Heinkel He 114

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Heinkel He 114
Heinkel he 114 san diego air and space museum 2.jpg
Romanian He 114 on the Siutghiolsee
Type: Reconnaissance plane
Design country:

German Reich NSGerman Reich (Nazi era) German Empire

Manufacturer:

Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke

First flight:

1936

Commissioning:

1938

Number of pieces:

98

The Heinkel He 114 was a German catapult capable swimmers - reconnaissance aircraft of the 1930s. It was developed to compete with the Arado Ar 95 and Focke-Wulf Fw 62 .

History and commitment

When a successor model for the He 60 was sought, the Heinkel He 114 was developed. This one -and-a-half-decker with an extremely short lower wing should be usable as a close-up reconnaissance aircraft and able to launch from the catapult of a warship .

The aircraft was designed in all-metal shell construction and a single-handled, tensioned one-and-a-half-decker with Y-handles and a cantilevered normal tail unit and a rigid, tensioned all-metal float mechanism. The first prototype He 114 V1 flew in 1936 with a 950-hp Daimler-Benz DB 600 engine . A second prototype ( He 114 V2 , registration D-UGAT) was initially equipped with a 670 hp Jumo 210 engine. Equipped with a BMW-132 engine, this machine then carried out the first long tests as an on-board aircraft from the Gneisenau . The He 114 V3 (D-IOGD) received an 880 HP radial engine BMW 132Dc with two-bladed propeller, the He 114 V4 (D-IDWS) received a 950 HP radial engine BMW 132K with three-bladed propeller. The four V-patterns differ in the design of the swimmers. The fifth prototype He 114 V5 (D-IQRS) with a BMW-132Dc radial engine was finally the series prototype .

He 114 V2 with Jumo 210

These machines were followed by ten pre-series He 114 A-0 models with BMW engines, the first of which were designated as V6 to V9 . The pre-production machine He 114 V8 (D-IGED) was the prototype for 33 machines of the He 114 A-1 series with 880 hp BMW 132Dc, which were used as trainers. The He 114 V9 (D-IHDG) became the prototype for the He 114 A-2 series with a 970 hp BMW 132K engine, which was used by the 506 coastal aviation group and as an aircraft on board. In 1939 the Luftwaffe received 14 machines of the He 114 C-1 series , which had two rigid machine guns at the front, and the unarmed He 114 C-2 series .

From 1938/1939, the He 114 replaced the Heinkel He 60, which was ineffective due to its poor flight performance. As aircraft on board, they were stationed on the battleships of the Scharnhorst class , but were replaced by the Arado Ar 196 at the start of the war . The auxiliary cruisers Atlantis , Widder and Pinguin also initially had two He 114 A-2s on board. On Atlantis and Pinguin , they were replaced by Ar 196 during their war journeys. In addition to the missions of the auxiliary cruisers, the He 114 was deployed in the war with the Luftwaffe over the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea.

Three aircraft were sent to Spain as replacements for He 60s previously delivered. Twelve He 114 A-2s were sold to Sweden as He 114 B- 1s and flown there as S 12 from 1941 to 1947. The delivery of four machines to Denmark, which was agreed on April 1st, did not take place. Romania bought six He 114 B-2s , three with Jumo 210 and three with Daimler-Benz DB-600 engines. After the beginning of the war against the Soviet Union , at least twelve He 114 A-2s followed as He 114 B-3s . In Romania, the last eight machines were not taken out of service until 1960.

A total of 98 He 114 of all versions are said to have been built. The competitor designs Arado Ar 95 and Focke-Wulf Fw 62 were built in even smaller numbers. The Ar 196 ultimately became the standard aircraft and coastal reconnaissance aircraft of the Air Force .

Technical specifications

Parameter Data (He 114 V 2) Data (He 114A-2)
crew 2
span 13.8 (top)
6.00 m (bottom)		 13.60 m (top)
6.00 m (bottom)
length 11.85 m 11.65 m
height 5.23 m
Wing area 42.70 m² 42.30 m²
Wing loading 77.8 kg / m² 87.00 kg / m²
Power load 4.88 kg / hp 3.82 kg / hp
Empty mass 2100 kg 2300 kg
Preparation mass 2195 kg 2420 kg
payload 70 kg 200 kg
Takeoff mass 3316 kg 3670 kg
Engine a liquid-cooled twelve-cylinder V-engine Jumo 210a an air-cooled nine-cylinder radial engine BMW 132K
Take-off power
nominal power on the ground
nominal power (height)
full pressure height		 680 PS (500 kW) at 2700 rpm
680 PS (500 kW) at 2700 rpm
650 PS (478 kW) at 2700 rpm in 4000 m
2000 m		 960 PS (706 kW) at 2250 rpm
810 PS (596 kW) at 2200 rpm
830 PS (610 kW) at 2250 rpm in 850 m
1000 m
spec. Fuel consumption 220 g / PS h 240 g / PS h
Top speed 270 km / h near the ground
305 km / h at 2000 m altitude
270 km / h at 4000 m altitude		 330 km / h near the ground
335 km / h at 1000 m altitude
310 km / h at 2000 m altitude
Marching speed 240 km / h near the ground
240 km / h at 2000 m altitude
230 km / h at 4000 m altitude		 270 km / h near the ground
295 km / h at an altitude of 1000 m
270 km / h at an altitude of 2000 m
Landing speed 105 km / h 120 km / h
Rise time 9.8 min at 2000 m altitude
20.6 min at 4000 m altitude
27.4 min at 5000 m altitude		 4.3 min at 1000 m altitude
10.0 min at 2000 m altitude
18.2 min at 3000 m altitude
Summit height 6500 m 4900 m
Range 500 km at maximum speed at 2000 m altitude
700 km at cruising speed at 2000 m altitude
830 maximum		 880 km at maximum speed at 1000 m altitude
920 km at cruising speed at 1000 m altitude
1000 km maximum
Take-off run 400 m 380 m
Takeoff route 510 m by 15 m
Landing route 500 m from 15 m 460 m from 15 m
Armament no a movable 7.92 mm MG 15 in the turntable
optionally 1–2 rigid 7.92 mm MG 17 on the fuselage

See also

literature

  • Christian König, Axel Kleckers: The large aircraft on board. Arado Ar 95 and Heinkel He 114 . Helios, Aachen 2018, ISBN 978-3-86933-215-4 .
  • Volker Koos: Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke 1933-1945 (=  type books German aviation ). Heel, Königswinter 2003, ISBN 3-89880-217-5 , p. 68 ff .
  • Heinz J. Nowarra : The German Air Armament 1933–1945 . tape 2 : Erla – Heinkel aircraft types. Bernard & Graefe, Koblenz 1993, ISBN 3-7637-5466-0 , p. 207 ff .
  • Facsimile reprint: Heinkel. Chronicle and data sheets from Heinkel-Flugzeugbau . 3. Edition. Aviatic, Oberhaching 1996, ISBN 3-925505-08-3 , pp. 93 ff.- .
  • William Green: Floatplanes (=  War Planes of the Second World War . Band 6 ). 3. Edition. MacDonald, 1968, pp. 74 ff . (English, SBN 356 01 450 9, SBN 356 01 450 9).

Web links

Commons : Heinkel He 114  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heinkel data sheets, p. 94
  2. ↑ Heinkel data sheets, p. 98