New World Order (conspiracy theory) and Tommy Franks: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox Military Person
{{Refimprove|date=May 2008}}
|name= Tommy Ray Franks
{{dablink|This article describes an alleged conspiracy. For a dramatic change in world political thought and the balance of power, see [[New world order]]. For the general concept of global political governance, see [[World government]].}}
|born= {{Birth date and age|1945|6|17}}
|died=
|placeofbirth= [[Wynnewood, Oklahoma]]
|placeofburial=
|image= [[Image:TommyFranks cropped.jpg|200px]]
|caption= General Tommy Franks<br/>USA, as CENTCOM Commander
|nickname=
|allegiance= [[Untied States|United States of America]]
|branch= [[United States Army]]
|serviceyears= 1967-2003
|rank= [[General (United States)|General]]
|commands= 2nd Battalion, 78th Field Artillery<br/>[[82nd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|82nd Field Artillery Regiment]]<br/>[[2nd Infantry Division (United States)|2nd Infantry Division]]<br/>[[Third United States Army]]<br/>[[United States Central Command]]
|unit=
|battles= [[Vietnam War]]<br/>[[Gulf_War#Operation_Desert_Shield|Operation Desert Shield]]<br/>[[Gulf War|Operation Desert Storm]]<br/>[[Operation Enduring Freedom]]<br/>[[Iraq War|Operation Iraqi Freedom]]
|awards=[[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]]<br/>[[Army Distinguished Service Medal]] (2)<br/>[[Legion of Merit]] (4)<br/>[[Bronze Star Medal|Bronze Star]] (3)<br/>[[Purple Heart]] (3)<br/>[[Air Medal]]<br/>[[Army Commendation Medal]]<br/>[[Army Staff Identification Badge]]<br/>[[Aircraft Crewmember's Badge]]<br/>[[Presidential Medal of Freedom]]<br/>[[Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
|laterwork=
}}


General '''Tommy Ray Franks''', [[United States Army]] (Ret.) [[Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire|KBE]] (Honorary) (born [[June 17]], [[1945]] in [[Wynnewood, Oklahoma]]) is a retired [[General (United States)|General]] in the [[United States Army]]. His last Army post was as the Commander of the [[United States]] [[U.S. Central Command|Central Command]], overseeing [[United States Armed Forces]] operations in a 25-country region, including the [[Middle East]]. Franks succeeded General [[Anthony Zinni]] to this position on [[July 6]], [[2000]] and served until his retirement on [[July 7]], [[2003]].
'''New World Order''' refers to a [[conspiracy]] in which a powerful and secretive group is plotting to eventually [[World domination|rule the world]] via an [[autonomy|autonomous]] [[world government]], which would replace [[sovereignty|sovereign]] states and other [[checks and balances]] in world power struggles. In this theory, many significant occurrences are said to be caused by a powerful secret group or groups. Historical and current events are seen as steps in an on-going plot to rule the world primarily through a combination of political finance, [[Social engineering (political science)|social engineering]], [[mind control]], and [[culture of fear|fear-based]] [[propaganda]].<ref>Barkun, Michael. 2003. ''A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America''. Berkeley: Univ. of California.</ref><ref>Goldberg, Robert Alan. 2001. ''Enemies Within: The Culture of Conspiracy in Modern America''. New Haven: Yale University Press.</ref><ref>Pipes, Daniel. (1997). Conspiracy: How the Paranoid Style Flourishes and Where it Comes From. New York: The Free Press.</ref><ref>Camp, Gregory S. 1997. Selling Fear: Conspiracy Theories and End-Times Paranoia. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Books.</ref><ref>Fenster, M. 1999. Conspiracy theories: Secrecy and power in American culture. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press.</ref>


Franks was the U.S. general leading the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|attack on the Taliban in Afghanistan]] in response to the [[September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack]] on the [[World Trade Center]] and [[The Pentagon]]. He also led the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]] and the overthrow of [[Saddam Hussein]].
==History of the term==
The modern use of the phrase "new world order," originated in the early 1900s with [[Cecil Rhodes]], who advocated that the [[British Empire]] and the [[United States]] should jointly impose a Federal World Government (with English as the official language) to bring about lasting world "peace".<ref>Robertson, Pat. (1991). The New World Order just began happening yesterday, and its already under strict control of everyone. The New World Order. Dallas: Word Publishing.</ref> A sinister motive is seen in the fact that Rhodes founded the [[Rhodes Scholarship]] as a global brotherhood of future leaders. [[Lionel Curtis]], who also believed in this idea, founded the [[Round Table movement]] in 1909, which led to the establishment of the British-based [[Royal Institute for International Affairs]] in 1919 and the U.S.-based [[Council on Foreign Relations]] in 1921.<ref>[http://www.cfr.org/about/history/cfr/index.html History of CFR - Council on Foreign Relations<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The concept was further developed by [[Edward M. House]], a close advisor to [[Woodrow Wilson]] during the negotiations to set up the [[League of Nations]] (it is unclear whether it was House or Wilson who invented the actual phrase). Another important influence was the author [[H.G. Wells]], a vigorous advocate for world government.<ref>[http://www.informationliberation.com/?id=24997 informationliberation - Anticipations of The New Republic: The Vision of H.G. Wells<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
<br>
One official mention which has garnered attention was in [[Gerald Ford]]'s "Declaration of Interdependence" on [[24 October]] [[1975]]; according to the ex-general counsel of the [[Export-Import Bank of the United States]], [[Peter Beter]], the Declaration of Interdependence states that: <blockquote>"We must join with others to bring forth a '''''new world order'''''....Narrow notions of national sovereignty must not be permitted to curtail that obligation."<ref>[[Peter Beter|Beter, Peter]]. [http://www.transactual.com/cac/Beter.pdf Audio Letter #9-Page121]. Retrieved on November 2007</ref></blockquote>


==Early life==
Elements are present in the populism of the nineteenth century. In present form this can be traced to the collapse of the [[Soviet Union]] and President [[George H. W. Bush]]'s [[new world order]] speech of [[11 September]] [[1990]]. In it he described the United States' objectives for post-[[cold-war]] cooperation with the former Soviet Union, using the phrase "new world order".<ref>{{cite web
Born Tommy Ray Bentley in [[Oklahoma]], and adopted by Ray and Lorene "Pete" Parker Franks, Tommy Franks graduated from [[Robert E. Lee High School (Midland, Texas)|Robert E. Lee High School]] in [[Midland, Texas]]. He attended the [[University of Texas at Austin]] and joined the [[Delta Upsilon]] Fraternity. He dropped out of college after two years due to subpar grades.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Berlet
|date= 2003-03-09
| first = Chip
|url= http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2003-03-06-franks-profile_x.htm
| year = 1999
|title= Texas general takes sharpest of minds into Iraq conflict
| url = http://www.publiceye.org/apocalyptic/Dances_with_Devils_2.html
|publisher= [[The Associated Press]]
| title = How Apocalyptic and Millennialist Themes Influence Right Wing Scapegoating and Conspiracism
|accessdate = 2008-04-10
| work = Dances with Devils
}}</ref>
| publisher = Political Research Associates
| accessdate = 2006-06-18
}} - "When President Bush announced his new foreign policy would help build a New World Order, his phrasing surged through the Christian and secular hard right like an electric shock, since the phrase had been used to represent the dreaded collectivist One World Government for decades."</ref>


==Signs==
==Military career==
Franks enlisted in the [[Army]] in 1965 and attended basic training at [[Fort Leonard Wood]], [[Missouri]]. After completing basic training, he received training as a [[cryptanalysis|cryptologic analyst]] at [[Fort Devens]], [[Massachusetts]]. [[PFC]] Franks was later selected to attend [[Officer Candidate School|The U.S. Army Artillery and Missile Officer Candidate School]] (USAAMOCS), [[Fort Sill]], [[Oklahoma]] and was commissioned a second lieutenant in 1967. After an initial tour as a battery Assistant Executive Officer at Fort Sill, he was assigned to the [[US 9th Infantry Division]], Republic of [[Vietnam]], where he served as [[Forward Observer]], [[Aerial observer|Aerial Observer]], and Assistant S-3 with 2nd Battalion, 4th Field Artillery. He also served as Fire Support Officer with 5th Battalion (mechanized), 60th Infantry during this tour.
A few examples of signs that may confirm these claims include the following:


