Heinkel HD 19

Heinkel HD 19
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Type:	Fighter and maritime reconnaissance aircraft
Design country:	German Empire
Manufacturer:	Heinkel Svenska Aero
First flight:	July 1928
Commissioning:	August 1928
Production time:	1928/1929
Number of pieces:	6th

The Heinkel HD 19 was a German floatplane that was developed by Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke in Warnemünde on behalf of the Swedish Air Force at the end of the 1920s .

history

The Swedish Flygvapnet had had positive experiences in recent years with the Heinkel designs they used, such as the HE 5 and HD 35 , and so in September 1927 they commissioned the construction of two two-seater float fighters. Heinkel based the construction on his unrealized project P 769 . The two aircraft with the serial numbers 295 and 296 received British Jupiter engines and were declared as civilian models with the use of cruise flight due to the aircraft construction restrictions imposed after the First World War . They were designed in such a way that a quick exchange of the land landing gear for a floating gear was possible, an option that the Swedish military should not have used very often, since they used the HD 19 almost exclusively as a seaplane . In July 1928, the construction and testing of both copies was completed without any problems. Even before delivery, a major event took place in nearby Bad Doberan on July 22nd , to which the two newly crowned ocean pilots Freiherr von Hünefeld and Hermann Köhl were invited as the main attraction with the W 33 "Europe" . When their arrival was delayed, Heinkel's works pilot Stephan von Prondzynski bridged the waiting time and performed an aerobatic program with an HD 19 .

In August it was finally handed over to Sweden's armed forces, which put the two aircraft with the registration numbers 280 and 281 under the designation J 4 (J for “Jaktflygplan”, fighter aircraft) into service. Apparently they were able to meet expectations, because on October 3, 1928 another order was placed for four HD 19s this time, which was now sent to Svenska Aero , Heinkel's Swedish partner company. Construction was carried out there from May to September 1929 and the aircraft with the chronologically continued service numbers 282 to 285 (serial numbers 58-61) were flown. In November 1931 the system was changed to a four-digit number sequence and the six HD 19s were re-registered as 2280 to 2285. They performed their service reliably for a long time, although they were used less as hunters than as reconnaissance aircraft, and were usually only retired after accidents. As the last HD 19, the 2282 and 2281 were retired in April and August 1937, respectively.

construction

The HD 19 was a single-handled, tensioned biplane with heavily staggered wings in a composite construction . The fuselage was made up of a welded tubular steel construction mostly covered with fabric . The one in the bow area with the radial engine was clad with aluminum sheets, as was the arched top of the fuselage up to the rear edge of the rear cabin. The HD 19 was designed as a two-seater with open cabins for pilots and observers in tandem form , which could be equipped with a double control for school purposes . A fuel tank with a capacity of 390 l was installed in front of the pilot's cabin, which, together with the oil tank , was shielded from the engine in front by a fire bulkhead. Another container, designed as a drop tank, was located in the upper wing .

The wings of the HD 19 consisted of ribs and two box spars made of wood, internal struts made of tubular steel and were covered with fabric except for the leading edges of the wing clad with plywood . An N-strut on each side served as a connection between the upper and lower surfaces, both of which were equipped with ailerons . The tail structure was covered with fabric and consisted of tubular steel. The horizontal stabilizer was adjustable in flight, the fin could only be set on the ground. As a seaplane, the HD 19 was equipped with a rudder that was pulled down to under the stern .

The HD 19 could be equipped with either a land gear or a floating gear, which could be changed relatively quickly and without special tools thanks to the fittings on the fuselage. The cultivation of skis during the winter was also feasible. In the land version, the non-retractable main wheels had a continuous axle and sprung front struts and there was a grinding spur at the rear. In the swimming variant, the HD 19 was equipped with two single-stage wooden floats with floors made of duralumin .

Technical specifications

Parameter	Data (HD 19 Land)	Data (HD 19 See)
crew	2
span	11.00 m above, 9.50 m below
length	7.80 m	9.26 m
height	3.4 m
Wing area	31.6 m²
V position	above 1 °, below 2 °
Preparation mass	1010 kg	1175 kg
Payload	550 kg
Takeoff mass	1560 kg	1725 kg
drive	an air-cooled nine-cylinder - four stroke - radial engine
Type	Bristol Jupiter VI
Starting power nominal power continuous power	600 PS (441 kW) at 2100 rpm 480 PS (353 kW) at 1950 rpm 400 PS (294 kW) at 1700 rpm
Top speed	228 km / h	215 km / h
Landing speed	84 km / h	90-96 km / h
Rate of climb	9.5 m / s	6.9 m / s
Rise time	1.45 min at 1000 m altitude 3.75 min at 2000 m altitude 6.15 min at 3000 m altitude 9.1 min at 4000 m altitude 12.7 min at 5000 m altitude	2.24 min at 1000 m altitude 5.1 min at 2000 m altitude 8.4 min at 3000 m altitude 12.33 min at 4000 m altitude 17.23 min at 5000 m altitude
Service ceiling	7700 m	6400 m
Range		838 km
Armament	two fixed 8 mm MG, one articulated 8 mm MG

literature

• Volker Koos: Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke 1922–1932. Heel, Königswinter 2006, ISBN 3-89880-502-6 , p. 51/52.
• Volker Koos: Aviation between the Baltic Sea and Breitling. Warnemünde sea and land airfield 1914–1945. Transpress, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-344-00480-8 , pp. 101 and 127.
• Helmut Stützer: The German military aircraft 1919–1934. E. S. Mittler & Sohn, Herford 1984, ISBN 3-8132-0184-8 , p. 197.