Kirby (character) and Jennifer Brunner: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox Officeholder
{{General CVG character
|honorific-prefix =
|width= 220px
|name = Jennifer L. Brunner
|name= Kirby
|honorific-suffix =
|image= [[Image:Kirbysqsq.png]]
|image = Jennifer Brunner 2006-03-22.png
|caption=Kirby as he appears in ''[[Kirby: Squeak Squad]]''
|imagesize =
|series= ''[[Kirby (series)|Kirby series]]''
|smallimage =
|firstgame= ''[[Kirby's Dream Land]]'' (1992, TV series)
|caption =
|creator= [[Masahiro Sakurai]]
|order =
|artist= Masahiro Sakurai
|office = [[Ohio Secretary of State]]
|voiceactor= [[Makiko Ōmoto]] (1992-present)
|term_start = [[January 8]], [[2007]]
|japanactor=
|term_end = present
|motionactor=
|vicepresident =
|inuniverse=
|viceprimeminister =
|deputy =
|lieutenant =
|monarch =
|president =
|primeminister =
|taoiseach =
|chancellor =
|governor = [[Ted Strickland]]
|governor-general =
|governor_general =
|succeeding = <!--For President-elect or equivalent-->
|predecessor = [[J. Kenneth Blackwell]]
|successor = incumbent
|constituency =
|majority =
|birth_date = [[February 5]], [[1957]]
|birth_place =
|death_date =
|death_place =
|restingplace =
|restingplacecoordinates =
|birthname =
|nationality = {{USA}}
|party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]
|otherparty = <!--For additional political affiliations-->
|spouse = Rick Brunner
|partner = <!--For those with a domestic partner and not married-->
|relations =
|children = three
|residence = {{city-state|Columbus|Ohio}}
|alma_mater = [[Miami University]], [[B.A.]] [[cum laude]]<br> [[Capital University Law School]], [[J.D.]] with honors
|occupation =
|profession = Politician
|net worth =
|cabinet =
|committees =
|portfolio =
|religion =
|signature =
|website =
|footnotes =
|blank1 =
|data1 =
|blank2 =
|data2 =
|blank3 =
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}}
}}
'''Jennifer Lee Brunner''' (born [[February 5]], [[1957]]) is an [[United States|American]] politician of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] who currently serves as the [[Ohio Secretary of State]]. Brunner is the first woman to serve in this capacity.<ref name=B>{{cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.oh.us/SOS/secBrunner/Biography.aspx|title=Biography|accessdate=2008-10-10|publisher=Ohio.gov|work=www.sos.state.oh.us}}</ref> She assumed control of the office after sixteen years of Republican control, which included eight years by her predecessor [[J. Kenneth Blackwell]] who oversaw the controversial [[2000 United States election|2000]] and [[2004 United States election]]s.<ref name=OEOFCMF/>


== Career ==
{{nihongo|'''Kirby'''|カービー|Kābī}} is the main character of [[Nintendo]]'s [[Kirby (series)|''Kirby'' video game series]] created by [[Masahiro Sakurai]] and developed by [[HAL Laboratory]]. The ''Kirby'' series is one of Nintendo's many well-known game franchises, spanning nearly twenty games since 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://kirby.classicgaming.gamespy.com/info/kirby101/gameography.html|title = 'Gameography' of the Kirby series|accessdate = 2008-09-02|publisher = ''Kirby's Rainbow Resort''}}</ref> His first appearance took place in the 1992 video game ''[[Kirby's Dream Land]]'', where he was portrayed by a two-dimensional [[Sprite (computer graphics)|sprite]]; Since [[Kirby 64: The Crystal Shards]] for the [[Nintendo 64]], he has made several appearances in 3-D as well. He has been featured in other video games from Nintendo, on Nintendo's merchandising, on comic books, and even on a [[Kirby: Right Back at Ya!|television show]] about the series. Kirby also appears in the ''[[Super Smash Bros. (series)|Super Smash Bros. series]]''.
Brunner previously worked in the Ohio Secretary of State’s Office as a deputy director and legislative counsel to the [[Ohio General Assembly]] during the administration of [[Sherrod Brown]]. She then began a statewide law practice focusing on [[election law]]. In 2000, Brunner was elected to an unexpired term on the [[Franklin County, Ohio|Franklin County]] Common Pleas Court and reelected in 2002. She resigned from the Court on [[September 1]], [[2005]], to run for Secretary of State. On [[November 7]], [[2006]], she defeated [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Greg Hartmann]] in the [[United States general elections, 2006|2006 general election]] and took office on [[January 8]], [[2007]].


Ohio is notorious for its 2000 and 2004 Election Day problems. The state had hours-long lines at polling places in its major cities in 2004 and a fraud scandal in Cuyahoga County, which includes Cleveland, that led to the convictions of two elections workers on rigging recounts and Ms. Brunner’s takeover of the county board of elections. In September 2007, Brunner announced extensive efforts to identify and correct serious problems with the security and reliability of voting machines in time for the March 4, 2008 Ohio [[Ohio Democratic primary, 2008|Democratic]] and [[Ohio Republican primary, 2008|Republican primaries]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/27/us/politics/27vote.html?|title=Ohio to Test Vote Systems Before March|accessdate=2008-10-10|date=2007-09-27|publisher=[[The New York Times Company]]|work=[[The New York Times]]|author=Driehaus, Bob}}</ref> In a [[US$]]1.9 million federally financed study released December 14, 2007, Brunner reported the results of tests of all five voting systems used in Ohio. All systems had major flaws. She has advocated the replacement of all Ohio voting machines, including the [[touch-screen]] ones used in more than 50 of [[List of counties in Ohio|Ohio's 88 counties]].<ref name=OEOFCMF>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/15/us/15ohio.html?|title=Ohio Elections Official Calls Machines Flawed|accessdate=2008-10-10|date=2007-12-15|publisher=[[The New York Times Company]]|work=[[The New York Times]]|author=Driehaus, Bob}}</ref> Brunner supports a move to paper ballots,<ref name=B/> which would use [[optical scanning]].<ref name=OEOFCMF/> As a result of the study, during the March 2008 primaries, paper ballots were suppose to be available at all polling places for voters who preferred them.<ref name=BSPOEAUHPT/>
Kirby is described in his games as a young male pink ball, who is a denizen of Dream Land (プププランド ''Pupupuland'') on the planet Pop Star. <ref>[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]] in-game trophy description.</ref> In the main game, he almost always has the same abilities; he can walk, run, jump, float, and inhale, spit out or devour his enemies. Most of Kirby's games adhere to the same basic idea; that this is a series for beginners and children. As such, his games can be beaten by a player of nearly any age, but offer deeper challenges for more experienced gamers.