In 1968, Franks returned to Fort Sill, where he commanded a cannon battery in the Artillery Training Center. In 1969, he was selected to participate in the Army's "Boot Strap Degree Completion Program," and subsequently attended the [[University of Texas at Arlington]], where he graduated with a degree in [[Business Administration]] in 1971. Following attendance at the Artillery Advance Course, he was assigned to the Second Armored Cavalry Regiment in [[West Germany]] in 1973, where he commanded the 1st Squadron Howitzer Battery and served as Squadron S-3. He also commanded the 84th Armored Engineer Company, and served as Regimental Assistant S-3 during this tour.
The murals in the [[Denver International Airport]],<ref>Denver Westword (August 30, 2007). [http://www.westword.com/2007-08-30/news/dia-conspiracies-take-off/full DIA Conspiracies Take Off]. Retrieved September 28, 2008.</ref> the pyramid on the reverse side of the [[Great Seal of the United States]] and the words "[[Novus Ordo Seclorum]]" meaning "New Order of the Ages", [[Masonic]] signs on buildings (particularly in [[Washington DC]]) and [[pentagram]]s worked into city plans. Signs and symbols have also been found in the Vatican, [[Roman Catholic]] & [[Protestant]] Churches, [[Mormon]] Temples of the [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] and on the clothing of various clergy. The [[Knights of Columbus]] and [[Freemasonry]] have many rituals and symbols. They often code speeches and writings to be secret with special words such as "laying the foundation", "the reality of it is...", "on the level", "by the square", "paving the way", "tell the story", "work", "design" and other architectural terms; e.g. Roman Catholic Archbishop of Washington D.C., [[Donald Wuerl]], [http://ncrcafe.org/node/1189 speaking of his appointment referring to "the Architect" and "that world we want to create"].{{Fact|date=October 2008}}.


Franks, after graduating from the [[Armed Forces Staff College]], was posted to [[The Pentagon]] in 1976, where he served as an Army [[Inspector General]] in the Investigations Division. In 1977 he was assigned to the Office of the Chief of Staff, Army where he served on the Congressional Activities Team, and subsequently as an Executive Assistant.
The universal symbol that represents change, the triangle (although this symbol is actually the Greek Letter [[Δ]]), appears in the [[Great Seal of the United States]]. The eye of the seal completes the triangle, implying change.{{Fact|date=October 2008}}.


In 1981, Franks returned to West Germany where he commanded 2nd Battalion, 78th Field Artillery for three years. He returned to the United States in 1984 to attend the [[Army War College]] at [[Carlisle, Pennsylvania]], where he also completed graduate studies and received a Master of Science Degree in Public Administration at [[Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania]]. He was next assigned to [[Fort Hood]], [[Texas]], as [[U.S. III Corps|III Corps]] Deputy Assistant G3, a position he held until 1987 when he assumed command of Division Artillery, [[US 1st Cavalry Division]]. He also served as Chief of Staff, 1st Cavalry Division during this tour.
A DVD entitled ''[[Riddles In Stone]]'' investigates the peculiarities in Washington, D.C.'s streets and buildings.


His initial general officer assignment was Assistant Division Commander (Maneuver), 1st Cavalry Division during [[Gulf_War#Operation_Desert_Shield|Operation Desert Shield]] and [[Gulf War|Operation Desert Storm]]. During 1991-1992, he was assigned as Assistant [[Commandant]] of the Field Artillery School at Fort Sill. In 1992, he was assigned to [[Fort Monroe, Virginia]] as the first Director, Louisiana Maneuvers Task Force, Office of Chief of Staff of the Army, a position held until 1994 when he was reassigned to [[South Korea]] as the CJG3 of Combined Forces Command and U.S. Forces Korea.
[[Image:US Great Seal Reverse.svg|right|thumb|250px|Reverse side of the [[Great Seal of the United States]] ]]
The belief may stem — at least partly — from the [[New World Order (political)|political phrase "New World Order"]], which was used in politics for much of the 20th century.


From 1995-1997, General Franks commanded the [[US 2nd Infantry Division]], Korea. He assumed command of Third (U.S.) Army/Army Forces Central Command in Atlanta, Ga. in May 1997, a post he held until June 2000 when he was selected for promotion to general and assignment as Commander in Chief, United States Central Command.
Other names for the New World Order used by theorists are ''Illuminati Bankers'', ''High Cabal'', ''[[Fourth Reich]]'', ''[[Synarchist International]]'', the ''[[Cryptocracy]]'', the ''[[power elite]]'', and the ''powers that be''{{Fact|date=October 2008}}.


General Franks' awards include the [[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]]; [[Distinguished Service Medal (USA)|Distinguished Service Medal]] (two awards); [[Legion of Merit]] (four awards); [[Bronze Star Medal|Bronze Star]] with [[Valor device]] and two [[oak leaf clusters]]; [[Purple Heart]] (two oak leaf clusters); [[Air Medal]] with Valor device; [[Army Commendation Medal]] with Valor device; and a number of U.S. and foreign service awards. He wears the [[Army Staff Identification Badge]] and the [[Aircraft Crewmember's Badge]]. He is a Knight Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]]. In 2004, President George W. Bush awarded him the Presidential [[Medal of Freedom]].
Supporters of this theory can say to a certain degree who is part of it. Most prominent families such as the [[Rothschild family|Rothschild]]s, the [[Rockefeller family|Rockefeller]]s, the [[Bush family]], the [[J. P. Morgan|Morgan]]s, [[Warburg family|Warburg]]s <!-- which Kissinger and Schroder "families" are being referred to here? [[Kissinger]]s, [[Schroders]],--> and [[Du Pont family|Du Pont]]s, <!-- What monarchs are we referring to? as well as European [[monarch]]s,--> and the Saudi Royal Family are claimed to be important members. Some modern Popes and Roman Catholic Church Hierarchy are also said to play a role <!-- says who?-->{{Fact|date=October 2008}}.


General Franks' retirement was announced on [[May 22]], [[2003]]. Secretary [[Donald Rumsfeld]] reportedly offered him the position of [[Chief of Staff of the United States Army|Army Chief of Staff]], but he declined.
International organizations such as the [[World Bank]], the [[IMF]], the [[European Union]], the [[United Nations]], and [[NATO]] are sometimes listed as core NWO organizations. Presidents and [[prime minister]]s of nations are routinely included in the theory. A slightly different version of the NWO theory goes as far as saying that these families and persons are all part of the same 13 [[bloodline]]s{{Fact|date=October 2008}}.


===Iraq troop levels and conduct of the Iraq War===
These theories often draw from Freemason and Illuminati scares of the late 1700s and 1800s in the United States, as well as antisemitic myths spread through the hoax document, [[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion]].<ref>Barkun, 2003; Goldberg, 2001</ref>
{{Citation style}}
In their book, ''[[Cobra II|COBRA II]]'', military correspondent [[Michael R. Gordon]] and military historian and retired [[Marine Corps]] general [[Bernard Trainor]] argue that Franks failed to recognize the threat the Saddam Fedayeen irregular fighters posed to the invading ground forces in 2003 and their potential to form the core of a post-war insurgency. For instance, in their book, they make a disputed claim that Franks threatened to fire General William Wallace, commander of the Army's V Corps, for his comments to the press during that war where he said that the enemy the U.S. was facing was different from the enemy the military had planned against.


Franks rejected the critical comments on the TV program "[[Hardball with Chris Matthews]]" on [[April 17]], 2006. When asked to respond to the book's claims, he said, "Well, I don't know that I would hold myself to a standard to try to help the retired admiral, you know, sell his book". Franks pointed to a study published by [[U.S. Joint Forces Command]]. He says the study shows that there is no linkage between the Fedayeen and the insurgency present in Iraq today. He agrees with their assessment, which would discredit COBRA II's notion that his failure to take the Fedayeen seriously during the invasion of Iraq contributed to the post-war insurgency.<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12354723/ Transcript]</ref>
==New World Order timeline==
These are events that are considered pivotal in, and related to, the establishment of the New World Order.<ref>[http://www.khouse.org/articles/1997/90/ A Chronological History: The New World Order - D.L. Cuddy, Ph.D - Koinonia House<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


