors are hard-coded into the game engine, limiting the scale of battles. Individual military units can only contain up to 120 soldiers, or 240 soldiers on the Huge Armies setting, and a maximum of 24,000 individual characters can participate in one battle simultaneously. The engine itself, through extensive testing on the Total War Center forums, has been shown to handle only up to about 8,000 soldiers in a single battle before exhibiting slowdown on the most powerful computers available at the time. (Large battles of the era routinely included tens of thousands of men.) Still, RTW can simultaneously render more three-dimensional soldiers than any other game as of March 2005.

Multiplayer issues

Although the Total War series have not been marketed for multiplayer, many players feel that the multiplayer mode for the game is lackluster and lacks balance, and is filled with technical issues and abusive players.

For instance, many amateur players simply buy elephant troops or any other sort of elite troops, like Urban Cohorts or Spartan Hoplites, which make fighting them quickly difficult. Some players like to "annoy" other players by purchasing cheap units, like flaming pigs or peasants, and wasting another's time with an easy victory or in team games, a likely defeat for an ally.

Many other players have also critized the lack of features and technical issues within the multiplayer game. For instance, one can not prevent players from purchasing certain units, like how in some online first-person shooter games, the host can bar certain weapons from being used. Others have also claimed that due to the networking code of the game, games are often slowed down by lag and connection problems, which sometimes force some players to drop, and causing the game to pause for a long period of time.

There has also been heavy abuse of the main chat lobby, in which some players spam with random messages, and some cases, type profanity and racial slurs into the chat lobby. It was not possible to ban such offensive players from the lobby because such abusive players can enter multiple usernames under one CD-key, as no GameSpy account is needed for online play. Some feel that due to these flaws, it is possible for abusive players to impersonate other players, as well as abuse the chat lobby with spam and insults. Such abuse was so bad that in November 2005, the developers contacted GameSpy and asked that the chat lobby to be closed. Such an action angered the multiplayer community, who had largely relied upon the chat lobby to organize games. Without a chat lobby, they reasoned, there can be no more organized clan matches, tournaments, and such. The multiplayer community also asked that these flaws be resolved in a new patch, and even though numerous letters and emails were sent to the Creative Assembly concerning these issues; all of them were dismissed, citing that there was not enough resources to resolve such problems. Many amongst the multiplayer community felt abandoned, as though the Creative Assembly has always considered multiplayer to be unimportant issues to resolve in their games.

During the chat ban, it was believed that the average number of players per day had dropped by over 66%. Later, in January 2006, the chat lobby reactivated for no reason, and the regular spam and abuse came back along with it. And again, for the second time, in April 2006, the chat lobby was shut down again, but this time, chat lobbies for individual games and private chat channels remained open, an action applauded by some in the multiplayer community. Although it was unclear at first why the chat lobby wasn't functioning as it should, a GameSpy administrator later commented that the chat lobby was closed intentionally. Approximately two weeks after, the main chat lobby reopened under mysterious circumstances, yet again.

Poor AI (Artificial Intelligence)

Rome: Total War has also been criticised by many reviewers and players for having poor artificial intelligence. For instance, an AI player, despite having suffered several defeats by the human player and reduced to one province, may make an unreasonable offer for peace. They may ask for all the provinces that the player has claimed from the faction, and ask for a large amount of money for peace. In battle mode, the AI does little other than charge forward against a player's lines, or simply sit out in the open and allow a player to attack. The AI, although subsequently improved in later patches, is still considered by many players to be rather poor.

Also criticised is the fact that higher difficulty levels for the game does not make the game anymore challenging, as raising the difficulty level does little other than give morale bonuses to the AI in battle mode.

Historical Accuracy

While no computer game can claim to be entirely historically accurate, due simply to the fact that a game following the strict guidleines of history can hardly be called a game at all, much was made of some of the blatant historical inaccuracies in Rome: Total War. Criticisms range from the obvious mistakes to the downright picky (certain players have complained about such things as small differences in the names of provinces or tiny deviations in armor or helmets). Some fans stipulated that the Creative Assembly was attempting to sacrifice historical accuracy to reach a wider market of gamers (those who might've played other more arcade-like RTS's like Age of Kings or Rise of Nations), and others accused the company of sacrificing strategic and tactical depth for eye candy and bigger battles to reach out to the gaming masses.

The major faction inaccuracies presented by the community stem from the portrayal of the Roman Republic as consisting of four separate political and military bodies, the Old Kingdom style of the Egyptian units and buildings, and the unification of the barbarian tribes and the "Greek Cities" into single entities with one ruler as opposed to separate tribes or at most a loose alliance. In fact, Rome was more unified than any of the other factions portrayed in the game and certainly more centralized than the Gallic tribes or Greek city states. The Egyptians were a coherent faction during the time period of the game, but their armies would have been outfitted much like the Seleucid or Macedonian forces owing to the Ptolemic dynasty's descendancy from the Macedonian generals of Alexander the Great. Although the ruler was still referred to as Pharoah, the Zulu-like Nubian Spearmen and the Old Kingdom headdresses of the Nile Spearmen would have been considered anachronisms on the battlefields of the day, while chariots had disappeared from the battlefields of Egypt some 1000 years before.

