Fiat B.R.: Difference between revisions

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|manufacturer=[[Fiat Aviazione|Fiat]]
|manufacturer=[[Fiat Aviazione|Fiat]]
|designer=[[Celestino Rosatelli]]
|designer=[[Celestino Rosatelli]]
|first flight={{avyear|1919}}
|first flight=1919
|introduced=
|introduced=
|retired=
|retired=
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}}
}}
|}
|}
[[Image:Fiat BR.1.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Fiat BR.1]]
[[File:Fiat BR.1.jpg|thumb|Fiat BR.1]]
[[Image:Fiat BR.2.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Fiat BR.2]]
[[File:Fiat BR.2.jpg|thumb|Fiat BR.2]]
[[Image:Fiat R.22.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Fiat R.22]]
[[File:Fiat R.22.jpg|thumb|Fiat R.22]]
[[Image:Fiat BR.3.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Fiat BR.3]]
[[File:Fiat BR.3.jpg|thumb|Fiat BR.3]]
[[Image:Fiat BR.3 front quarter view.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Fiat BR.3]]
[[File:Fiat BR.3 front quarter view.jpg|thumb|Fiat BR.3]]
The '''Fiat B.R. 1/4''' was a series of [[light bomber]] developed in [[Italy]] shortly after [[World War I]].
The '''Fiat B.R. 1/4''' was a [[light bomber]] series, developed in [[Italy]] shortly after [[World War I]].


==Design and development==
==Design and development==
The B.R was a development of the [[SIA 9]] [[reconnaissance aircraft]], incorporating major strengthening of that design. Its general layout was identical with its predecessor: a two-bay [[biplane]] with tandem, open [[cockpit]]s for pilot and observer, and [[Conventional landing gear|tailskid undercarriage]]. Shortly after entering service with the ''[[Regia Aeronautica]]'', however, Rosatelli developed an improved version using the [[Warren truss]]-style bracing that would become a hallmark of his designs over the next decade.
The B.R was a development of the [[SIA 9]] [[reconnaissance aircraft]], incorporating major strengthening of that design. Its general layout was identical to its predecessor: a two-bay [[biplane]] with tandem, open [[cockpit]]s for pilot and observer, and [[Conventional landing gear|tailskid undercarriage]]. Shortly after entering service with the ''[[Regia Aeronautica]]'', however, Rosatelli developed an improved version using the [[Warren truss]]-style bracing that would become a hallmark of his designs over the next decade.


The B.R. was evolved into a number of increasingly capable variants; however, by the time the later members of the family were produced, 15 years had passed since the initial design, and the type was already obsolete. At its peak, the BR equipped 15 light bomber squadrons of the ''Regia Aeronautica''. Two examples were also exported to Sweden, and one to Hungary.
The B.R. was evolved into a number of increasingly capable variants; however, by the time the later members of the family were produced, 15 years had passed since the initial design, and the type was already obsolete. At its peak, the BR equipped 15 light bomber squadrons of the ''Regia Aeronautica''. Two examples were also exported to Sweden, and one to Hungary.


In 1922, a specially modified BR designated the '''R.700''' was used to set the world absolute airspeed record at 336 km/h (210 mph). The same aircraft was used to contest the ''[[Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe]]'' in September that year.
In 1922, a specially modified BR designated the '''R.700''' was used to set the absolute world airspeed record at 336 km/h (210 mph). The same aircraft was used to contest the ''[[Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe]]'' in September that year.
<!-- ==Operational history== -->
<!-- ==Operational history== -->


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* '''B.R.1''' - improved version with new radiator and landing gear, and Warren truss struts (150 built)
* '''B.R.1''' - improved version with new radiator and landing gear, and Warren truss struts (150 built)
* '''B.R.2''' - strengthened structure, new landing gear, and [[Fiat A.25]] engine
* '''B.R.2''' - strengthened structure, new landing gear, and [[Fiat A.25]] engine
**'''R.22''' - reconnaissance aircraft of which two prototypes and 23 production versions were built. Although resembling the BR.2 it was of smaller dimensions and the wing and fuselage structures were all metal. All examples flown by Regia Aeronautica [[Fiat A.22]] engine
**'''R.22''' - reconnaissance aircraft of which two prototypes and 23 production versions were built. Although resembling the BR.2 it was of smaller dimensions and the wing and fuselage structures were all-metal. All examples flown by Regia Aeronautica with [[Fiat A.22]] engine
* '''B.R.3''' - new landing gear, fitted with radio and panoramic camera and (in later versions) Handley Page-type [[Leading edge slats|slats]] (100 built)
* '''B.R.3''' - new landing gear, fitted with radio and panoramic camera and (in later versions) Handley Page-type [[Leading edge slats|slats]] (100 built)
* '''B.R.4''' - substantial redesign with revised aerodynamics, new landing gear, and new radiator arrangement (1 built)
* '''B.R.4''' - substantial redesign with revised aerodynamics, new landing gear, and new radiator arrangement (one built)
* '''R.700''' - racer for world airspeed record attempt
* '''R.700''' - racer for world airspeed record attempt


