Thomas Bourchier (cardinal): Difference between revisions

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| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Thomas Bourchier
| name = Thomas Bourchier
| title = [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]</br>[[Primacy of Canterbury|Primate of All England]]
| title = [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]<br />[[Primacy of Canterbury|Primate of All England]]
| image = Cardinal Thomas Bourchier.jpg
| image = Cardinal Thomas Bourchier.jpg
| image_size = 175px
| image_size = 175px
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After holding some minor appointments he was consecrated [[Bishop of Worcester]] on 15 May 1434.<ref name=Handbook280>Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 280</ref> In the same year of 1434 he was [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] of the [[University of Oxford]], and in 1443 was appointed [[Bishop of Ely]].<ref name=Handbook245>Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 245</ref> In April 1454 he was made [[Archbishop of Canterbury]],<ref name=Handbook234>Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 234</ref> and became Lord Chancellor of England in March 1455.<ref name=Handbook87>Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 87</ref>
After holding some minor appointments he was consecrated [[Bishop of Worcester]] on 15 May 1434.<ref name=Handbook280>Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 280</ref> In the same year of 1434 he was [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] of the [[University of Oxford]], and in 1443 was appointed [[Bishop of Ely]].<ref name=Handbook245>Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 245</ref> In April 1454 he was made [[Archbishop of Canterbury]],<ref name=Handbook234>Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 234</ref> and became Lord Chancellor of England in March 1455.<ref name=Handbook87>Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 87</ref>


[[Image:Canterburycathedralthomasbourchiertomb.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Tomb of Thomas Bourchier in [[Canterbury Cathedral]]]]
[[File:Canterburycathedralthomasbourchiertomb.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Tomb of Thomas Bourchier in [[Canterbury Cathedral]]]]


Bourchier's short term of office as chancellor coincided with the start of the [[Wars of the Roses]], and at first he was not a strong [[partisan (political)|partisan]], although he lost his position as chancellor when [[Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York]], was deprived of power in October 1456. In 1458 he helped to reconcile the contending parties, but when the war was renewed in 1459 he had become a decided [[House of York|Yorkist]]. He crowned Duke Richard's son [[Edward IV of England|Edward Plantagenet, 4th Duke of York]] as King [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]] in June 1461, and four years later he crowned Edward's queen, [[Elizabeth Woodville]].
Bourchier's short term of office as chancellor coincided with the start of the [[Wars of the Roses]], and at first he was not a strong [[partisan (political)|partisan]], although he lost his position as chancellor when [[Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York]], was deprived of power in October 1456. In 1458 he helped to reconcile the contending parties, but when the war was renewed in 1459 he had become a decided [[House of York|Yorkist]]. He crowned Duke Richard's son [[Edward IV of England|Edward Plantagenet, 4th Duke of York]] as King [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]] in June 1461, and four years later he crowned Edward's queen, [[Elizabeth Woodville]].
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|30= 30. [[Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel]]
|30= 30. [[Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel]]
|31= 31. [[Eleanor of Lancaster]]
|31= 31. [[Eleanor of Lancaster]]
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* [http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1467.htm#Bourchier Biography: Thomas Bourchier]
* [http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1467.htm#Bourchier Biography: Thomas Bourchier]


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Revision as of 23:07, 12 October 2016

For the sixteenth-century English martyologist, see Thomas Bourchier (Franciscan).
His Eminence

Thomas Bourchier
Cardinal, Archbishop of Canterbury
Primate of All England
Cardinal Thomas Bourchier
1909 stained glass depiction in Sevenoaks Church, Kent, of Thomas Bourchier, wearing a cardinal's hat. His residence of Knole House, which he built, was situated opposite the church
Appointed23 April 1454
Installed26 January 1455
Term ended30 March 1486
PredecessorJohn Kemp
SuccessorJohn Morton
Orders
Ordination1433
Consecration15 May 1435
Created cardinal18 September 1467
RankCardinal priest
Personal details
Bornc. 1404
Died30 March 1486
Knole House
BuriedCanterbury Cathedral
NationalityEnglish
DenominationRoman Catholic
Coat of armsThomas Bourchier's coat of arms

Thomas Bourchier (c. 1404 – 30 March 1486) was a medieval English cardinal, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Lord Chancellor of England.[1]

Origins

Bourchier was a younger son of William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu (d. 1420) by his wife Anne of Gloucester, a daughter of Thomas of Woodstock (1355–1397), youngest son of King Edward III. One of his brothers was Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex (d. 1483), and his great-nephew was John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners, the translator of Froissart. Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham was his half-brother.