===Secretary of State accomplishments===
Kirby often journeys across the planet Pop Star, defeating antagonistic forces such as the greedy [[King Dedede]] or the ominous [[Dark Matter (Kirby series)|Dark Matter]]. On other occasions, he encounters the enigmatic [[Meta Knight]]. To defeat his foes, he uses his signature ability of inhaling large objects and spitting them out with great force. From ''[[Kirby's Adventure]]'' onward, Kirby was able to gain the abilities of the enemies he swallowed, aptly known as Copy Abilities. In several games in the series, he obtains a mystical weapon during the climax of the battle against his enemy; this weapon is usually required to defeat the final boss.
In January, Brunner proposed a plan that would allow counties to recruit poll workers by mail, who would then undertake two paid training days, and work a paid eight-hour shift at the polls on election day.<ref name=AP-polls>{{cite news |title=Ohio considers poll worker draft |url=http://www.wstm.com/Global/story.asp?S=5999483 |publisher=[[Associated Press]] and [[WSTM-TV]] |date=[[2007-01-28]] |accessdate=2007-03-21 }}</ref> Brunner explained the plan in an interview: <blockquote>"In terms of Ohio and what happened in the 2004 presidential election, there has been a crisis in confidence in our election system in Ohio, both nationally and in our state. One of the quickest ways to repair that is to make sure that we have adequate numbers of poll workers. ... We suggested this as one tool that the boards of elections would have available to them for recruiting poll workers. We would be looking to do this similar to how we recruit jurors, only jurors are recruited for two weeks of service whereas we'd only be asking for three days. It would also allow us to offer split shifts to poll workers. In Ohio the polling places are open for thirteen hours, so essentially a poll worker works at least fourteen hours; with the average age of our poll workers at 72, that's a tough day for anyone, no matter what their age is. ... It's an option, and we can even include a trigger, so that a county has to be deficient by a certain percentage of poll workers to even be able to use this."<ref name=ATC>{{cite news |first=Melissa |last=Block |authorlink=Melissa Block |title=Ohio Considers a Draft System for Poll Workers |url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=7085614 |format=audio interview |work=[[All Things Considered]] |publisher=[[National Public Radio]] |date=[[2007-01-30]] |accessdate=2007-03-21 }}</ref></blockquote> In the initial proposal it was not yet decided what wages would be paid, and whether refusing recruitment would result in penalties. The proposal will be decided by the Ohio General Assembly.<ref name=AP-polls/>
==Concept and creation==


Brunner has established the Voting Right Institute (VRI) to improve voter access to elections in Ohio. The VRI has instituted a “Grads Vote” program which supplies voter registration forms to all graduating high school [[senior]]. The VRI has also partnered with the [[U.S. Postal Service]] to include voter registration forms in government moving packets and with the Overseas Vote Foundation to improve online absentee ballot applications for overseas and military voters.<ref name=B/>
[[Image:Popopo.jpg|thumb|right||An early magazine scan of 'Popopo'.]]
Kirby was originally named Popopo, and his model was created as a blob placeholder [[Sprite (computer graphics)|sprite]] during the development of what would be the first ''Kirby'' game, originally titled 'Twinkle Popopo' instead of the current ''Hoshi no Kābī'' (translated as 'Kirby of the Stars').<ref name="interview">{{Cite web|url = http://www.nintendo.co.jp/nom/0003/miryoku/page03.html|title = Interview with Masahiro Sakurai|accessdate = 2008-09-02|publisher = ''Nintendo Online Magazine''|language = Japanese}}</ref> After a while, creator [[Masahiro Sakurai]] started to prefer Kirby's placeholder design over the original conception. He later stated that he envisioned Kirby as a 'game for beginners'.


{{Quote box
As Kirby's first appearance was on the monochrome screen of the [[Nintendo Game Boy]], his "true" color could not be represented in-game. Sakurai intended Kirby to be pink. However, [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] had envisioned him as yellow.<ref name="interview"/> Because of this ambiguity, [[Nintendo|Nintendo of America]] was left with some confusion when the game was ported to the West. The American box art, cartridge label, instruction booklet, and even the television commercial for ''Kirby's Dream Land'' features Kirby entirely white in color. The Japanese box art, however, depicts Kirby as pink.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.nintendo.co.jp/n02/dmg/kyj/index.html|title = Nintendo of Japan's ''Kirby's Dream Land'' mini-page|accessdate = 2008-09-02|publisher = Nintendo of Japan|language = Japanese}}</ref>
| quote = "Compared to the [[2004 United States election|last presidential election]] [in 2004], this state has gone from intensive care to walking on crutches. By November [2008], we’ll be walking normally like everyone else."
| source = —[[Jennifer Brunner]]<ref name=TTaNMBiO/> (March 2008)
| width = 25%
| align = left
}}
She has also moved to shield social security information and other private information from public view for millions of online records and coordinated with the Ohio General Assembly to preventing the filing of private information.<ref name=B/>