The authors also suggest that Franks was worn down by repeated pressure from U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld to reduce the number of U.S. troops in war plans and cancel the deployment of the 1st Cavalry Division, a scheduled follow-on unit that was slated for deployment in April 2003. (New York Times: Dash to Baghdad Left Top US Generals Divided 13 March 2006) More generally, they argue Franks' command was somewhat understandably focused on the immediate task in front of it -- defeating Saddam Hussein and taking Baghdad -- and few were willing to divert resources away from that effort and toward the long-term post-war needs.
* In 1832, [[Skull and Bones]] was founded at Yale.
* In 1903 the [[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion]] were published in [[Russia]]. Scholars generally agree that the [[Okhrana]], the [[secret police]] of the [[Russian Empire]], fabricated the text in the late 1890s or early 1900s.<ref>John Spargo, "The Jew and American Ideals". Harper & Brothers Publishers New York 1921 p. 20-40.</ref>
* In 1913 the [[Federal Reserve Act]] was passed, creating the [[Federal Reserve System]].
* In 1935, the reverse side of the [[Great Seal of the United States]] with the [[Eye of Providence]] above the [[pyramid]] appeared for the first time on the back of the one dollar [[U.S. dollar]] bill.
* In 1944, the [[Bretton Woods Agreement]] was signed, outlining a regime for the post [[World War II]] [[world economy]].
* In 1945, the [[United Nations]] was founded.
* In 1954, the [[Bilderberg Group]] was founded.
* In 1957 the [[European Economic Community]] (European Common Market) was formed, which in 1992 changed its name to the [[European Union]]. Currently, the EU has 27 [[List of European Union member states by accession|member states]], 15 of which use a common currency, the [[Euro]].
* In 1963, the [[Codex Alimentarius]] Commission was established by the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] and the [[World Health Organization]], later to be backed by the [[World Trade Organization]].
* In 1973, [[David Rockefeller]] and [[Zbigniew Brzezinski]] organized the [[Trilateral Commission]]. The [[Club of Rome]] issued a report entitled the "Regionalized and Adaptive Model of the Global World System," which proposes that the world be divided into ten regions.
* In 1995, the United Nations' [[International Trade Organization]]'s (ITO) [[General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade]] (GATT) group was renamed the [[World Trade Organization]] (WTO).<ref>[http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/fact4_e.htm WTO | Understanding the WTO - The GATT years: from Havana to Marrakesh<!-- bot-generated title -->] at www.wto.org</ref>
* In 2001, the [[September 11, 2001 attacks|World Trade Center towers and the Pentagon are attacked]], killing thousands of people. The attacks were allegedly carried out by al-Qaeda terrorists primarily from Saudi Arabia, but many conspiracy theorists{{Who|date=September 2008}} believe that they were carried out or supported by the U.S. government, or the [[Illuminati]].{{Fact|date=September 2008}} The attacks have been linked to ideas about the New World Order, sometimes presented as a [[9/11 conspiracy theories|conspiratorial media-orchestrated plot]] to frighten Americans into giving up their civil liberties to a "Homeland Security" authority that will eventually turn control of the United States over to a multi-national "coalition government."{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
* In 2001 the USA Patriot Act was signed by George W. Bush, which expands the authority of U.S. law enforcement agencies for the stated purpose of fighting terrorism in the United States and abroad.
* In 2002, the [[FDA]] approved the manufacture of the [[VeriChip]] [[Microchip implant (human)|microchip implant]]. This aroused people's fears that some future [[totalitarian]] governments could enforce the implanting of these chips and thus be a form of the [[Mark of the Beast]] mentioned in the [[Book of Revelation]]. [[Wikisource:Bible (King James)/Revelation#Chapter 13|Revelation 13:16-13:17]]<ref>[http://www.cybertime.net/~ajgood/chipindex.html Index Subdermal microchip ID<!-- bot-generated title -->] at www.cybertime.net</ref><ref>[http://www.tldm.org/News4/MarkoftheBeast.htm VeriChip Microchip Implants Cause Fast-Growing, Malignant Tumors in Lab Animals. Will this end the Mark of the Beast?<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* In 2004, the [[Independent Task Force on North America]], a project organized by the Council on Foreign Relations, proposes the establishment by 2010 of a ''North American economic and security community'', generally referred to as the [[North American Union]]. It has been proposed by [[Robert Pastor]], a vice-chairman of the task force, that the North American Union would have a common [[currency]], the [[amero]].<ref>[http://www.adjunct.diodon349.com/Attack_on_USA/beware_of_the_north_american_union.htm Beware of the unholy North American Union]</ref>
* In 2007 U.S. president [[George W. Bush]] signed into effect the [[National Security and Homeland Security Presidential Directive]] which grants him (the president) broad powers during a time of "national emergency". This directive grants unprecedented power to the [[Commander-in-chief#United States|Commander In Chief of the US Military]] (the president) without any type of overriding checks and balances from [[United States Congress|Congress]].<ref>[http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2007/05/20070509-12.html] White House Official Document</ref>


The writers also question his decision during the war to keep sealift ships carrying the equipment for the 4th Infantry Division (Mechanized) at sea instead of bringing the equipment ashore in Kuwait sooner so the division could have entered Iraq earlier than it did to add to the force levels in post-war Iraq. Franks argues that by keeping the ships at sea the Iraqis were deceived into believing a U.S. attack was yet to come from the north through Turkey, though Colin Powell and others have questioned his view (Plan of Attack, Bob Woodward, 2004).
==Ideologies==
There are a number of different ideologies related to this belief:<ref>{{cite book
| last = Johnson
| first = George
| year = 1983
| title = Architects of Fear: Conspiracy Theories and Paranoia in American Politics
| publisher = Jeremy P. Tarcher, Inc.
| location = Los Angeles
| id = ISBN 0-87477-275-3
}}</ref>


Franks wanted to retire after the major combat phase of the war, tired from having planned for and prosecuted two major wars and led a war on terrorism since September 2001. As a result, Gordon and Trainor argue he was slow to act during the crucial months following the fall of [[Baghdad]]. They suggest there was a leadership void at U.S. Central Command because his two deputies, LtGen "Rifle" DeLong and LTG "Mad Arab" Abizaid, were at odds with each other until General John Abizaid succeeded Franks in the middle of the summer of 2003. LtGen Mike DeLong retired with a bitter taste in his mouth and wrote his own book regarding the leadership failures in the headquarters. They also note that there was a command transition in Iraq as V Corps and General Ricardo Sanchez took command of U.S. forces in Iraq without being fully resourced and trained for the mission in advance. (COBRA II Gordon and Trainor 2006)
===H. G. Wells and the benevolent New World Order ===
[[H.G. Wells]] advised in his 1940 work ''[[The New World Order (Wells)|The New World Order]]'' that "... when the struggle seems to be drifting definitely towards a world social democracy, there may still be very great delays and disappointments before it becomes an efficient and beneficent world system. Countless people ... will hate the new world order ... and will die protesting against it. When we attempt to evaluate its promise, we [must] bear in mind the distress of a generation or so of malcontents, many of them quite gallant and graceful-looking people."<ref>[http://www.theforbiddenknowledge.com/hardtruth/new_world_order_hgwells.htm The New World Order by H. G. Wells<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> He called for the effort to organize prominent [[intellectuals]] behind the idea of establishing a [[World Government]], in which his writings would be expected to have an instrumental role, in the "Open Conspiracy" (a benevolent one) in his [[The Open Conspiracy|book]] published under that name in 1928.<ref>[http://users.cyberone.com.au/myers/opencon.html H. G . Wells, The Open Conspiracy for World Government<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


In ''Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq'', veteran defense and Pentagon reporter [[Thomas E. Ricks]] echoes criticism from officers who had served under Franks who put forth that, while tactically sound, he lacked the strategic mindset and overall intellect necessary for the task. Some close to him argued he was more thoughtful than he seemed, was aware that Secretary Rumsfeld and his staff were unable to discuss the Iraq War in military terms and had an obligation to put forth stronger objections to the civilian control of military planning. While demanding and goal oriented he was also criticized for being unwilling to countenance alternate viewpoints and for detaching himself from day-to-day affairs when the ground war ceased and he prepared for retirement.
===Lionel Curtis and the "Commonwealth of God"===
[[Lionel Curtis]] wrote a book in 1938 called ''The [[Commonwealth]] of God'' in which he advocated that the United States and the British Empire should jointly impose a world government which would be presented as being the work of [[God]]: "I feel that when once the [[Protestant]] churches had learned to regard the creation of a world commonwealth as an all-important aspect of their work in realizing the [[Kingdom of God]], an international commonwealth in the English-speaking world would come into being in a few generations".<ref> Curtis, Lionel ''Civitas Dei: The Commonwealth of God'' London:1938--MacMillan & Sons </ref><ref>[http://users.cyberone.com.au/myers/curtis2.html Lionel Curtis: why the US must re-join the British Empire<!-- bot-generated title -->] at users.cyberone.com.au</ref> Some conspiracy theorists find sinister meaning in this.