Education

He was educated at the University of Oxford, after which he entered the church and obtained rapid promotion.

Career

After holding some minor appointments he was consecrated Bishop of Worcester on 15 May 1434.[2] In the same year of 1434 he was Chancellor of the University of Oxford, and in 1443 was appointed Bishop of Ely.[3] In April 1454 he was made Archbishop of Canterbury,[4] and became Lord Chancellor of England in March 1455.[5]

Tomb of Thomas Bourchier in Canterbury Cathedral

Bourchier's short term of office as chancellor coincided with the start of the Wars of the Roses, and at first he was not a strong partisan, although he lost his position as chancellor when Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, was deprived of power in October 1456. In 1458 he helped to reconcile the contending parties, but when the war was renewed in 1459 he had become a decided Yorkist. He crowned Duke Richard's son Edward Plantagenet, 4th Duke of York as King Edward IV in June 1461, and four years later he crowned Edward's queen, Elizabeth Woodville.

In 1457 Bourchier took the chief part in the trial for heresy of Reginald Pecock, Bishop of Chichester. In 1473 he was created a cardinal, not after some delay as this honour had been sought for him by King Edward IV in 1465. In 1475 he was one of the four arbitrators appointed to arrange the details of the Treaty of Picquigny between England and France. After the death of King Edward IV in 1483 Bourchier persuaded the queen to allow her younger infant son, Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, to join his elder infant brother King Edward V in his (supposedly protective) residence in the Tower of London. Although Bourchier had sworn, before his father's death, to be faithful to King Edward V, he nevertheless crowned King Richard III in July 1483.

The third English king crowned by Bourchier was King Henry VII (1485–1509), whom he also married to Elizabeth of York in January 1486.

Death and burial

Bourchier died on 30 March 1486[4] at the palatial residence he had transformed, Knole House, near Sevenoaks in Kent, and was buried in Canterbury Cathedral, where his monument can be found.

Ancestry

Family of Thomas Bourchier (cardinal)
16. John Bourchier
8. Robert Bourchier
17. Helen Colchester
4. Sir William Bourchier
18. Thomas Prayers
9. Margaret Prayers
19. Margaret de Essex
2. William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu
20. Thomas de Louvaine
10. Sir John de Louvaine
21. Joan de Basing
5. Alianore de Lovayne
22. Sir Thomas Weston
11. Margaret Weston
23. ??
1. Thomas Bourchier
24. Edward II of England
12. Edward III of England
25. Isabella of France
6. Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester
26. William I, Count of Hainaut
13. Philippa of Hainault
27. Joan of Valois
3. Anne of Gloucester
28. William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton
14. Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford
29. Elizabeth de Badlesmere
7. Eleanor de Bohun
30. Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel
15. Joan Fitzalan
31. Eleanor of Lancaster

Citations

  1. ^ Miranda, Salvador. "Thomas Bourchier". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  2. ^ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 280
  3. ^ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 245
  4. ^ a b Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 234
  5. ^ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 87

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thomas Bourchier (bishop).

External links

Academic offices
Preceded by Chancellor of the University of Oxford
1433–1437 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Lord Chancellor
1455–1456 		Succeeded by
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Bishop of Worcester
1434–1443 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Bishop of Ely
1443–1454 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Archbishop of Canterbury
1454–1486 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Cardinal priest of San Ciriaco alle Terme Diocleziane
1467–1486 		Succeeded by

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