Brunner worked with Ohio's 88 county boards of elections and thousands of poll workers to ensure record voter turnout in the March Presidential primaries.<ref name=B/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1719573,00.html|title=Clinton Camp Confident of Comeback|accessdate=2008-10-10|date=2008-03-04|publisher=[[Time Inc.]]|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|author=Maag, Christopher}}</ref> Despite the record turnout, the primary was marred by paper ballot shortages, bomb threats, ice storms and power failures.<ref name=TTaNMBiO>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/06/us/politics/06vote.html?|title=Turnout, Technology and Nature Marred Balloting in Ohio|accessdate=2008-10-10|date=2008-03-06|publisher=[[The New York Times Company]]|work=[[The New York Times]]|author=Urbina, Ian and Randy Kennedy}}</ref> 21 precints in the [[Cleveland metropolitan area]] were held open for an extra 90 minutes due to paper ballot shortages.<ref name=BSPOEAUHPT>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/05/us/politics/05vote.html?|title=Ballot Shortages Plague Ohio Election Amid Unusually Heavy Primary Turnout|accessdate=2008-10-10|date=2008-03-05|publisher=[[The New York Times Company]]|work=[[The New York Times]]|author=Urbina, Ian}}</ref> Brunner claimed that in [[Clermont County, Ohio|Clermont]] and [[Summit County, Ohio|Summit Counties]] ballots ran out because of the number of Republicans who voted in the Democratic primary and that only Democratic ballots ran out.<ref name=BSPOEAUHPT/>
There is a good deal of debate on the origins of Kirby's name. One widespread view is that Kirby adopted his Western name from the [[Kirby Corporation]], a vacuum cleaner manufacturer, which would best describe Kirby's abilities. The other possible explanation is that Kirby was named in honor of Nintendo's legal counsel, [[John Kirby (attorney)|John Kirby]] of [[Latham & Watkins LLP]], who represented them in the courtroom during [[Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co., Ltd.|a copyright infringement lawsuit]] over [[Donkey Kong (character)|Donkey Kong]] filed by [[Universal Studios]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://kirby.classicgaming.gamespy.com/info/kirby101/index2.htm|title = Kirby 101|accessdate = 2008-09-02|publisher = Kirby's Rainbow Resort}}</ref> However, Masahiro Sakurai has been quoted as saying he does not remember how Kirby got his name.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.n-sider.com/contentview.php?contentid=325&page=5|title = Conceiving Sickeningly Cute Puffballs|accessdate = 2007-07-24|publisher = N-Sider}}</ref>


===Actor POTATOES! portrayal===
===2008 general election===
====Same day voter registration====
Kirby is voiced by female [[seiyū]] [[Makiko Ōmoto]] in the ''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' series, ''[[Kirby 64: The Crystal Shards]]'', and in the [[anime]] ''[[Kirby: Right Back at Ya!]]''. She considered the time doing Kirby's voice and working with others on the show and games to be great experience.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www5f.biglobe.ne.jp/~tinowa/|title = Makiko Ōmoto's personal website|accessdate =2008-09-02|publisher = Makiko Ōmoto|language = Japanese}}</ref> However, in a 1994 educational video starring Kirby and [[Mario]], Kirby was voiced by [[Mayumi Tanaka]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://kikaim.s8.xrea.com/video/mkmv.htm|title = Mario and Kirby Masterpiece Video|accessdate = 2008-09-02|language = Japanese}}</ref>
On August 13, 2008, Brunner ordered county election board officials to establish procedures to enable voters who [[voter registration|register]] to be immediately issued an [[absentee ballot]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elections.foxnews.com/2008/08/14/new-ohio-voter-registration-rules-irk-gop/|title=New Ohio Voter Registration Rules Irk GOP|accessdate=2008-10-10|date=2008-08-14|publisher=FOX News Network, LLC.|work=FoxNews.com}}</ref> The [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] opposed the same day voting plan and fought it in several Ohio Courts.<ref name=UacOsrviO/> Ohio Republican officials and Republican voters argued in separate [[lawsuit]]s that Ohio law requires voters to be registered for 30 days before they cast an absentee ballot.<ref name=SfcueviO/> On September 29, 2008 (a day after lower state and federal courts overruled GOP objections to same-day registration and voting or GOP requests for mandated ballot segregation and verification) the Sixth [[U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals]] in {{city-state|Cincinnati|Ohio}} rejected Republican efforts to stop the plan.<ref name=UacOsrviO>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.usatoday.com/ondeadline/2008/09/us-appeals-cour.html|title=U.S. appeals court OK same-day registration, voting in Ohio|accessdate=2008-10-10|date=2008-09-30|publisher=[[USA Today]]|work=USAToday.com|author=Winter, Michael}}</ref> [[United States district court]] judge James Gwin in {{city-state|Cleveland|Ohio}} also ruled against the Republicans and issued a [[restraining order]] to enforce Brunners plan. In {{city-state|Columbus|Ohio}}, U.S. District Judge George Smith declined to rule on another statewide challenge, deferring to the state Supreme Court's decision. The rulings, which opened a window to register and vote on the same day until the absentee ballot deadline on October 6, 2008, was upheld by the [[Ohio Supreme Court]] in a 4-3 decision in which two Republican [[jurist]]s [[recusal|recused]] themselves and were replaced by a one Republican and one Democrat by [[Chief Justice]] [[Thomas Moyer]]. The normal roster of Ohio Supreme Court jurists is all Republican and the lone Democrat replacement cast the tie-breaking vote.<ref name=SfcueviO>{{cite web|url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080929/ap_on_el_pr/ohio_early_voting|title=State, federal courts uphold early voting in Ohio|accessdate=2008-10-10|date=2008-09-29|publisher=[[Yahoo! Inc.]]|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|author=Majors, Stephen}}</ref><ref name=CAEVWiO/> Brunner ordered segregation of same-day-registration ballots and verification of them before counting them on [[Election Day (United States)|Election Day]], November 4, 2008.<ref name=UacOsrviO/> In related proceedings on September 30, 2008, Judge Smith of The U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio, in Columbus had granted an Ohio Republican Party request for a restraining order that would mandate election observers during early voting.<ref name=OGGLoSRaV/><ref name=CAEVWiO>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/30/us/politics/30ohio.html|title=Courts Allow Early Voting Week in Ohio|accessdate=2008-10-10|date=2008-09-29|publisher=[[The New York Times Company]]|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Brunner prevailed in the appellate court which ruled that the district court “abused its discretion” in granting the restraining order.<ref name=OGGLoSRaV>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2008/10/01/ohio-gets-green-light-on-same-day-registration-and-voting/|title=Ohio Gets Green Light on Same-Day Registration and Voting|accessdate=2008-10-10|date=2008-10-01|publisher=[[Dow Jones & Company, Inc.]]|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|author=Merrick, Amy}}</ref>
====Other issues====
One month before the [[2008 United States election]], 5% of Ohio mortgages were either severly delinquent or in [[foreclosure]]. There were 67,000 foreclosure actions in the first half of 2008. Republicans are expected to attempt to use foreclosure lists to block voters. Brunner has warned all election boards that involvement in a foreclosure is not, by itself, sufficient basis for challenging enfranchisement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/05/opinion/05sun2.html?|title=Foreclosures and the Right to Vote|accessdate=2008-10-10|date=2008-10-04|publisher=[[The New York Times Company]]|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>