==Operators==
==Operators==
;{{flag|Kingdom of Hungary}}
;{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)}}
*[[Hungarian Air Force]]
*[[Royal Hungarian Air Force]]
;{{flag|Kingdom of Italy}}
;{{flag|Kingdom of Italy}}
*[[Corpo Aeronautico Militare]]
*[[Regia Aeronautica]]
;{{SWE}}
;{{SWE}}
*[[Swedish Air Force]]
*[[Swedish Air Force]] As the B 1 and B 2.
;{{China as ROC}}
;{{China as ROC}}
*[[Chinese Nationalist Air Force]] Operated the BR.3
*[[Chinese Nationalist Air Force]] Operated the BR.3
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==Specifications (B.R.2)==
==Specifications (B.R.2)==
{{Aircraft specs
{{aerospecs
|prime units? = met
|ref=
⚫
|crew=two, pilot and observer
|met or eng?=<!-- eng for US/UK aircraft, met for all others. You MUST include one or the other here, or no specifications will show -->met
⚫
|crew=Two, pilot and observer
|capacity=
|length m=10.66
|length m=10.66
|length ft=35
|length ft=35
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|span ft=56
|span ft=56
|span in=9
|span in=9
|width m=<!-- if applicable -->
|width ft=<!-- if applicable -->
|width in=<!-- if applicable -->
|height m=3.91
|height m=3.91
|height ft=12
|height ft=12
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|gross weight lb=9,248
|gross weight lb=9,248
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 type=[[Fiat A.25]]
|eng1 name=[[Fiat A.25]]
|eng1 kw=813
|eng1 kw=813
|eng1 hp=1,090
|eng1 hp=1,090
|eng2 number=
|eng2 type=
|eng2 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng2 hp=<!-- prop engines -->
|max speed kmh=240
|max speed kmh=240
|max speed mph=140
|max speed mph=140
|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|range km=1,000
|range km=1,000
|range miles=621
|range miles=621
|endurance h=<!-- if range unknown -->
|endurance min=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=6,250
|ceiling m=6,250
|ceiling ft=20,500
|ceiling ft=20,500
|climb rate ms=4.2
|climb rate ms=4.2
|climb rate ftmin=830
|climb rate ftmin=830
|armament1=1 × fixed, forward-firing 7.7 mm (.303 in) [[Vickers machine gun]]
|armament = *1 × fixed, forward-firing 7.7 mm (.303 in) [[Vickers machine gun]]
|armament2=1 × trainable, rearward-firing 7.7 mm (.303 in) [[Lewis Gun]]
*1 × trainable, rearward-firing 7.7 mm (.303 in) [[Lewis Gun]]
|armament3=720 kg (1,590 lb) of bombs
*720 kg (1,590 lb) of bombs
|armament4=
|armament5=
|armament6=
}}
}}


==See also==
==See also==
{{aircontent
{{aircontent
<!-- include as many lines are appropriate. additional lines/entries with carriage return. -->
<!-- include as many lines are appropriate. additional lines/entries with carriage return. -->
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==References==
==References==
{{commonscat|Fiat B.R.}}
{{commons category|Fiat B.R.}}
* {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London |pages=383 }}
* {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London |pages=383 }}
* {{cite book |title=Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aviation|publisher=Aerospace Publishing|location=London |pages=1800}}
* {{cite book |title=Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aviation|publisher=Aerospace Publishing|location=London |pages=1800}}
* {{cite book |title=World Aircraft Information Files |publisher=Bright Star Publishing|location=London |pages=File 894 Sheet 18 }}
* {{cite book |title=World Aircraft Information Files |publisher=Bright Star Publishing|location=London |pages=File 894 Sheet 18 }}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Hirschauer |editor1-first=Louis |editor2-last=Dollfus |editor2-first=Charles |title=L'Année Aéronautique: 1919-1920 |date=1920 |publisher=Dunod |location=Paris |page=45 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6553380s/f57.item}}
<!-- ==External links== -->