Franks currently resides in [[Roosevelt, Oklahoma]].
===Alice Bailey's "New World Order" and its opposition to Orthodox Judaism===
[[Alice A. Bailey]], a one time [[Theosophist]] who formed her own group, the Arcane School, in 1923, predicted in 1940 the victory of the [[Allies]] over the [[Axis powers of World War II|Axis]] and the establishment afterward by the Allies of a "New World Order" &mdash; regarded by her (as by [[H.G. Wells]]) &mdash; as a benevolent conspiracy by political [[Progressivism|progressives]] that would bring [[human race|humanity]] to a higher level of [[civilization]].<ref> Bailey, Alice A. ''The Externalisation of the Hierarchy'' New York: 1957--Lucis Publishing (a compilation of earlier prophecies) Pages 185-192 "The New World Order". </ref> However, in 1997, Rabbi [[Yonassan Gershom]], in an article titled "[[Antisemitic]] Stereotypes in Alice Bailey's Writings", pointed out that Bailey's "Plan for the New World Order" called for "the gradual dissolution - again if in any way possible - of the [[Orthodox Jewish]] faith", which, he said, indicated that "her goal is nothing less than the destruction of [[Judaism]] itself."<ref>[http://www.pinenet.com/rooster/bailey.html Alice Bailey'S Antisemitism<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


==Statements on nuclear attack against the United States==
===Patrick Buchanan and the Council on Foreign Relations theory===
According to ''Time'' magazine, on [[November 21]], 2003, Tommy Franks said that in the event of another terrorist attack, American Constitutional liberties might be discarded by popular demand in favor of a military state. Discussing the hypothetical dangers posed to the U.S. in the wake of the [[September 11]], 2001 attacks, Franks said that “the worst thing that could happen” is if terrorists acquire and then use a biological, chemical or nuclear weapon that inflicts heavy casualties.
[[Paleoconservatism|Paleoconservative]] [[Patrick J. Buchanan]] asserts the [[Council on Foreign Relations]] (itself alleged to be a front for international bankers, as well as, it is claimed, the inspiration for the founding of the [[Bilderberg Group]], [[Trilateral Commission]], and [[World Trade Organization]]) is behind the conspiracy.{{Fact|date=March 2007}} He claims that the international banking interests are planning to eventually subvert the [[independence]] of the [[United States of America]] by subordinating national [[sovereignty]] to the [[United Nations]].<ref> Buchanan, Patrick J. ''Where the Right Went Wrong'' New York: 2004--Thomas Dunne Books, an imprint of St. Martins Press </ref><ref>[http://www.wnd.com/news/archives.asp?AUTHOR_ID=185 WorldNetDaily – A Free Press for a Free People<!-- bot-generated title -->] at www.wnd.com</ref> This thesis agrees with the right-wing [[libertarian]] opinion<ref>[http://www.unisevil.com/temp213.htm The United Nations: One World United Under One Global Dictatorship<!-- bot-generated title -->] at www.unisevil.com</ref> who sees a future [[socialist]] [[World State]] as the only way to achieve an [[Orwellian]] [[goldstein's book|collectivist oligarchy]] freed from the need to subordinate the world's production to the consumers of a [[free market economy]]. The conspiracy would replace it with a monopolist [[planned economy]] capable of rationing the resources, converting populations into public property.<ref>[http://www.getusout.org/artman/publish/cat_index_26.shtml Property Rights<!-- bot-generated title -->] at www.getusout.org</ref> Their usual image is an egalitarian slavery under a global [[scientific dictatorship]].


If that happens, Franks said, “... the Western world, the free world, loses what it cherishes most, and that is freedom and liberty we’ve seen for a couple of hundred years in this grand experiment that we call democracy.”
:"For more than a century ideological extremists at either end of the political spectrum have seized upon well-publicized incidents ... to attack the Rockefeller family for the inordinate influence they claim we wield over American political and economic institutions. Some even believe we are part of a secret cabal working against the best interests of the United States, characterizing my family and me as 'internationalists' and of conspiring with others around the world to build a more integrated global political and economic structure - one world, if you will. If that's the charge, I stand guilty, and I am proud of it."
::- David Rockefeller, "Memoirs" autobiography (2002, Random House publishers), page 405


Franks then offered “in a practical sense” what he thinks would happen in the aftermath of such an attack.
The Council of Foreign Relations Theory is the latest version of the conspiracy theorist view that the Anglo-American Establishment conspired from 1900 on to gain world domination. The research findings of historian [[Carroll Quigley]], an expert on the Establishment, were taken by right-wing writers to substantiate this view, even though he denied that the Establishment was a conspiracy seeking world domination.<ref>[http://www.scientiapress.com/findings/quigley.htm Carroll Quigley: Theorist of Civilizations<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


“It means the potential of a weapon of mass destruction and a terrorist, massive, casualty-producing event somewhere in the Western world – it may be in the United States of America – that causes our population to question our own Constitution and to begin to militarize our country in order to avoid a repeat of another mass, casualty-producing event. Which in fact, then begins to unravel the fabric of our Constitution."
===Apocalyptic Christian theories centering on the Book of Revelation ===
Some [[Evangelicalism|evangelical]] [[Christian]] theologians include a prominent religious element based on prophecies in the [[Bible]], including, but not limited to, the [[Book of Revelation]], the [[Book of Daniel]], and the [[Gospel of John]] about the coming of the [[Anti-Christ]]. They assert that agents of [[Satan]] are involved in deceiving humanity into accepting an international demonic order that has Satan at the core of worship. These beliefs often include explicit [[millenarianism]]. Other ideologies do not have a religious component, and view the concept of "serving Satan" metaphorically{{Fact|date=October 2008}}.


==On the United States' not finding WMD in Iraq==
The [[Futurism (Christian eschatology)|futurist]], [[dispensationalism|dispensationalist]] view regarding the expected events leading to the implementation of the New World Order and the emergence of the Anti-Christ as well as the subsequent [[Battle of Armageddon]] and [[Second Coming]] is exhaustively summarized in the 1998 book ''Final Warning: The History of the New World Order'' by David Allen Rivera.<ref>[http://www.silverbearcafe.com/private/NWO/nwotoc.html FINAL WARNING: A HISTORY OF THE NEW WORLD ORDER<!-- bot-generated title -->] at www.silverbearcafe.com</ref> A popular documentary on [[christian eschatology]] is called ''[[The Late, Great Planet Earth]]'', and is narrated by [[Orson Welles]].
"No one was more surprised than I that we didn't find (WMD's)," said Franks on December 2, 2005.<ref>[http://www.newshounds.us/2005/12/02/general_tommy_franks_wont_back_up_hannitys_iraq_fantasy.php#more "General Tommy Franks Won't Back Up Hannity's Iraq Fantasy"] Reported by Ellen - December 2, 2005</ref>


==Corporate career==
===Multi-national corporations theory===
Since 2003, General Franks has operated Franks & Associates LLC, a private [[consulting firm]], active in the [[disaster recovery]] industry. In June 2006, General Franks formed a partnership with Innovative Decon Solutions, Disaster recovery.<ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |coauthors= |title=www.idsint.com |date= |publisher= |url =http://www.idsint.com/index.html |work = |pages = |accessdate = 2007-09-27 |language =}}</ref>
Some say that there is or may be an explicit ([[conspiracy (political)|conspiracy]]) or implicit ([[Voting bloc|bloc]]) organization of [[intellectual]]s, [[technologist]]s, [[Technocracy (bureaucratic)|technocrat]]s, [[intelligentsia]], [[technophiles]], or other such intellectual elites and leaders who view digital technology as a god in and of itself and push a pro-[[Technocracy (bureaucratic)|Technocracy]], pro-[[Scientism]] agenda. Generally, this theory maintains a nexus to capitalism, materialism, transnational corporations, and based on behaviours of groups like [[Big four record labels]], [[Supermajor]], [[Trusted Computing Group]], and advancement of technology like [[Spychips]]. The theory goes if technology is profitable and humans are subjectively guided by technological communications; accordingly, it is possible to sustain a peaceful and global [[Consumerism|consumer society]]. [[Anti-psychiatry]] sometimes plays a role in such theories, as it is claimed that the fields of psychology and psychiatry are for the purposes of medicating the individualist instincts of people and creating a conformant "therapeutic society."