Ohio (along with [[Colorado]], [[Indiana]], [[Michigan]], [[Nevada]] and [[North Carolina]]) is one of six states expected to be heavily affected by compliance with the 2002 [[Help America Vote Act]]. Due to the disproportionate voter registration by Democrats it is anticipated that much of the confusion at the polling places will be for challenges to newly-registered Democrats who have been delisted from the ranks of registered voters. It appears that Ohio is improperly using social security information to verify new voter registration.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/09/us/politics/09voting.html?|title=States’ Actions to Block Voters Appear Illegal|accessdate=2008-10-10|date=2008-10-08|publisher=[[The New York Times Company]]|work=[[The New York Times]]|author=Urbina, Ian}}</ref>
==Characteristics==
[[Image:earlykirby.jpg|199px|thumb|left|Kirby as he appears in the artwork for ''Kirby's Dream Land''. His design has changed in various ways since then. (i.e., Larger eyes and mouth, as well as cheeks)]]


==Personal==
Kirby is a small, pink, spherical creature with large red feet (or shoes), stubby arms and trademark pink cheek-blushes. His body is soft and flexible, allowing him to be flattened. He is said to be 20 centimeters (8 inches) tall,<ref name=profilejp>{{Cite web|url = http://www.nintendo.co.jp/nom/0003/miryoku/index.html|title = Kirby's profile|accessdate = 2008-09-02|publisher = Nintendo of Japan|language = Japanese}}</ref><ref>''[[Super Smash Brothers]]'' - Kirby's in-game biography</ref> and his weight is unknown, although several parts of the anime and the ''Super Smash Bros.'' series suggest that he is light enough to be carried. He hails from the planet Pop Star, where he lives in a dome-shaped house in Dream Land. His appearance has changed subtly over the years, becoming more rounded and defined, mainly in his face and larger eyes. The new design has been used in all subsequent games.
Brunner earned a [[B.A.]] in [[sociology]]-[[gerontology]], [[cum laude]], from [[Miami University]] and a [[J.D.]] from [[Capital University Law School]] with honors. Brunner is a resident of [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]], [[Ohio]]. She and her husband, Rick, have been married 28 years and have three adult children.<ref name=B/>


In March 2008, Brunner was given the Profile in Courage Award by the [[John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum]].
===Personality===
{{Inappropriate tone|section|date=June 2008}}
Kirby has a positive attitude, and helps to save Dream Land through the use of his unique powers. His age is never stated, although in the manual for ''[[Kirby's Dream Land]]'' he called a "little boy", and in the television show he is called a 'baby' where he more or less acts like a child.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://kirby.classicgaming.gamespy.com/games/dreamland/instruction.html|title = Kirby's Dream Land Instruction Manual|accessdate = 2008-09-02|publisher = ''Kirby's Rainbow Resort''}}</ref> This, along with his high-pitched voice, suggests that Kirby is young. Kirby is referred to as male in the animated series.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.kirbykirbykirby.com|title = ''Official Kirby: Right Back at Ya! Site''|accessdate = 2006-10-25|publisher = Nintendo of America}}</ref>


== Notes ==
Kirby is cheerful and innocent. He loves to eat and sleep, especially during the day. His favorite food is tomatoes, hence the Maxim Tomatoes in the games which fully restore his health (although in the anime, his favorite food appears to be watermelon). He is said to dislike [[caterpillar]]s. His other hobbies include singing, although he is [[tone deafness|tone-deaf]].<ref name=profilejp /> He sometimes acts in an impulsive nature, such as when he accuses Dedede of interfering with the Fountain of Dreams in ''[[Kirby's Adventure]]'', and then leaves to retrieve the pieces of the shattered Star Rod without even letting Dedede explain himself.<ref name = "adventure">{{Cite web|url = http://kirby.classicgaming.gamespy.com/games/adventure/instruction.html|title = ''Kirby's Adventure'' instruction manual|accessdate = 2008-09-02}}</ref>
{{reflist|2}}


== External links ==
The same personality and nature is presented in the [[Super Smash Bros. (series)|Super Smash Bros. titles]]. In ''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]'', his trophy profile states that he is an "extremely skilled technician". Kirby, Meta Knight and King Dedede play a large role in the Subspace Emissary mode as well.
*[http://www.jenniferbrunner.com/biography_full.shtml Campaign biography of Brunner]

Although (or perhaps because) he appears cute and innocent, many commercials and ads have showcased this as a contrast to his extreme fighting skills when he takes on the weaponry of an enemy.

Kirby is a character of few words and rarely speaks in-game. His dialogue is largely limited to appearances in some games' instruction manuals, and brief comments such as 'Hi' in games including ''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' and ''[[Kirby 64: The Crystal Shards]]''. The only exception is in [[Kirby's Avalanche]], where he is depicted as rude and smart-alecky. This game, however, is an American-made spin-off of the ''[[Puyo Puyo]]'' games (similar to the Sonic title ''[[Dr. Robotnik's Mean Bean Machine]]'') and was never released in Japan. Despite his lack of dialogue, Kirby narrates the functions of certain Copy Abilities on the pause menu in ''[[Kirby: Nightmare in Dream Land]]'', ''[[Kirby & the Amazing Mirror]]'', and ''[[Kirby: Squeak Squad]]''. In ''[[Kirby no Kirakira Kizzu]]'', Kirby gives short descriptions of various menu options when they are highlighted. Most of the in game talking Kirby does is in ''[[Kirby's Star Stacker]]'', where Kirby explains the game's rules, along with brief gameplay descriptions (if it isn't done by Dedede). The concept of Kirby being mostly mute is supported by Masahiro Sakurai's insistence that Kirby not speak in the anime series. Though occasionally in the anime he does say the names of his special attacks, certain foods and sometimes does repeat other words that he hears such as yuki (snow) or suika (watermelon). In the ''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' series, When Kirby copies a foe's abilitiy, Kirby says the name of some attacks, such as Captain Falcon's "Falcon Punch" (See: [[Kirby: Right Back at Ya!#Development|Kirby Anime Development]])

===Abilities===
[[Image:InhalingKirby.jpg|thumb|right|226px|Kirby has to swallow his enemies before he can acquire their abilities.]]
Kirby's main attack is inhaling enemies (both his mouth and body expand to allow him to inhale things much larger than himself) and swallowing them. He can also attack others by spitting enemies out as stars. Certain enemies, when swallowed, grant Kirby new powers called Copy Abilities.

