Heinkel He 63

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Heinkel He 63
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Type: Trainer aircraft
Design country:

German EmpireGerman Empire German Empire

Manufacturer:

Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke

First flight:

April 1932

Number of pieces:

3

The Heinkel He 63 was a trainer aircraft made by the German manufacturer Heinkel in the 1930s.

history

The He 63 was developed on an initiative of the DVS ( Deutsche Verkehrsfliegerschule ), a cover organization of the banned German Air Force , which announced the requirements for a class B1 training aircraft in the spring of 1930. A land version was to be built for school and cross-country flights up to 600 km, at the same time a float version for the training of sea ​​pilots was put out to tender. The companies Albatros , Arado , BFW , Focke-Wulf and Heinkel were asked to submit project proposals. The designs by Arado, Albatros and Heinkel were shortlisted, but due to the limited financial resources only Albatros and Heinkel received construction contracts in the spring of 1931, so that Arado developed his project at its own expense. The available Argus As 10 drive, which is very powerful for training aircraft, with over 200 HP and hanging cylinders also played a role here, because it was aerodynamically very cheap to install in airframes. The construction of the prototype was delayed until April 1932 due to financing problems. After the introduction of the RLM designation system, the land version was designated as He 63A and the float version as He 63Aw.

The technical testing took place after the completion of the prototype in Travemünde . In July 1932, the aircraft was tested at DVS in Warnemünde , as were their rival designs Ar 66 and Al 102 a little later . However, I found out that the machine, which was then still known as the HD 63, did not achieve the required performance. It could be converted to swimmers quickly , but the performance was then 30% below the required values, which is why it was rejected.

Apart from that, the He 63 was a very robust and spacious training aircraft that was very well suited for training observers, radio operators, photographers, etc., as the fuselage offered enough space for a wide variety of equipment.

Due to its poor performance parameters, only three of the He 63 were probably built with the serial numbers 401 ( D–2219, later D–IKIT), 402 ( D–2263) and 407 ( D–2329, later D–IBYM). The land landing gear was replaced by floats during the tests. Because of the larger set-up mass with the floats, this lake version was given a lower wing that was enlarged by 6 m². In this variant of the He 63, the lower wing had the same span as the upper wing. Only four aircraft of this version were built.

construction

The construction of the aircraft was kept as simple as possible. All load-bearing parts were made of steel or light metal, connecting elements were made of chrome-nickel steel. The spars were profile steel tubes to which light metal ribs were applied. The fuselage and wings were mostly covered with linen. The upper wing was connected to the fuselage and the lower wing by N-stems and was braced. The upper wing had a slight V-shape of 1 °. In the land version, the straight lower wing was 2 m shorter than the upper wing and had a 2 ° V position. Each wing had two steel spars with light metal ribs. The wing noses were covered with dural , the other surfaces covered with linen . The tail unit had a tubular steel spar with light metal ribs. The oars were made entirely of light metal and were covered with fabric. The 8-cylinder engine with its hanging cylinders could be aerodynamically installed in the airframe very cheaply and with its 200 hp it had large power reserves for a training aircraft.

Technical specifications

Parameter Data (Heinkel He 63A-0 (L))
crew 2
Wingspan above 10.8 m
Wingspan below 8.0 m
length 8.20 m
height 2.70 m
Wing area 24.37 m²
Wing loading 51.3 kg / m²
Power load 5.69 kg / hp
Empty mass 820 kg
additional equipment 14 kg
crew 160 kg
fuel 180 kg
Lubricant 26 kg
Payload 50 kg
Takeoff mass 1250 kg
Maximum speed at a height of 0 m 188 km / h
Top speed at an altitude of 1000 m 201 km / h
Top speed at an altitude of 2000 m 195 km / h
Cruising speed at a height of 0 m 170 km / h
Cruising speed at an altitude of 1000 m 190 km / h
Cruising speed at 2000 m altitude 186 km / h
Landing speed 76 km / h
optimal range at V max at an altitude of 1000 m 1000 km
optimal range at V r at an altitude of 1000 m 1050 km
optimal range 1200 km
Climbing time to an altitude of 1000 m 5.2 min
Ascent time to 2000 m altitude 12.7 min
Ascent time to 3000 m altitude 22.4 min
Summit height 3900 m
Taxiway at the start 270 m
Take-off distance up to 15 m 410 m
Landing distance from a height of 15 m 370 m
Engine Argus As 10 approx
Starting power 220 hp (162 kW) at 2000 min -1 0 m
rated capacity 195 hp (143 kW) at 1850 min -1 m in height 0
rated capacity 190 hp (140 kW) at 1850 min -1 to 2000 m
specific fuel consumption 230 g / PSh
Propeller Two-bladed wooden propeller with a diameter of 2.4 m
Armament optionally 1 × MG 17 rigid to the front above the front part of the fuselage

See also

literature

  • Heinkel - Chronicle and type sheets of the company Heinkel-Flugzeugbau, reprint of the Heinkel type sheets, AVIATIC Verlag, ISBN 3-925505-08-3 .
  • Volker Koos: Aviation between the Baltic Sea and Breitling , transpress, 1990, ISBN 3-344-00480-8 .
  • Volker Koos: Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke 1922–1932. Heel, Königswinter 2006, ISBN 3-89880-502-6 .
  • Heinz J. Nowarra : The German Air Armament 1933-1945 . Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Koblenz 1993, ISBN 3-7637-5464-4 .
  • Helmut Stützer: The German military aircraft 1919–1934 . Mittler-Verlag, Herford 1984, ISBN 3-8132-0184-8 .

Web links