In December 2005, Franks was appointed to the [[Bank of America]] [[board of directors]]. He also sits on [[OSI Restaurant Partners]]'s board of directors.
===Novus Ordo Seclorum ===
[[Image:M-A-S-O-N on $1 bill.png|150px|right]]
The phrase [[novus ordo seclorum]] means "New Order of the Ages", but is sometimes incorrectly translated as "New Secular Order".<ref>[[Lewis and Short]], ''A Latin Dictionary: Founded on Andrews' Edition of Freund's Latin Dictionary: Revised, Enlarged, and in Great Part Rewritten by Charlton T. Lewis, Ph.D. and Charles Short, LL.D''. The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1879, ''s. vv.''</ref> Some of those who believe that the [[Freemasonry|Freemasons]] are involved in the conspiracy to create a New World Order claim<ref>{{cite web | last = Melanson | first = Terry | year = 2005 | url = http://www.conspiracyarchive.com/Commentary/Great_Seal.htm | title = The New Age Magazine and Occult Explanations of the Great Seal | work = Commentary | publisher = ConspiracyArchive.com | accessdate = 2006-05-04}}</ref> that the motto is inspired by [[Freemasonry]], and is one of the clues to the True Masters of the World. By circumscribing the 6 pointed [[hexagram]], or [[Star of David]], over the pyramid, 5 of the 6 apices (the 6th being the '[[All-seeing eye]]'), point near letters spelling S-M-O-N-A, which can be rearranged to spell ''Mason''. (In Hebrew the word "Oman" (plural "omanim") means artisan or skilled labourer, hence the possible reference in the word mason)


In December 2004, General Franks became a spokesman for Teen Arrive Alive, which is a company that uses GPS in [[cellular phones]] to tell parents how fast their teenage children are driving.
Advocates of the conspiracy theory also cite the 13 steps that ascend the pyramid, and the 72 visible blocks on the front. The Great US seal is also ascribed as employing heavily masonic imagery, with many believing the eagle to represent the masonic phoenix. The eagle holds an olive branch with 13 olives and 13 leaves in one claw, and 13 arrows in the other. There are also 13 stars above the eagle on the Great Seal of the United States, which also forms the 6 point hexagram or Star of David.


Following his retirement, General Franks published his memoirs in the best-selling book ''American Soldier''.
Occultists venerate the number 13 as it represents the Sun and the twelve signs of the zodiac, making thirteen. Others suggest the steps refer to the [[thirteen colonies]].<ref>{{cite web | last = Swensson | first = John | year = 2003 | url = http://www.deanza.edu/faculty/swensson/dollarmeaning.html | title = The Dollar Bill & Its Meaning | work = The Vietnam Conflict: An Academic Information Portal For Education and Research | publisher = DeAnza College | accessdate = 2006-05-04}}</ref> If the blocks are correctly counted and their number intended, [[72 (number)|72]] has other mystical meanings: it was sacred to the [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]]s, as [[Plutarch]] says; and Persians, Jews and Christians use it as the number of nations on the Earth.


General Franks endorsed President [[George W. Bush]] for re-election on [[August 31]] [[2004]], speaking at the Republican Convention in New York.
===Other theories===
Although the United Nations features prominently in some theories, conspiracy theory in the twenty-first century allows for the addition of many ideas that in the past might have been thought mutually exclusive. [[Extra-terrestrials]] (either the "[[Reptilians]]" or the "[[Greys]]" or both), the [[Trilateral Commission]], the [[Illuminati]], and other groups may be included in the conspiracy, in more or less dominant roles, as in the conspiracy theory put forward by [[David Icke]]. Some theorists say a secret annual conference of the [[Bilderberg Group]] plans world events to establish the New World Order.<ref> Estulin, Daniel ''The True Story of the Bilderberg Group'' Walterville, OR:2007 TrineDay [http://www.TrimeDay.com] [http://www.DanielEstulin.com]</ref>Additionally, religious [[eschatology]], often featuring the [[anti-Christ]], is central to some theories, and irrelevant to others.


Franks was considered to replace former [[Oklahoma State University–Stillwater|Oklahoma State University]] President [[David J. Schmidly]] when Schmidly took the position as the President of the [[University of New Mexico]].
New World Order conspiracy theory may be presented by any who fear the loss of their ideological freedom and liberties, [[conservatism|conservatives]] and [[liberals]] alike. A number of those on both the right and left believe that the [[Left-wing politics|left]]/[[Right-wing politics|right]] paradigm itself is a subversive creation of a New World Order-controlled media, intended as [[disinformation]] to divert people from their common enemy. This has been called "Fusion Paranoia" by [[Michael Kelly (editor)|Michael Kelly]].


==Promotions==
==Theories about instances of historical manipulations==
*[[Image:US-OF1B.svg|10px]] 2LT - 1967
The conspirators thought to be responsible for the new world order, according to conspiracy theorists, are also suspected of staging many historical events such as World Wars and terrorist attacks. New world order conspiracy theorists say that world leaders throughout history have successfully manipulated their people into wars using [[false flag]] operations. To support these assertions they cite what they consider to be previous examples of such manipulations:
*[[Image:US-OF1A.svg|10px]] 1LT -
*[[Image:US-O3 insignia.svg|28px]] CPT -
*[[Image:US-O4 insignia.svg|28px]] MAJ -
*[[Image:US-O5 insignia.svg|28px]] LTC -
*[[Image:US-O6 insignia.svg|28px]] COL -
*[[Image:US-O7 insignia.svg|28px]] BG -
*[[Image:US-O8 insignia.svg|28px]] MG -
*[[Image:US-O9 insignia.svg|28px]] LTG -May 30,1997
*[[Image:US-O10 insignia.svg|28px]] GEN -July 6,2000


==Controversy==
*The [[Nazism|Nazis]] capitalized on the [[Reichstag fire]] by blaming the Communists for it, thus eliminating support for the Communist party in Germany, and leading to Nazi domination of the legislature.
In January 2008, ''[[ABC News]]'' and the ''[[Army Times]]'' reported that Franks charged $100,000 to the charitable [[Coalition to Salute America's Heroes]] to use his name to raise money for wounded soldiers. The charity has been criticized by Congressional investigators and watchdog groups because only 25% of the money found its way to wounded veterans, much less than the industry standard of 85%. [[Roger Chapin]], president of the charity, and his wife collected $1.5 million in salary for two years, paid his $17,000 membership in a California golf club, reimbursed them for more than $340,000 in expenses for meals, hotels and entertainment, and purchased them a $444,600 condominium in northern Virginia. Because of these problems, Franks ended his support for the group in late 2005.<ref>{{cite web
*The [[Business Plot]], a conspiracy of American wealthy industrial titans to hire a private army of 500,000 troops to overthrow the presidency of Franklin Roosevelt and create a fascist dictatorship in the United States.
|date=[[January 17]], [[2008]]
*The use of the [[Patriot Act]] in the United States (9/11)
|author= [[Brian Ross|Ross, Brian]]
*The state of emergency in [[Indira Gandhi]]'s rule of India after convicted of election fraud
|url= http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/Story?id=4149437&page=1
*The United States [[Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge debate|knew in advance of the attacks on Pearl Harbor]], and [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|President Roosevelt]] used the attacks as a "legitimate" reason for entering World War II.
|title= Gen. Tommy Franks Paid $100,000 To Endorse 'F' Veterans Charity
*[[Operation Northwoods]], a proposed series of [[false flag]] operations to be used as a pretext for an invasion of [[Cuba]], was signed off by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, but rejected by President Kennedy shortly before his [[John F. Kennedy assassination|assassination]].
|publisher= [[ABC News]]
*The [[Gulf of Tonkin Incident]] led President Johnson to escalate U.S. hostilities in Vietnam
|accessdate=2008-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
*The [[Federal Reserve Act]], designed to regulate bankers, was written on a private island off the coast of Georgia in 1910 by bankers representing the JP Morgan, Rockefeller, and Rothschild interests. This act gave the top international bankers the power to control and manipulate the United States money supply and therefore the economy.
|date=[[January 18]], [[2008]]
*The United States government knew in advance of the attacks on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon ([[9/11]]), the Bush administration created the attacks as a "legitimate" reason to enter Afghanistan, and later Iraq. It is also thought that the US may use similar reasoning to invade Iran, Lebanon and other countries in the Middle East as a foothold for the new world order.
|author= Jowers, Karen
|url= http://www.armytimes.com/news/2008/01/military_charity_080117w/
|title= Charity draws fire for paying generals
|publisher= [[Army Times]]
|accessdate=2008-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|date=[[January 18]], [[2008]]
|author= Rucker, Philip
|url= http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/17/AR2008011703620.html
|title= Chief of Veterans Charities Grilled on Groups' Spending
|publisher= [[Washington Post]]
|accessdate=2008-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|date=[[December 21]], [[2007]]
|author= Barrett, William P.
|url= http://www.forbes.com/business/2007/12/21/chapin-fundraising-veterans-biz-cz_bb_1221chapin.html
|title= Charitable Taking
|publisher= [[Forbes]]
|accessdate=2008-01-20}}</ref> [[Bob Schieffer]], host of [[CBS]]'s ''[[Face the Nation]]'', criticized Franks, saying, "What kind of PERSON would insist, or even ALLOW himself, to be paid to raise money for those who were wounded while serving under him? Franks says he severed his connection to the fundraiser ... [b]ut doesn't he owe the troops a little more than that?"</blockquote><ref>{{cite web
|date=[[January 20]], [[2008]]
|author= [[Bob Schieffer|Schieffer, Bob]]
|url= http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/01/20/opinion/schieffer/main3732773.shtml
|title= The Follies Of Fundraising
|publisher=
|accessdate=2008-01-20}}</ref>