In most early games, an ability does not change Kirby's appearance drastically, aside from his colour changing to orange or cyan in ''[[Kirby's Adventure]]'', or wielding a weapon for abilities like Sword or Hammer. However, beginning with ''[[Kirby Super Star]]'', Kirby gains a unique hat for each ability, such as a burning headdress for Fire, a frozen crown for Ice, or a backwards baseball cap for Yoyo and Wheel. While this would be overlooked in later games not designed by Masahiro Sakurai, such as ''[[Kirby's Dream Land 3]]'' and ''[[Kirby 64: The Crystal Shards]]'', the hats have become a staple of the series.

In ''[[Kirby Super Star]]'', Kirby could sacrifice an ability to create a 'Helper', an allied version of the enemy he had devoured. The new Helper would be controlled by the game or a second player. This feature has not yet been included in later Kirby games, although it was included in Kirby Super Star's remake, Kirby Super Star Ultra.

Kirby also uses his powers to attain food or other special items like lollipops that grant him beneficial effects such as healing or temporary invincibility. ''Kirby Super Star'' and recent games contain a feature where Kirby can share his food with the second player in a motion that resembles kissing. It became a popular topic to parody in the Japanese manga series.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://kirby.classicgaming.gamespy.com/multimedia/manga/|title = Official Kirby manga|accessdate = 2008-09-02|publisher = ''Kirby's Rainbow Resort''}}</ref>

Kirby can suck in air and make himself more buoyant, flying slowly by flapping his arms. He can attack enemies by quickly exhaling a puff of air. This technique is known as the air gun. Whilst in most games he can float indefinitely, this ability is limited in ''[[Kirby 64: The Crystal Shards]]'' and [[Super Smash Bros. (series)]]. Other games have developed his powers even further, such as allowing him to block attacks in ''Kirby Super Star''. As a whole, however, his basic moves have remained the same, although more Copy Abilities are added in each new game. In a [[Kirby (tentative title)|future game]] announced for the [[Wii]], Kirby is again given the ability to release his absorbed enemy as an ally. In ''[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]]'', Kirby displays an ability called "Cook Kirby", that was taken from ''[[Kirby Super Star]]'', as his Final Smash Attack. For this power, Kirby acquires a chef's hat, cooking utensils, and a boiling pot. All objects, including Assist Trophies, [[Pokémon]], and Players within a limited range are sucked into the pot. Various items rain from above into the pot, and players fly out.

===Species===
Kirby's species has been a common topic of debate in his fandom. Unlike many other video game mascots, such as [[Link (The Legend of Zelda)|Link]] being [[Hylian]], Kirby's kind has never been given an official name. However, while Kirby is the one most often emphasized, he is not the only member of his kind. This is evidenced by similar looking characters seen in the ending of ''[[Kirby's Dream Land]]'' and the remake ''Spring Breeze'' in ''[[Kirby Super Star]]'' and potentially [[Meta Knight]], who looks nearly identical to Kirby aside from color and facial differences. In ''[[Kirby: Nightmare in Dream Land]]'' and ''[[Kirby & the Amazing Mirror]]'', different colored Kirbies appear as other players in multi-player games. In the case of the latter, they are the result of Kirby being divided into four by Dark Meta Knight.<ref name = "katam">{{Cite web|url = http://www.nintendo.co.jp/n08/bk8j/story/index.html|title = Kirby & the Amazing Mirror Story|accessdate = 2006-11-21|publisher = Nintendo of Japan|language = Japanese}}</ref>

In general, members of the species all look similar, but sometimes have different colored skin, eyes, and shoes. They are commonly referred to as ''Kirbys'', just as '[[Yoshi]]' in the [[Mario]] series is the name of both the species and character. As a name, however, 'Kirby' refers to only one character. Terms like ''creampuffs'' or ''puffballs'' are also used to describe the species, referring to their soft, round appearance. In the English manual of ''Kirby & the Amazing Mirror'', the term ''Kirbys'' is used at points, to illustrate the feature of having four differently colored versions of Kirby active in the game simultaneously.
Another common term is ''Dream Landers'', a term used in the instruction manual for ''[[Kirby's Adventure]]''.<ref name="adventure"/> This term, however, also refers to anyone who lives in Dream Land, including characters like [[King Dedede]]. The ''[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]]'' bio says Kirby is a [[citizen]] of Dream Land.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.smashbros.com/en_us/characters/kirby.html|title = Smash Bros. DOJO!! - Kirby's Profile|publisher = Nintendo of Japan|language = English}}</ref>

Kirby's race is not called ''Star Warrior'', ''Warpstar Knight'' or any variation thereof. ''Star Warrior'' is a term used in the anime series to describe a group of legendary warriors from many races.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://kirby.classicgaming.gamespy.com/info/anime/story/sw_gsa.html|title = Star Warrior Article|accessdate = 2006-11-11|publisher = ''Kirby's Rainbow Resort''}}</ref> The terms ''Warpstar Knight'' and ''Warpstar Warrior'' have only ever been used in advertisements, and have never appeared in any game or the anime.

In ''[[Kirby's Dream Land 3]]'', mysterious characters appear called ''Batamon''. They resemble Kirby aside from a more flattened shape and different face, and are unique in that the player can never directly come in contact with them. They are always seen walking past walls or ceilings beyond Kirby's reach, with the exception of a single stage in Cloudy Park, where Kirby can continue past the exit and come into contact with one.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://kirby.classicgaming.gamespy.com/games/dreamland3/enemy.html|title = Kirby's Dreamland 3 Enemies|accessdate = 2006-11-11|publisher = ''Kirby's Rainbow Resort''}}</ref>

==Appearances==
===Main series===
{{main|Kirby (series)}}
Kirby set off on his first adventure in ''[[Kirby's Dream Land]]'' when the self-made ruler of Dream Land, [[King Dedede]] stole everyone's food and the power stars they needed to get more food. Since then, more dangerous enemies have threatened Kirby's home. His journeys have become more daunting as creatures like [[Dark Matter (Kirby)|Dark Matter]] possess and control his friends against their will. Kirby maintains a brave and cheerful persona despite it all, gaining new powers and allies to aid him.

