Heinkel HE 5

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Heinkel HE 5
Heinkel He 5a Aero Digest September 1926.jpg
Heinkel HE 5a
Type: Maritime patrol
Design country:

German EmpireGerman Empire German Empire

Manufacturer:

Heinkel
Svenska Aero
CVV

First flight:

July 1926

Commissioning:

1927

Production time:

1927-1937

Number of pieces:

57

The Heinkel HE 5 was a German swimmer - reconnaissance aircraft of the 1920s. The abbreviation HE stands for Heinkel monoplane .

history

As a result of the lifting of the restrictions laid down in the Versailles Treaty after the First World War with regard to the technical parameters for the civil powered aircraft registered in Germany, the Deutsche Luftfahrt-Verband e. V. held the German Sea Flight Competition planned for the same year in February 1926 . The official goal was the development of a powerful and seaworthy mail plane. Since the monetary prizes, endowed with a total of 360,000  RM , were provided by the naval leadership acting as the initiator behind the association, it can be assumed that it will be used in the future in a military manner. In addition to the biplane HD 24, Heinkel quickly developed the monoplane HE 5, two of which were built for the competition. The first and HE designated 5a specimen was with an English line engine Napier Lion equipped as HE titled 5b second machine was awarded the French license version of Jupiter - radial engine .

The HE 5b sunk in the 1926 competition

The competition, held in July 1926, was dominated by the two HE 5s, which were in the foremost places after four cross-country flights over a total of almost 4000 km. In the last seaworthiness test carried out, however, the pilot Ottfried von Dewitz, who was in second place, misjudged himself on landing and placed his HE 5b so hard on the water surface that the front float segments broke away. In addition, the plane was rammed by a rescue boat and finally sunk. Von Dewitz dropped out after this accident, but Heinkel's second pilot Wolfgang von Gronau was able to successfully complete the test with the HE 5a and win the competition. He was then able to prove the reliability of the design again and, together with the Swedish aviator Tornberg, set two world altitude records on November 2 and 10, 1926; the first in Germany to gain international recognition after its re-entry into the FAI . They reached a height of 4492 m with a payload of 1000 kg and 5731 m with 500 kg.

The success resulted in an order from the Swedish Air Force in October 1926 for four aircraft, which were built under license by Svenska Aero and delivered in May / June 1927. The order was then expanded to include a further 36 pieces, the construction of which was completed in 1937. They were motorized differently and were accordingly designated as S 5 or S 5A to S 5D. The first and last versions were armed with two 8-mm-MG m / 22s. The last of these Swedish aircraft were not retired until 1945. Two S 5s were used in the rescue expedition in 1928 for the airship Italia , which crashed in the Arctic Ocean with its designer Umberto Nobile .

In Germany, minus the two competition models, 15 units were produced from 1927 and equipped with different versions of the BMW VI . They were given the version designations c, d and e. An HE 5e was exhibited at the Paris Aerosalon in the summer of 1928 . Since the HE 5 was intended for license production in the event of mobilization , four units were produced on a trial basis at Focke-Wulf in Bremen and designated as HE 5f. Holders of all machines registered in Germany was the DVS , they officially began to Seeschulung, but also for the testing of weapons and equipment at the test site Lake of the RDL (Reich Association of the German aviation industry) in Travemünde .

The Soviet Union also showed interest and in 1927 purchased an HE 5d and HE 5e. The HE 5d was tested in Warnemünde from October 17, 1927 and loaded onto the Kalinin freighter for sea transport on October 31 . During the journey it suffered some damage - according to the takeover protocol , caused by inadequate packaging - but was repaired and extensively tested by the pilots Ribalchuk and Komarenko in Sevastopol from February to May 1928 . They certified the model's suitability for use on closed waters and rivers, but advised against operation at sea because of difficult take-off and landing properties. The HE 5d then flew with the 65th Aviation Department of the Black Sea Fleet and was destroyed on August 9, 1929 by its commander in a failed splashdown after a night flight. It was lifted, but not rebuilt because of the severe damage. The HE 5e was still under construction when it was purchased and, at the request of the Soviet representative Nikolai Kharlamov, was converted into a two-seater during this phase, after Heinkel had already received some change requests via the Soviet embassy in Berlin in December 1927. They included the assembly of an external load carrier to carry a 160 kg bomb and a Goerz FI 110 bomb targeting device. Further armament options were a rigid Vickers machine gun mounted on the left side of the fuselage and a rotary ring mount door equipped with a Lewis double machine gun in the rear cabin -6. Camera and radio equipment was also installed. After its completion in March 1928, the HE 5e was also brought to the Soviet Union by ship, this time on board the steamer Karl Liebknecht , and handed over to the Jeisk Aviation School , where it was used until 1930 and then scrapped.

construction

The HE 5 is a semi - cantilevered low -wing aircraft in composite construction . The fuselage has a rectangular cross-section with a curved back and consists of a tubular steel framework with an aluminum cladding in the engine area and fabric covering in the rest. The driver's cab can be equipped with two or three seats as required. The two-spar , rectangular wings with elliptical edge arches and a V-position of 2.5 ° are designed in two parts and consist of a wooden construction, which is covered with plywood in the area of ​​the wing nose and otherwise covered with fabric. They are connected to the trunk by hook joints. The tail unit consists of the elevator with a continuous axis and an integrated semi-cantilever horizontal stabilizer that can be adjusted in flight and the low-set rudder. All oars consist of a tubular steel frame with fabric covering. The floating mechanism consists of two two -stage wooden floats , flat at the front and keeled at the back, with a duralumin bottom with 95% reserve buoyancy and 1475 liters of volume each. They are connected to the fuselage and the structure by tubular steel struts.