==See also==
Other new world order conspiracy theorists see the conspiracy at work in [[globalization]], or in the various intellectual movements evolved from [[Marxism]], ranging from [[social democracy]] to the [[Frankfurt School]]. These are thought to be intended to homogenize cultures and values by political normalization, as in the [[European Union]] and [[African Union]]'s gradual "communitarian construction" scheme of a common economic and legal framework.
{{portal|United States Army|United States Department of the Army Seal.svg}}


==References==
==Postulated implementations==
{{reflist}}
Just as there are several overlapping and even conflicting theories among conspiracy theorists about the nature of the New World Order, so are there several beliefs about how its architects and planners will implement it. For each theory, there is another which states that it has already happened:


==External links==
===Gradual takeover through economic colonialism===
{{commons}}
One conspiracy theory is that the New World Order is being implemented gradually, citing the foundation of the [[Federal Reserve]] bank; [[Manifest Destiny|American Imperialism]] and economic [[Colonialism]], the formation of the [[United Nations]]; the formation of the [[World Health Organization]], the [[World Bank]] and the [[World Trade Organization]]; the formation of the [[European Union]] and the [[Euro]] currency; the formations of the [[North American Union]] and the [[Amero]] currency, the [[Middle East Free Trade Area]], the [[African Union]], and the various [[Middle East peace process]]es as major milestones.{{Fact|date=December 2007}}
*[http://www.armytimes.com/news/2008/01/military_charity_080117w/ Gen. Tommy Franks paid $100,000 out of money donated for wounded veterans.] Army Times, Jan. 18, 2008
*[http://www.cnn.com/2001/US/10/24/ret.franks/ Gen. Tom Franks: A silent partner in Operation Enduring Freedom] - CNN, October 24, 2001
*[http://www.guardian.co.uk/waronterror/story/0,1361,590822,00.html General Tommy Franks] - UK ''Guardian'', November 9, 2001
*[http://www.harpercollins.com/authors/27850/General_Tommy_R_Franks/index.aspx?WT.mc_id=WIKI_AUTH_FRANKS_041307 Official publisher web page for ''American Soldier'']
*[http://www.thetruthseeker.co.uk/article.asp?ID=562 - the truth seeker, 07/03/2003]
*[http://www.tommyfranks.com/Index.shtml Franks & Associates LLC &mdash; About General Franks]


{{start box}}
In particular, Alex Jones claims, in his movie Endgame, that the European Union, the North American Union and other similar economic unions are implementations of the New World Order, orchestrated by the [[Bilderberg Group]].<ref>[http://video.google.fr/videoplay?docid=1070329053600562261 Endgame : Blueprint for Global Enslavment]</ref>
{{succession box|

title=Commander-in-Chief of United States Central Command|
===Military coup===
before=[[Anthony Zinni]]|
The understanding of some conspiracy theorists is that the New World Order will be created by a [[military coup]], using [[United Nations|UN]] and possibly American troops, against all the nations of the world to bring about a singular world government. Before year 2000 some conspiracists believed this process would be set in motion by the predicted [[Y2K]] computer crisis causing widespread social disorder.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1998/09/98/conspiracy_-_radio_5_live/185161.stm | title = Death to the New World Order | accessdate = 2006-06-24 | author = BBC News Special Report |date=1998-10-05 | language = English}}</ref>
years=2000 &ndash; 2003 |

after=[[John Abizaid]]
===Chemtrails and MK-Ultra===
Other components proposed by some conspiracy theorists{{Who|date=October 2008}} include the dispersal of chemicals into the atmosphere via aircraft in the [[Chemtrail conspiracy theory]] and [[CIA]] [[mind control]] experiments performed under the code name [[MK-ULTRA]].{{Fact|date=September 2008}}

===UPC marking and RFID tagging===
Some conspiracy theorists from the [[Christian]] community believe that the New World Order is the rulership of Earth by the [[Anti-Christ]], and identify the coming of Satan's reign with the mark of the beast mentioned specifically in the [[Book of Revelation]] (see [[Wikisource:Bible (King James)/Revelation#Chapter 13|Revelation 13:16]]). Because the Mark of the Beast is linked to the act of "buying and selling", this mark has been at various times considered identical with the collection of sales tax, the use of Social Security card numbers, and the bar-coding of retail goods with [[Universal Product Code|UPC]] (Universal Product Code) markings. Current theorists have implicated [[Radio-frequency identification|RFID tagging]] as well. [[Katherine Albrecht]] and [[Liz McIntyre]], authors of ''Spychips: How Major Corporations and Government Plan to Track Your Every Move with RFID'', wrote a new book on the subject from a Christian perspective.<ref> Albrecht & McIntyre (2006). ''The Spychips Threat: Why Christians Should Resist RFID and Electronic Surveillance'', Tennessee: Nelson Current ISBN 1595550216 </ref> [[Mark Dice|John Conner]], leader of an organization called "The Resistance of Christ" (and the leader of the human resistance movement known as [[Tech-Com]]) also believes there is a strong connection. Related subjects include [[eschatology]] (last things) and [[dispensationalism]].<ref>{{cite web | author=Gilbert, Alorie| year=2006| title=is RFID the mark of the beast? | work=News.com| url=http://news.com.com/2061-10786_3-5579795.html | accessdate=2006-12-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author=Brown, Jim| year=2005| title=Group Fears RFID Chips Could Herald 'Mark of the Beast' | work=Agape Press| url=http://headlines.agapepress.org/archive/3/292005f.asp | accessdate=2006-12-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author=Baard, Mark| year=2006| title=RFID: Sign of the (End) Times? | work=Wired.com| url=http://www.wired.com/news/culture/0,70308-0.html | accessdate=2006-12-18}}</ref>

==="The Externalization of the Hierarchy"===
In [[Alice Bailey]]'s conspiracy theories (see above), a group called the [[Great White Brotherhood]] works on the "inner planes" to oversee humanity's transition to the New World Order. At present, the members of this [[Spiritual Hierarchy]] are only know­n to a few people, with whom they communicate telepathically, but as the need for their personal involvement in the plan increases, there will be an "Externalization of the Hierarchy" and all people will know of their presence on Earth.{{Fact|date=April 2007}}

==See also==
* [[Alex Jones (radio)|Alex Jones]]
* [[Bilderberg Group]]
* [[Bohemian Grove]]
* [[Daniel Estulin]]
* [[Extraordinary rendition]]
* [[Jeff Rense]]
* [[Main Core]]
* [[Military-industrial complex]]
* [[Nesta Webster]]
* [[Philip Schneider]]
* [[RFID]]
* [[Shadow government]]
* [[Skull and Bones]]
* [[Fourth Reich]]
* [[The Man]]
* [[Underground government]]
* [[NSPD-51]]