===''Super Smash Bros.'' series===
In the ''[[Super Smash Bros. (series)|Super Smash Bros.]]'' series, Kirby is one of the longest running characters, as he has appeared in all games in the series so far. Kirby's creator [[Masahiro Sakurai]] is also the director of the ''Super Smash Bros.'' series. Kirby retains his most notable abilities: the ability to float (in the form of a five-use multi-jump) and the ability to inhale and swallow enemies, which allows him to copy other players' normal B-button special moves to use, during this time where he can use other character's normal B attacks, he changes appearance to reflect the character he is copying (Example: He wears Mario's hat when copying him). Unlike other ''Kirby'' games, he is able to use a few abilities without the need to first copy them, such as Cutter, Stone, and to some extent, Fighter and Suplex/Backdrop. Kirby is one of the smallest and lightest characters, although he has more power than many other light fighters. In ''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]'', Kirby was given the Hammer ability, the Fire ability for his dash attack, and his weight and attack power were decreased.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://cube.ign.com/articles/096/096047p1.html|title = ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'' Kirby bio|accessdate = 2006-05-28|publisher = ''[[IGN]]''}}</ref> In ''[[Kirby & the Amazing Mirror]]'', Kirby can use his moves from ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'' by defeating and swallowing a scaled-down version of Master Hand, the final boss from the ''Super Smash Bros.'' games.

In ''[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]]'', Kirby makes a return appearance alongside his rivals [[King Dedede]] and [[Meta Knight]], who are introduced as playable characters in ''Brawl''. Other abilities include Sword Kirby, Hammer Kirby, Yo-yo Kirby (for his running headspin attack), and Stone/Spike Kirby<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.smashbros.com/en_us/characters/kirby.html|title = Kirby's ''[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]]'' profile|accessdate = 2007-08-05|publisher = [[Masahiro Sakurai]]}}</ref> Kirby plays a significant part in the plot of ''Brawl's'' sidescrolling adventure mode, the "Subspace Emissary," in which he is the first available playable character, alongside Mario.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.smashbros.com/en_us/gamemode/modea/modea03.html|title = Subspace Emissary intro video|accessdate = 2008-03-13|publisher = [[Masahiro Sakurai]]}}</ref> Kirby's (as well as Ness's and Lucas's) significant roles in the storyline could possibly be attributed to the fact that their creator is the creator of the Super Smash Bros. series.

===Other media===
====Anime====
{{main|Kirby: Right Back at Ya!}}

Kirby stars in an [[anime]] titled ''[[Kirby: Right Back at Ya!]]'' (''Hoshi no Kābī'' in Japanese, named after the title of the game series). It is currently licensed in [[North America]] by [[4Kids Entertainment]] and the [[Canadian]] company [[Nelvana]], and was produced by Nintendo and HAL Laboratory. It aired on [[4Kids Entertainment|4Kids TV]], via [[Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting]] (since 2001 which has done 100 episodes). Kirby was also in a short, still-animated educational video that was only released in Japan, designed to teach [[kanji]] to young children. In it, he helps a lost puppy find its mother.

Kirby's image in the animated series is similar to his in-game image. He has the same light-hearted persona and huge appetite; the two main differences are his age and origins, and his preference for [[watermelon]] over tomatoes.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://kirby.classicgaming.gamespy.com/info/anime/characters/index.html|title = Kirby Bio|accessdate = 2006-10-25|publisher = ''Kirby's Rainbow Resort''}}</ref> His feet are a deeper shade of red than in the games, although most anime-related merchandise does not reflect this change. Though Sakurai said Kirby was not to speak, he allowed him to use a small vocabulary. He will often shout his ability and attack names, or say a few favorite words like 'suika' (Japanese for watermelon). While Kirby is fully capable of speaking, he is simply too young to know much. In addition, nearly all of his lines are removed in the 4Kids dub except for his trademark 'poyo poyo.' Some fans believe he's saying the Spanish word for chicken, pollo (pronounced poyo), but the spelling difference would indicate it's just baby gibberish. However, 'poyopoyo' is the [[Japanese sound symbolism|Japanese sound symbol]] for a young child walking around uneasily (the Western equivalent is "toddling"), which may be a reference to Kirby's immaturity and young age.
He is described as kind-hearted, sometimes to the point that it is considered a weakness. He often shows a strong, almost maternal caring side for younger and weaker people. He is also fearless, though other characters comment that it is only because he is cheerfully oblivious.

Only in the anime series is Kirby's background given any significance. On the show, he is a legendary Star Warrior who according to legend is fated to save Pop Star from destruction. No such legends are ever referred to in the games. It is also implied early in the series that he was a creation of an ancient evil entity called [[Nightmare (Kirby series)|Nightmare]], though some fans think this could be [[Meta Knight]]. It is also said that Kirby was meant to sleep for 200 years, but was awoken too early by mistake, which is why he has baby-like qualities.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://kirby.classicgaming.gamespy.com/info/anime/episode/synopsis/ep4.html|title = Kirby episode 4 synopsis|accessdate = 2006-12-07|publisher = ''Kirby's Rainbow Resort''}}</ref> Because of his age, he depends even more on the help of his friends to pull through tough situations.