Certain units have also been criticized for being too "fantasy" and geared too much towards the younger RTS demographic as opposed to the traditional fanbase from the days of Medieval: Total War and Shogun: Total War. The Incendiary Pigs, for example, were indeed used by the Romans to counter elephant troops, however it is laughable to suggest that an entire unit was trained simply for the purpose, and it is more likely the pigs were a result of some innovative commander's quick decision on the battlefield. As mentioned above, eyebrows were raised over the inclusion of Briton Head Hurlers as actual British ranged troops, the Druids and Arcanii as groups of elite pseudo-ninja fighters and the Urban Cohort as a force equal to the Praetorian Guard in terms of fighting skill. The impeccable organization of the German Spear Warband (a unit that can perform the Macedonian phalanx, curiously), and the appearance of the red-cloaked Spartan Hoplites (while still formidable warriors, the Spartan army was well past its zenith by the time Rome invaded Greece) also stirred a bit of protest from accuracy-minded gamers and history buffs.

The Rome: Total Realism modification dealt with a number of these issues, removing the Brutii and Scipii factions from the game completely and unifying the Italian peninsula under the one faction "Rome." Patches were released to increase the number of provinces and cities, remove certain ahistorical units, modify existing units to look more realistic (for example, the Egyptian army now includes more Macedonian and Greek mercenary troops). The names of some other units were changed to promote both realism and variance (for example the generic Greek Archers were changed to Toxotes). The Rome: Total Realism mod has a significant fanbase.

Modification

Another manner in which the game was marketed to the computer elite and veterans to the Total War series was that the game was heavily, if not completely moddable. However, hard-coded limitations of the engine have held up these operations, as well as many other possible modifications and game improvements. The hard-coding of many aspects of the game has heavily limited the ability to modify several key areas of the game, such as the faction selection. Modification has also been held back by limited documentation—much information critical to modding had to be discovered by trial and error. Nevertheless, RTW remains a highly moddable game by most standards, even if it's not at the level of Half-Life 2 or certain other games. However, unlike most other games, modding RTW can easily be done with almost no tools at all. A simple text editor, such as notepad, can be used to alter almost anything in the game.

The first mod for RTW was born long before the game was released, when some people who hoped for a historically accurate game were upset by inaccurate portrayals of barbarian factions. They formed a team, called, Europa Barbarorum (EB), to gather information about the barbarians of the period in hopes of persuading the Creative Assembly to depict them more accurately. That bid failed when CA indicated that it had no intention of making the game absolutely historical. EB nevertheless continued to gather information, eventually including information about all aspects of the time period rather than just barbarians, with the intent of releasing a realism modification after the game's release. On 27 December 2005, the team released their anticipated "Open Beta", the first public release of the mod. Download links, along with detailed information about the mod, can be found on their new website.

After Rome was released, many other individuals and teams put together modifications for public consumption. Amongst the earliest major modifications to be released was Rome Total Realism (RTR), which also sought to make the game more realistic. More recently, SPQR: Total War was released—originally it was labeled a realism mod as well, but it has since dropped that appellation. It focuses on gameplay and balance, and the most recent SPQR 6.0 features a new expanded campaign map. If one downloads this mod, he or she should expect to be bombarded with huge armies every turn, making this more challenging in many people's opinions. Still another popular modification is the DarthMod. Rome Total Realism is almost certainly the most popular "total conversion" mod released so far (as opposed to those that make only minor tweaks), with an estimated 60-80,000 downloads of the 6.0 version within 24 hours after its release.

There are a number of other total conversion mods that have released preliminary versions as of September 2005. These include Chivalry: Total War, a medieval mod; Fall of Rome: Total War, based on the fall of the Roman Empire; and three Middle-earth modifications: Fourth Age: Total War and Middle Earth: Total War, and Lord of the Rings: Total War, a conversion mod based on Peter Jackson's movie trilogy. Many modifications have boards at the Guild, Total War Center, the Rome: Total Realism forum, or the Strategic Command Center. Recently, a realism mod for the BI period named "Imperia Romana" has been set up, and has the goal of completely overhauling every aspect of the standard BI game set.

There are also other modification projects that have yet to be released. Many Rome: Total War mods release screenshots and previews of their work in order to establish a fan base. A comparatively new method of generating interest in a modification project is to release trailers made by the same method as the BBC Time Commanders series. The first mod to use this method extensively was Troy: Total War, with three trailers released by October 2005. Another modification that plans on using trailers is Crusader: Total War, which will probably be realsed in June or July of 2006.