==Literature promoting belief in a New World Order conspiracy==
*{{cite book |
last = Cuddy |
first Dennis |
oriyear = 1994 |
year = 1999 |
title = Secret Records Revealed: The Men, The Money and The Methods Behind the New World Order |
publisher = Hearthstone Publishing, Ltd. |
id = ISBN 1-57558-031-4
}}
}}
*{{cite book |
{{succession box|
title=Commanding General of the [[Third United States Army]]|
last = Abraham |
before= [[Robert R. Ivany]] |
first = Larry |
years= 1997 &ndash; 2000 |
origyear = 1971 |
after= [[Paul T. Mikolashek]]
year = 1988 |
title = Call it Conspiracy |
publisher = Double a Publications |
id = ISBN 0-9615550-1-7
}}
}}
{{end box}}
*{{cite book |
last = Still |
first = William T. |
year = 1990 |
title = New World Order: The Ancient Plan of Secret Societies |
publisher = Huntington House Publishers |
id = ISBN 0-910311-64-1
}}
*{{cite book |
last = Cooper |
first = Milton William |
authorlink = William Milton Cooper |
title = Behold a Pale Horse |
year = 1991 |
publisher = Light Technology Publications |
id = ISBN 0-929385-22-5
}}
*{{cite book |
last = Robertson |
first = Pat |
authorlink = Pat Robertson |
title = The New World Order |
year = 1992 |
publisher = W Publishing Group |
id = ISBN 0-8499-3394-3
}}
*{{cite book |
last = Wardner |
first = James |
origyear = 1993 |
year = 1994 |
title = The Planned Destruction of America |
publisher = Longwood Communications |
id = ISBN 0-9632190-5-7
}}
*{{cite book |
last = Keith |
first = Jim |
authorlink = Jim Keith |
year = 1995 |
title = Black Helicopters over America: Strikeforce for the New World Order |
publisher = Illuminet Press |
id = ISBN 1-881532-05-4
}}
*{{cite book |
last = Jones |
first = Alan B. |
origyear = 1997 |
year = 2001 |
title = Secrecy or Freedom? |
publisher = ABJ Press |
id = ISBN 0-9640848-2-1
}}
*{{cite book |
last = Gray |
first = John |
origyear = 1998 |
year = 2000 |
title = [[False Dawn: The Delusions of Global Capitalism]] |
publisher = New Press |
id = ISBN 1-56584-592-7
}}
*{{cite book |
last = Bearden |
first = Tom |
origyear = 2000 |
year = 2004 |
title = Energy from the Vacuum: Concepts & Principles |
publisher = [http://www.cheniere.org Cheniere Press] |
id = ISBN 0-9725146-0-0
}}
*{{cite book |
last = Marrs |
first = Jim |
orgyear = 2001 |
year = 2001 |
title = Rule by Secrecy: The Hidden History That Connects the Trilateral Commission, the Freemasons, and the Great Pyramids |
publisher = [http://www.harpercollins.com/ HarperCollins] |
id = ISBN 0-06-093184-1
}}
* Lina, Jüri, "Under the Sign of the Scorpion: The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empira", Stockholm, 2002 (Second, Enlarged Edition).
* Lina, Jüri. ''Architects of Deception: the Concealed History of Freemasonry''. Stockholm, 2004, originally written in Swedish, title "Världbyggarnas bedrägeri: frimurarnas dolda historia".
* Madisson, Tiit. ''New World Order: The Concealed Acting of Judaists and Freemasons at Subdueing the World's Nations and Countries'', written in [[Estonian language|Estonian]], original title: "Maailma Uus Kord: judaistide ja vabamüürlaste varjatud tegevus rahvaste ning riikide allutamisel". Lihula, 2004.
* [[Wilson, Robert Anton]]. ''Everything is Under Control: Conspiracies, Cults, and Cover-Ups''. New York: 1998, Harper-Perennial.
*{{cite book |
last = Bollier |
first = David |
orgyear = 2005 |
year = 2005 |
title = Brand Name Bullies: The Quest to Own and Control Culture |
publisher = Wiley |
id = ISBN 0471679275
}}
*[[Tedford, Cody]]. Powerful Secrets. Hannover, 2008. ISBN 1-4241-9263-3

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.conspiracyarchive.com Illuminati Conspiracy Archive]
*[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=8259800846851144110 U.S. President George H.W. Bush's New World Order speech]
*[http://www.slate.com/id/2176185/nav/tap3/ Who will rule the country after the next 9/11?]
*[http://www.antinworadio.info Anti-New World Order Radio]

{{Conspiracy theories}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Franks, Tommy}}
[[Category:Eschatology]]
[[Category:Conspiracy theories]]
[[Category:United States Army generals]]
[[Category:American military personnel of the Vietnam War]]
[[Category:American military personnel of the Iraq War]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Purple Heart medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Bronze Star medal]]
[[Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Legion of Merit]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:People from Texas]]
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Midland, Texas]]
[[Category:University of Texas at Arlington alumni]]
[[Category:People from Garvin County, Oklahoma]]


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Revision as of 11:26, 10 October 2008

Tommy Ray Franks
General Tommy Franks
USA, as CENTCOM Commander
AllegianceUnited States of America
Service/branchUnited States Army
Years of service1967-2003
RankGeneral
Commands held2nd Battalion, 78th Field Artillery
82nd Field Artillery Regiment
2nd Infantry Division
Third United States Army
United States Central Command
Battles/warsVietnam War
Operation Desert Shield
Operation Desert Storm
Operation Enduring Freedom
Operation Iraqi Freedom
AwardsDefense Distinguished Service Medal
Army Distinguished Service Medal (2)
Legion of Merit (4)
Bronze Star (3)
Purple Heart (3)
Air Medal
Army Commendation Medal
Army Staff Identification Badge
Aircraft Crewmember's Badge
Presidential Medal of Freedom
Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire

General Tommy Ray Franks, United States Army (Ret.) KBE (Honorary) (born June 17, 1945 in Wynnewood, Oklahoma) is a retired General in the United States Army. His last Army post was as the Commander of the United States Central Command, overseeing United States Armed Forces operations in a 25-country region, including the Middle East. Franks succeeded General Anthony Zinni to this position on July 6, 2000 and served until his retirement on July 7, 2003.

Franks was the U.S. general leading the attack on the Taliban in Afghanistan in response to the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon. He also led the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the overthrow of Saddam Hussein.

Early life

Born Tommy Ray Bentley in Oklahoma, and adopted by Ray and Lorene "Pete" Parker Franks, Tommy Franks graduated from Robert E. Lee High School in Midland, Texas. He attended the University of Texas at Austin and joined the Delta Upsilon Fraternity. He dropped out of college after two years due to subpar grades.[1]

Military career

Franks enlisted in the Army in 1965 and attended basic training at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. After completing basic training, he received training as a cryptologic analyst at Fort Devens, Massachusetts. PFC Franks was later selected to attend The U.S. Army Artillery and Missile Officer Candidate School (USAAMOCS), Fort Sill, Oklahoma and was commissioned a second lieutenant in 1967. After an initial tour as a battery Assistant Executive Officer at Fort Sill, he was assigned to the US 9th Infantry Division, Republic of Vietnam, where he served as Forward Observer, Aerial Observer, and Assistant S-3 with 2nd Battalion, 4th Field Artillery. He also served as Fire Support Officer with 5th Battalion (mechanized), 60th Infantry during this tour.

In 1968, Franks returned to Fort Sill, where he commanded a cannon battery in the Artillery Training Center. In 1969, he was selected to participate in the Army's "Boot Strap Degree Completion Program," and subsequently attended the University of Texas at Arlington, where he graduated with a degree in Business Administration in 1971. Following attendance at the Artillery Advance Course, he was assigned to the Second Armored Cavalry Regiment in West Germany in 1973, where he commanded the 1st Squadron Howitzer Battery and served as Squadron S-3. He also commanded the 84th Armored Engineer Company, and served as Regimental Assistant S-3 during this tour.

Franks, after graduating from the Armed Forces Staff College, was posted to The Pentagon in 1976, where he served as an Army Inspector General in the Investigations Division. In 1977 he was assigned to the Office of the Chief of Staff, Army where he served on the Congressional Activities Team, and subsequently as an Executive Assistant.

In 1981, Franks returned to West Germany where he commanded 2nd Battalion, 78th Field Artillery for three years. He returned to the United States in 1984 to attend the Army War College at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where he also completed graduate studies and received a Master of Science Degree in Public Administration at Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania. He was next assigned to Fort Hood, Texas, as III Corps Deputy Assistant G3, a position he held until 1987 when he assumed command of Division Artillery, US 1st Cavalry Division. He also served as Chief of Staff, 1st Cavalry Division during this tour.

His initial general officer assignment was Assistant Division Commander (Maneuver), 1st Cavalry Division during Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm. During 1991-1992, he was assigned as Assistant Commandant of the Field Artillery School at Fort Sill. In 1992, he was assigned to Fort Monroe, Virginia as the first Director, Louisiana Maneuvers Task Force, Office of Chief of Staff of the Army, a position held until 1994 when he was reassigned to South Korea as the CJG3 of Combined Forces Command and U.S. Forces Korea.