Unlike the games, the anime contains darker themes such as war, blood, violence and death,(although not in the english version), though it still maintains most of the cheerful and surreal themes from the games. Kirby's creator, Masahiro Sakurai, was greatly involved in its creation, so it did not stray far from his vision of how Kirby should be.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.famitsu.com/game/news/2001/08/21/103%2C998390482%2C934%2C0%2C0.html|title = Kirby article|accessdate = 2006-12-07|publisher = ''[[Famitsu|Famitsu Magazine]]''|language = Japanese}}</ref>

====Manga and comics====
[[Image:Kirbymanga.jpg|right|frame|An issue of the Kirby [[manga]] - ''Kirby of the Stars'' Volume 21.]]
Kirby also stars in several [[manga]] series, none of which have been released in a language other than Japanese. The longest running series is titled ''Kirby of the Stars: The Story of Dedede Who Lives In Pupupu'', and was written by [[Hirokazu Hikawa]] (ひかわ 博一 ''Hikawa Hirokazu'').<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.nippon-export.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=10301|title = Kirby - Manga : Vol. 21|work = Nippon Export|date = [[2004-12-01]]|accessdate = 2006-09-21}}</ref> Other Kirby manga are typically one-shot comedy [[4koma]] based on the games, and have multiple artists. They usually have recurring themes and [[running gag]]s, despite having different creators.

A few German comics feature Kirby as a detective and King Dedede as his friend. Kirby is also friends with a blue fish, an informant who works at the Blue Fish Bar with fellow blue fish. His animal friends appear in the German comics as pets of a female Kirby look-alike with red glass slippers, ostensibly one of Kirby's girlfriends. In one comic, he meets Lololo, Lalala, and Lola,the stars of the ''[[Adventures of Lolo]]'' series. These comics were meant to let German Kirby fans know of Kirby games that would be released there.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}


{{start box}}
==External links==
{{succession box |before=[[Ken Blackwell]] |title=[[Ohio Secretary of State|Ohio&nbsp;Secretary&nbsp;of&nbsp;State]] |years=2007- |after=Incumbent }}
*[http://www.kirbykirbykirby.com/ Kirby's Official U.S. homepage]
{{end box}}
*[http://hicbc.com/tv/kirby/ Kirby's Official Japanese homepage]
*[http://kirby.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page Kirby Wikia]
*[http://kirby.classicgaming.gamespy.com/ Kirby's Rainbow Resort]
*[http://www.kirbypedia.com/ The Kirbypedia]
*[http://www.tvtome.com/tvtome/servlet/ShowMainServlet/showid-11948/Kirby_Right_Back_at_Ya/ TV Tome—''Kirby: Right Back at Ya!'']
*[http://www.thechaogarden.com/popopopalace/home.html Kirby Dream]
*[http://www.brawlsnapshots.com/snapshots/tag?order=score&tag=kirby Snapshots of Kirby from Super Smash Bros. Brawl]


{{U.S. State Secretaries of State}}
{{Kirby series}}
{{OHStatewideOfficials}}


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[[Category:Kirby]]
[[Category:Fictional characters who can fly]]
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Fictional extraterrestrials]]
[[Category:Capital University alumni]]
[[Category:Fictional shapeshifters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nintendo protagonists]]
[[Category:Miami University alumni]]
[[Category:Super Smash Bros. fighters]]
[[Category:People from Columbus, Ohio]]
[[Category:Video game mascots]]
[[Category:Secretaries of State of Ohio]]


{{Ohio-politician-stub}}
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Revision as of 18:17, 10 October 2008

Jennifer L. Brunner
Ohio Secretary of State
In office
January 8, 2007 – present
GovernorTed Strickland
Preceded byJ. Kenneth Blackwell
Personal details
BornFebruary 5, 1957
Nationality United States
Political partyDemocratic Party
SpouseRick Brunner
Childrenthree
ResidenceTemplate:City-state
Alma materMiami University, B.A. cum laude
Capital University Law School, J.D. with honors
ProfessionPolitician

Jennifer Lee Brunner (born February 5, 1957) is an American politician of the Democratic Party who currently serves as the Ohio Secretary of State. Brunner is the first woman to serve in this capacity.[1] She assumed control of the office after sixteen years of Republican control, which included eight years by her predecessor J. Kenneth Blackwell who oversaw the controversial 2000 and 2004 United States elections.[2]

Career

Brunner previously worked in the Ohio Secretary of State’s Office as a deputy director and legislative counsel to the Ohio General Assembly during the administration of Sherrod Brown. She then began a statewide law practice focusing on election law. In 2000, Brunner was elected to an unexpired term on the Franklin County Common Pleas Court and reelected in 2002. She resigned from the Court on September 1, 2005, to run for Secretary of State. On November 7, 2006, she defeated Republican Greg Hartmann in the 2006 general election and took office on January 8, 2007.

Ohio is notorious for its 2000 and 2004 Election Day problems. The state had hours-long lines at polling places in its major cities in 2004 and a fraud scandal in Cuyahoga County, which includes Cleveland, that led to the convictions of two elections workers on rigging recounts and Ms. Brunner’s takeover of the county board of elections. In September 2007, Brunner announced extensive efforts to identify and correct serious problems with the security and reliability of voting machines in time for the March 4, 2008 Ohio Democratic and Republican primaries.[3] In a US$1.9 million federally financed study released December 14, 2007, Brunner reported the results of tests of all five voting systems used in Ohio. All systems had major flaws. She has advocated the replacement of all Ohio voting machines, including the touch-screen ones used in more than 50 of Ohio's 88 counties.[2] Brunner supports a move to paper ballots,[1] which would use optical scanning.[2] As a result of the study, during the March 2008 primaries, paper ballots were suppose to be available at all polling places for voters who preferred them.[4]

Secretary of State accomplishments

In January, Brunner proposed a plan that would allow counties to recruit poll workers by mail, who would then undertake two paid training days, and work a paid eight-hour shift at the polls on election day.[5] Brunner explained the plan in an interview:

"In terms of Ohio and what happened in the 2004 presidential election, there has been a crisis in confidence in our election system in Ohio, both nationally and in our state. One of the quickest ways to repair that is to make sure that we have adequate numbers of poll workers. ... We suggested this as one tool that the boards of elections would have available to them for recruiting poll workers. We would be looking to do this similar to how we recruit jurors, only jurors are recruited for two weeks of service whereas we'd only be asking for three days. It would also allow us to offer split shifts to poll workers. In Ohio the polling places are open for thirteen hours, so essentially a poll worker works at least fourteen hours; with the average age of our poll workers at 72, that's a tough day for anyone, no matter what their age is. ... It's an option, and we can even include a trigger, so that a county has to be deficient by a certain percentage of poll workers to even be able to use this."[6]

In the initial proposal it was not yet decided what wages would be paid, and whether refusing recruitment would result in penalties. The proposal will be decided by the Ohio General Assembly.[5]

Brunner has established the Voting Right Institute (VRI) to improve voter access to elections in Ohio. The VRI has instituted a “Grads Vote” program which supplies voter registration forms to all graduating high school senior. The VRI has also partnered with the U.S. Postal Service to include voter registration forms in government moving packets and with the Overseas Vote Foundation to improve online absentee ballot applications for overseas and military voters.[1]

"Compared to the last presidential election [in 2004], this state has gone from intensive care to walking on crutches. By November [2008], we’ll be walking normally like everyone else."