{{Fiat aircraft}}
{{Fiat aircraft}}
{{Swedish bomber aircraft}}
{{Swedish military aircraft designations}}
{{Portal bar|Italy|Companies|Aviation}}
{{aviation lists}}


⚫
[[Category:Fiat aircraft|BR]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Biplanes]]
[[Category:Biplanes]]
[[Category:Italian bomber aircraft 1910–1919]]
[[Category:1910s Italian bomber aircraft]]
⚫
[[Category:Fiat aircraft|BR]]
[[Category:Military aircraft of World War I]]
[[Category:Military aircraft of World War I]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1919]]

Latest revision as of 12:51, 29 January 2023

BR
Fiat BR
Role Bomber
Manufacturer Fiat
Designer Celestino Rosatelli
First flight 1919
Number built >250
Fiat BR.1
Fiat BR.2
Fiat R.22
Fiat BR.3
Fiat BR.3

The Fiat B.R. 1/4 was a light bomber series, developed in Italy shortly after World War I.

Design and development[edit]

The B.R was a development of the SIA 9 reconnaissance aircraft, incorporating major strengthening of that design. Its general layout was identical to its predecessor: a two-bay biplane with tandem, open cockpits for pilot and observer, and tailskid undercarriage. Shortly after entering service with the Regia Aeronautica, however, Rosatelli developed an improved version using the Warren truss-style bracing that would become a hallmark of his designs over the next decade.

The B.R. was evolved into a number of increasingly capable variants; however, by the time the later members of the family were produced, 15 years had passed since the initial design, and the type was already obsolete. At its peak, the BR equipped 15 light bomber squadrons of the Regia Aeronautica. Two examples were also exported to Sweden, and one to Hungary.

In 1922, a specially modified BR designated the R.700 was used to set the absolute world airspeed record at 336 km/h (210 mph). The same aircraft was used to contest the Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe in September that year.

Variants[edit]

  • B.R. - initial production version with Fiat A.14 engine and conventional struts
  • B.R.1 - improved version with new radiator and landing gear, and Warren truss struts (150 built)
  • B.R.2 - strengthened structure, new landing gear, and Fiat A.25 engine
    • R.22 - reconnaissance aircraft of which two prototypes and 23 production versions were built. Although resembling the BR.2 it was of smaller dimensions and the wing and fuselage structures were all-metal. All examples flown by Regia Aeronautica with Fiat A.22 engine
  • B.R.3 - new landing gear, fitted with radio and panoramic camera and (in later versions) Handley Page-type slats (100 built)
  • B.R.4 - substantial redesign with revised aerodynamics, new landing gear, and new radiator arrangement (one built)
  • R.700 - racer for world airspeed record attempt

Operators[edit]

 Hungary
 Kingdom of Italy
 Sweden
 China

Specifications (B.R.2)[edit]

General characteristics

  • Crew: two, pilot and observer
  • Length: 10.66 m (35 ft 0 in)
  • Wingspan: 17.30 m (56 ft 9 in)
  • Height: 3.91 m (12 ft 10 in)
  • Wing area: 70.2 m2 (756 sq ft)
  • Empty weight: 2,646 kg (5,833 lb)
  • Gross weight: 4,195 kg (9,248 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Fiat A.25 , 813 kW (1,090 hp)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 240 km/h (140 mph, 120 kn)
  • Range: 1,000 km (621 mi, 540 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 6,250 m (20,500 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 4.2 m/s (830 ft/min)

Armament

  • 1 × fixed, forward-firing 7.7 mm (.303 in) Vickers machine gun
  • 1 × trainable, rearward-firing 7.7 mm (.303 in) Lewis Gun
  • 720 kg (1,590 lb) of bombs

See also[edit]

Related lists

References[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fiat B.R..
  • Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions. p. 383.
  • Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Aerospace Publishing. p. 1800.
  • World Aircraft Information Files. London: Bright Star Publishing. pp. File 894 Sheet 18.
  • Hirschauer, Louis; Dollfus, Charles, eds. (1920). L'Année Aéronautique: 1919-1920. Paris: Dunod. p. 45.
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