Versions

designation Remarks
HE 5a First built example with the work number 247 and the registration number D – 937 . Winner of the German Sea Flight Competition 1926.
HE 5b Second built example with the serial number 248, the registration D-938 and rudder enlarged downwards. Loss during the German Sea Flight Competition in 1926 after crash landing and subsequent accidental sinking by the air traffic control boat "Otto Lilienthal".
HE 5c First series production, two pieces were built in 1927 with the serial numbers 275 (identification D – 21164 ) and 276 ( D – 1268 ).
HE 5d Version with the BMW VIa engine. Only one copy (WNr. 277) was built and sold to the Soviet Union in 1927.
HE 5e
( HE 5 VF )
The most popular production version in Germany with an approximately oval fuselage cross-section, a different rudder shape and an enlarged elevator. Eight units were built in 1928, with serial numbers 289, 290, 297–302. Number 289 was sold to the Soviet Union in 1927. The 302 received wings with a modified profile and a modified tail unit and was tested in 1930 as the HE 5 VF in Travemünde.
HE 5f Test series built in 1932 at Focke-Wulf in Bremen in four units with a BMW VI 7.3Z engine. Work numbers were 116–119.
S 5 Hansa Swedish version with Bristol Jupiter with 450 hp (331 kW). Four of them were built in 1927 with the serial numbers 32–35 and put into service with the Swedish Air Force with the tactical numbers 251–254. S stands for Spaningsflygplan, reconnaissance aircraft.
S 5A Swedish version with an engine Bristol Jupiter VI A. A total of 22 units were built from January 1928 to December 1932, ten of them at Svenska Aero and twelve at Centrala Flygverkstaden i Västerås (CVV, Västerås Central Aviation Workshop ). They flew with tactical numbers 465–476.
S 5B 1934 CVV as a one-off version with Nohab My VI A as drive (600 HP (441 kW)). She received the work number L and flew with the tactical number 477.
S 5C A series of nine aircraft also produced by CVV and equipped with Nohab My VI A. They were created from 1935 to 1937 with the work numbers M, N, P, R – Z and were used with the tactical numbers 478–486.
S 5D The last version, published in four copies, was built from 1935 to 1937 with the work numbers A – D and was assigned the tactical numbers 487–490. A Nohab My VII A with 675 PS (496 kW) served as the drive. It was produced by CVV.

Technical specifications

Three-sided elevation of HE 5a; bottom left a side view with an unspecified five-cylinder radial engine
Parameter HE 5a HE 5b HE 5c HE 5e HE 5f
First flight 1926 1927 1928 1929
crew 3 2 3
Engine a Napier Lion XI a Gnôme et Rhône Jupiter VI a BMW VI 5.5 a BMW VI 5.5Z a BMW VI 7.3Z
power 450 hp (331 kW) 420 hp (309 kW) 600 hp (441 kW) 650 PS (478 kW) 750 PS (552 kW)
length 11.8 m 12.1 m 12.18 m 12.1 m
span 16.8 m 16.74 m 16.8 m
height 4.56 m 4.36 m k. A. 4.25 m 4.24 m
Wing area 48.98 m² 48.94 m² 47.8 m² 48.94 m²
Preparation mass 1650 kg 1530 kg 1890 kg 2227 kg 1950 kg
payload k. A. k. A. 300 kg 95 kg 190 kg
Takeoff mass 2500 kg 2870 kg 2900 kg
Top speed 209 km / h near the ground 200 km / h near the ground 230 km / h near the ground 226 km / h near the ground 230 km / h near the ground
Cruising speed 180 km / h 190 km / h 179 km / h 185 km / h
Landing speed 86 km / h 85 km / h 88 km / h 101 km / h 88 km / h
Rise time 3:54 min at 1000 m altitude
8:18 min at 2000 m altitude
4:06 min at 1000 m altitude
8:48 min at 2000 m altitude
3:18 min at 1000 m altitude
7:30 min at 2000 m altitude
2:54 min at 1000 m altitude
6:30 min at 2000 m altitude
3:18 min at 1000 m altitude
7:24 min at 2000 m altitude
Service ceiling 5800 km 5000 km 5800 km 5220 km 6000 m
Range 800 km 1000 km 630 km 950 km
Take-off run k. A. k. A. k. A. 230 m k. A.

Preserved copies

Wreck of a HE 5f in the Aviation Museum in Krakow

No complete copy of the HE 5 has survived. The remains of an HE 5f can only be viewed in the Polish Aviation Museum in Krakow. The aircraft with the serial number 117 belonged to the test series produced by Focke-Wulf in 1932 and is a former part of the German Aviation Collection Berlin .

See also

literature

  • Volker Koos: Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke 1922–1932 . Heel, Königswinter 2006, ISBN 3-89880-502-6 , p. 23-25 .
  • Volker Koos: Ernst Heinkel . From the biplane to the jet engine. Delius Klasing, Bielefeld 2007, ISBN 978-3-7688-1906-0 , p. 65-69 .
  • Wladimir Kotelnikow: Heinkel HE 5 in the Soviets . In: Aviation Classics . No. 8/14 . Motor Presse, Stuttgart 2014, p. 46-49 .
  • Helmut Stützer: The German military aircraft 1919–1934 . E. S. Mittler & Sohn, Herford 1984, ISBN 3-8132-0184-8 , p. 134/135 .

Web links

Commons : Heinkel HE 5  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Dimitri Alexejewitsch Sobolew: German traces in Soviet aviation history . Mittler & Sohn, Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn 2000, ISBN 3-8132-0675-0 , pp. 58/59 .
  2. a b c d e Helmut Stützer: The German military aircraft 1919–1934 . E. S. Mittler & Sohn, Herford 1984, ISBN 3-8132-0184-8 , p. 185, 191, 196 and 201 .