The latest patched version of RTW, 1.2, suffers from a number of bugs that have been corrected by the fans. Such issues include problems with the characters' traits (such as "Good Commander", "Angry", "Casual Adulterer", etc.), retinue members, sprites, soldier statistics, and other problems. A number of projects have sprung up to deal with them. Perhaps the most notable, comprehensive and well-supported is player1's Bug-Fixer.

1.3 was released in October 2005. Unfortunately, it was reported by players that patch 1.3 brought on even more bugs and glitches while attempting to fix some of those found in 1.2. While adding such features as morale information to troops, the patch contains many glitches and bugs. For instance, cavalry still fail to attack spearmen successfully even when their backs are turned.

Patch 1.5 (Rome Total War) and 1.6 ("Barbarian Invasion" expansion) were released in December 2005. These patches attempt to correct issues with the game brought on by 1.3 and also add other enhancements that have been in the works by CA, such as allowing archers and missile troops to fire over a player's own units that may be covering it, thereby limiting friendly fire.

Trivia

• There is some trivial information involving some of the Seven Wonders of the World such as:
  • If a player watches the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus wonder cutscene, he/she can see at least 2 statues floating in mid-air.
  • Although some experts say it was long gone before 270 BC, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon is shown in the imperial campaign.
  • In the settlements of Rhodes and Memphis, two wonders can be seen in the cities battle map view respectively. If properly positioned near Halicarnassus, one can even see three wonders (the Temple of Artemis, the Mausoleum and the Colossus of Rhodes).
  • Although it was still standing long after the Western Roman Empire fell, the Pharos Lighthouse is no longer shown in the campaign in Barbarian Invasion.
• In Barbarian Invasion, the "Celtic" Scotii Chariots show a banner belong to the faction of Britania. Also, there are other similar mismatches, such as Goths or Franks with Greek accents answering to commands in the campaign map.
• The Barbarian Invasion manual has some contradictory information. An example of this is information on sacking settlements. In one sentence, the manual says that "Sacking is a step up on completely exterminating a settlement..." and yet the next sentence says that "Nearly all of the population will be killed...".
• If a large or awesome temple is completly destroyed during a battle, the ruins will be floating in mid-air.
• Romans who have no influence or who are hated by the Senate can sometimes hold a senate office.
• In the Battle of the River Trebia scenario, Hannibal is a family member and yet in the Battle of Lake Trasimene, he is a captain.
• All legionary standards have the the inscription LEC II AVC.
• All Triumphal Arches have the inscription SENATVS POPVLVSQVE ROMANVS DIVO TITO DIVI VESPASIANI F(ILIO) VESPASIANO AVGVSTO. The reason for this is because all triumphal arches were based on the famous Arch of Titus.
• All Roman and Greek shrines are based on the Temple of Vesta in Rome.
• The voiceover for the historical battles in the Alexander expansion is done by actor Brian Blessed, who appeared in the movie Alexander (2004).

See also

• List of factions in Total War games
• Rome: Total Realism
• Europa Barbarorum
• Terrae Expugnandae-Lands to Conquer!
• SPQR Total War
• DarthMod(DM)
• The Extended Greek Mod

External links

Official Links

• Official Game Website
• Official Alexander expansion site

Fansites and Resources

• The Guild (a.k.a. "the Org"), one of the first unofficial fan sites established.
• Total War Center, an important unofficial game website, including many downloads and much Historical Information regarding this time period
• Rome: Total War Heaven, the premier unofficial game website
• Rome: Total Realism forums for general RTW discussion as well as mod-specific discussion
• Strategic Command Center, another important unofficial game website
• A wiki for the game
• Rome Total War Song Artist Jeff van Dyck
• Ciudad Estrategia: Spanish Online Community
• Rome: Total War at Curlie

Game Archive and Review sites

• Rome: Total War at GameSpot
• Barbarian Invasion at GameSpot
• Alexander expansion at GameSpot
• Rome: Total War at IGN
• Barbarian Invasion at IGN
• Alexander expansion at IGN
• Rome: Total War at MobyGames

Mod websites

• Europa Barbarorum (EB)
• Fourth Age: Total War (FA:TW)
• Lord of the Rings Total war LOTR:TW
• Middle Earth: Total War (ME:TW)
• Publicus Romanus: Total war (PR:TW)
• Res Gestae: Total war (RG:TW)
• Rome: Total Realism
• SPQR: Total War
• Terrae Expugnandae
• Troy Total war (TTW)

Miscellaneous

• Roman Empire.net, the leading web resource on the Roman Empire and contains much information about the time period in which RTW takes place