From 1995-1997, General Franks commanded the US 2nd Infantry Division, Korea. He assumed command of Third (U.S.) Army/Army Forces Central Command in Atlanta, Ga. in May 1997, a post he held until June 2000 when he was selected for promotion to general and assignment as Commander in Chief, United States Central Command.

General Franks' awards include the Defense Distinguished Service Medal; Distinguished Service Medal (two awards); Legion of Merit (four awards); Bronze Star with Valor device and two oak leaf clusters; Purple Heart (two oak leaf clusters); Air Medal with Valor device; Army Commendation Medal with Valor device; and a number of U.S. and foreign service awards. He wears the Army Staff Identification Badge and the Aircraft Crewmember's Badge. He is a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire. In 2004, President George W. Bush awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

General Franks' retirement was announced on May 22, 2003. Secretary Donald Rumsfeld reportedly offered him the position of Army Chief of Staff, but he declined.

Iraq troop levels and conduct of the Iraq War

In their book, COBRA II, military correspondent Michael R. Gordon and military historian and retired Marine Corps general Bernard Trainor argue that Franks failed to recognize the threat the Saddam Fedayeen irregular fighters posed to the invading ground forces in 2003 and their potential to form the core of a post-war insurgency. For instance, in their book, they make a disputed claim that Franks threatened to fire General William Wallace, commander of the Army's V Corps, for his comments to the press during that war where he said that the enemy the U.S. was facing was different from the enemy the military had planned against.

Franks rejected the critical comments on the TV program "Hardball with Chris Matthews" on April 17, 2006. When asked to respond to the book's claims, he said, "Well, I don't know that I would hold myself to a standard to try to help the retired admiral, you know, sell his book". Franks pointed to a study published by U.S. Joint Forces Command. He says the study shows that there is no linkage between the Fedayeen and the insurgency present in Iraq today. He agrees with their assessment, which would discredit COBRA II's notion that his failure to take the Fedayeen seriously during the invasion of Iraq contributed to the post-war insurgency.[2]

The authors also suggest that Franks was worn down by repeated pressure from U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld to reduce the number of U.S. troops in war plans and cancel the deployment of the 1st Cavalry Division, a scheduled follow-on unit that was slated for deployment in April 2003. (New York Times: Dash to Baghdad Left Top US Generals Divided 13 March 2006) More generally, they argue Franks' command was somewhat understandably focused on the immediate task in front of it -- defeating Saddam Hussein and taking Baghdad -- and few were willing to divert resources away from that effort and toward the long-term post-war needs.

The writers also question his decision during the war to keep sealift ships carrying the equipment for the 4th Infantry Division (Mechanized) at sea instead of bringing the equipment ashore in Kuwait sooner so the division could have entered Iraq earlier than it did to add to the force levels in post-war Iraq. Franks argues that by keeping the ships at sea the Iraqis were deceived into believing a U.S. attack was yet to come from the north through Turkey, though Colin Powell and others have questioned his view (Plan of Attack, Bob Woodward, 2004).

Franks wanted to retire after the major combat phase of the war, tired from having planned for and prosecuted two major wars and led a war on terrorism since September 2001. As a result, Gordon and Trainor argue he was slow to act during the crucial months following the fall of Baghdad. They suggest there was a leadership void at U.S. Central Command because his two deputies, LtGen "Rifle" DeLong and LTG "Mad Arab" Abizaid, were at odds with each other until General John Abizaid succeeded Franks in the middle of the summer of 2003. LtGen Mike DeLong retired with a bitter taste in his mouth and wrote his own book regarding the leadership failures in the headquarters. They also note that there was a command transition in Iraq as V Corps and General Ricardo Sanchez took command of U.S. forces in Iraq without being fully resourced and trained for the mission in advance. (COBRA II Gordon and Trainor 2006)

In Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq, veteran defense and Pentagon reporter Thomas E. Ricks echoes criticism from officers who had served under Franks who put forth that, while tactically sound, he lacked the strategic mindset and overall intellect necessary for the task. Some close to him argued he was more thoughtful than he seemed, was aware that Secretary Rumsfeld and his staff were unable to discuss the Iraq War in military terms and had an obligation to put forth stronger objections to the civilian control of military planning. While demanding and goal oriented he was also criticized for being unwilling to countenance alternate viewpoints and for detaching himself from day-to-day affairs when the ground war ceased and he prepared for retirement.

Franks currently resides in Roosevelt, Oklahoma.

Statements on nuclear attack against the United States

According to Time magazine, on November 21, 2003, Tommy Franks said that in the event of another terrorist attack, American Constitutional liberties might be discarded by popular demand in favor of a military state. Discussing the hypothetical dangers posed to the U.S. in the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks, Franks said that “the worst thing that could happen” is if terrorists acquire and then use a biological, chemical or nuclear weapon that inflicts heavy casualties.

If that happens, Franks said, “... the Western world, the free world, loses what it cherishes most, and that is freedom and liberty we’ve seen for a couple of hundred years in this grand experiment that we call democracy.”

Franks then offered “in a practical sense” what he thinks would happen in the aftermath of such an attack.

“It means the potential of a weapon of mass destruction and a terrorist, massive, casualty-producing event somewhere in the Western world – it may be in the United States of America – that causes our population to question our own Constitution and to begin to militarize our country in order to avoid a repeat of another mass, casualty-producing event. Which in fact, then begins to unravel the fabric of our Constitution."

On the United States' not finding WMD in Iraq

"No one was more surprised than I that we didn't find (WMD's)," said Franks on December 2, 2005.[3]

Corporate career

Since 2003, General Franks has operated Franks & Associates LLC, a private consulting firm, active in the disaster recovery industry. In June 2006, General Franks formed a partnership with Innovative Decon Solutions, Disaster recovery.[4]

In December 2005, Franks was appointed to the Bank of America board of directors. He also sits on OSI Restaurant Partners's board of directors.

In December 2004, General Franks became a spokesman for Teen Arrive Alive, which is a company that uses GPS in cellular phones to tell parents how fast their teenage children are driving.

Following his retirement, General Franks published his memoirs in the best-selling book American Soldier.

General Franks endorsed President George W. Bush for re-election on August 31 2004, speaking at the Republican Convention in New York.

Franks was considered to replace former Oklahoma State University President David J. Schmidly when Schmidly took the position as the President of the University of New Mexico.

Promotions

  • 2LT - 1967
  • 1LT -
  • CPT -
  • MAJ -
  • LTC -
  • COL -
  • BG -
  • MG -
  • LTG -May 30,1997
  • GEN -July 6,2000

Controversy

In January 2008, ABC News and the Army Times reported that Franks charged $100,000 to the charitable Coalition to Salute America's Heroes to use his name to raise money for wounded soldiers. The charity has been criticized by Congressional investigators and watchdog groups because only 25% of the money found its way to wounded veterans, much less than the industry standard of 85%. Roger Chapin, president of the charity, and his wife collected $1.5 million in salary for two years, paid his $17,000 membership in a California golf club, reimbursed them for more than $340,000 in expenses for meals, hotels and entertainment, and purchased them a $444,600 condominium in northern Virginia. Because of these problems, Franks ended his support for the group in late 2005.[5][6][7][8] Bob Schieffer, host of CBS's Face the Nation, criticized Franks, saying, "What kind of PERSON would insist, or even ALLOW himself, to be paid to raise money for those who were wounded while serving under him? Franks says he severed his connection to the fundraiser ... [b]ut doesn't he owe the troops a little more than that?"[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Texas general takes sharpest of minds into Iraq conflict". The Associated Press. 2003-03-09. Retrieved 2008-04-10.
  2. ^ Transcript
  3. ^ "General Tommy Franks Won't Back Up Hannity's Iraq Fantasy" Reported by Ellen - December 2, 2005
  4. ^ "www.idsint.com". Retrieved 2007-09-27. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  5. ^ Ross, Brian (January 17, 2008). "Gen. Tommy Franks Paid $100,000 To Endorse 'F' Veterans Charity". ABC News. Retrieved 2008-01-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ Jowers, Karen (January 18, 2008). "Charity draws fire for paying generals". Army Times. Retrieved 2008-01-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ Rucker, Philip (January 18, 2008). "Chief of Veterans Charities Grilled on Groups' Spending". Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-01-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ Barrett, William P. (December 21, 2007). "Charitable Taking". Forbes. Retrieved 2008-01-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ Schieffer, Bob (January 20, 2008). "The Follies Of Fundraising". Retrieved 2008-01-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

External links

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Preceded by Commander-in-Chief of United States Central Command
2000 – 2003 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commanding General of the Third United States Army
1997 – 2000 		Succeeded by
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