—Jennifer Brunner[7] (March 2008)

She has also moved to shield social security information and other private information from public view for millions of online records and coordinated with the Ohio General Assembly to preventing the filing of private information.[1]

Brunner worked with Ohio's 88 county boards of elections and thousands of poll workers to ensure record voter turnout in the March Presidential primaries.[1][8] Despite the record turnout, the primary was marred by paper ballot shortages, bomb threats, ice storms and power failures.[7] 21 precints in the Cleveland metropolitan area were held open for an extra 90 minutes due to paper ballot shortages.[4] Brunner claimed that in Clermont and Summit Counties ballots ran out because of the number of Republicans who voted in the Democratic primary and that only Democratic ballots ran out.[4]

2008 general election

Same day voter registration

On August 13, 2008, Brunner ordered county election board officials to establish procedures to enable voters who register to be immediately issued an absentee ballot.[9] The Republican Party opposed the same day voting plan and fought it in several Ohio Courts.[10] Ohio Republican officials and Republican voters argued in separate lawsuits that Ohio law requires voters to be registered for 30 days before they cast an absentee ballot.[11] On September 29, 2008 (a day after lower state and federal courts overruled GOP objections to same-day registration and voting or GOP requests for mandated ballot segregation and verification) the Sixth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Template:City-state rejected Republican efforts to stop the plan.[10] United States district court judge James Gwin in Template:City-state also ruled against the Republicans and issued a restraining order to enforce Brunners plan. In Template:City-state, U.S. District Judge George Smith declined to rule on another statewide challenge, deferring to the state Supreme Court's decision. The rulings, which opened a window to register and vote on the same day until the absentee ballot deadline on October 6, 2008, was upheld by the Ohio Supreme Court in a 4-3 decision in which two Republican jurists recused themselves and were replaced by a one Republican and one Democrat by Chief Justice Thomas Moyer. The normal roster of Ohio Supreme Court jurists is all Republican and the lone Democrat replacement cast the tie-breaking vote.[11][12] Brunner ordered segregation of same-day-registration ballots and verification of them before counting them on Election Day, November 4, 2008.[10] In related proceedings on September 30, 2008, Judge Smith of The U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio, in Columbus had granted an Ohio Republican Party request for a restraining order that would mandate election observers during early voting.[13][12] Brunner prevailed in the appellate court which ruled that the district court “abused its discretion” in granting the restraining order.[13]

Other issues

One month before the 2008 United States election, 5% of Ohio mortgages were either severly delinquent or in foreclosure. There were 67,000 foreclosure actions in the first half of 2008. Republicans are expected to attempt to use foreclosure lists to block voters. Brunner has warned all election boards that involvement in a foreclosure is not, by itself, sufficient basis for challenging enfranchisement.[14]

Ohio (along with Colorado, Indiana, Michigan, Nevada and North Carolina) is one of six states expected to be heavily affected by compliance with the 2002 Help America Vote Act. Due to the disproportionate voter registration by Democrats it is anticipated that much of the confusion at the polling places will be for challenges to newly-registered Democrats who have been delisted from the ranks of registered voters. It appears that Ohio is improperly using social security information to verify new voter registration.[15]

Personal

Brunner earned a B.A. in sociology-gerontology, cum laude, from Miami University and a J.D. from Capital University Law School with honors. Brunner is a resident of Columbus, Ohio. She and her husband, Rick, have been married 28 years and have three adult children.[1]

In March 2008, Brunner was given the Profile in Courage Award by the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Biography". www.sos.state.oh.us. Ohio.gov. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
  2. ^ a b c Driehaus, Bob (2007-12-15). "Ohio Elections Official Calls Machines Flawed". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
  3. ^ Driehaus, Bob (2007-09-27). "Ohio to Test Vote Systems Before March". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
  4. ^ a b c Urbina, Ian (2008-03-05). "Ballot Shortages Plague Ohio Election Amid Unusually Heavy Primary Turnout". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
  5. ^ a b "Ohio considers poll worker draft". Associated Press and WSTM-TV. 2007-01-28. Retrieved 2007-03-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ Block, Melissa (2007-01-30). "Ohio Considers a Draft System for Poll Workers" (audio interview). All Things Considered. National Public Radio. Retrieved 2007-03-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ a b Urbina, Ian and Randy Kennedy (2008-03-06). "Turnout, Technology and Nature Marred Balloting in Ohio". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
  8. ^ Maag, Christopher (2008-03-04). "Clinton Camp Confident of Comeback". Time. Time Inc. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
  9. ^ "New Ohio Voter Registration Rules Irk GOP". FoxNews.com. FOX News Network, LLC. 2008-08-14. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
  10. ^ a b c Winter, Michael (2008-09-30). "U.S. appeals court OK same-day registration, voting in Ohio". USAToday.com. USA Today. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
  11. ^ a b Majors, Stephen (2008-09-29). "State, federal courts uphold early voting in Ohio". Yahoo! News. Yahoo! Inc. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
  12. ^ a b "Courts Allow Early Voting Week in Ohio". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. 2008-09-29. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
  13. ^ a b Merrick, Amy (2008-10-01). "Ohio Gets Green Light on Same-Day Registration and Voting". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company, Inc. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
  14. ^ "Foreclosures and the Right to Vote". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. 2008-10-04. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
  15. ^ Urbina, Ian (2008-10-08). "States' Actions to Block Voters Appear Illegal". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2008-10-10.

External links

Preceded by Ohio Secretary of State
2007- 		Succeeded by
Incumbent
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