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|predecessor4= [[Fredrik Thorsson]]
|predecessor4= [[Fredrik Thorsson]]
|successor4= Henric Tamm
|successor4= Henric Tamm
| office5= Minister of Trade
| office5= [[Minister of Commerce and Industry (Sweden)|Minister of Commerce and Industry]]
| term_start5= 14 October 1924
| term_start5= 14 October 1924
| term_end5= 24 January 1925
| term_end5= 24 January 1925
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|alma_mater = [[Uppsala University]]
|alma_mater = [[Uppsala University]]
}}
}}
'''Rickard Johannes Sandler''' (29 January 1884 – 12 November 1964) was a Swedish [[Swedish Social Democratic Party|Social Democratic]] [[politician]]. He served as [[Minister without Portfolio|minister without portfolio]] in the [[Government of Sweden|Swedish government]] from 10 March 1920 to 30 June 1920, [[Minister for Finance (Sweden)|minister for finance]] from 1 July 1920 to 27 October 1920, minister without portfolio from 13 October 1921 to 19 April 1923, [[Minister of Commerce and Industry (Sweden)|minister of commerce and industry]] from 14 October 1924 to 24 January 1925, [[Prime Minister of Sweden|Prime Minister]] from 24 January 1925 to 7 June 1926,<ref>{{cite web

|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Sweden.html|title=Sweden|publisher=World Statesmen|language=sv|access-date=22 December 2014}}</ref> and as [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Sweden)|minister for foreign affairs]] from 24 September 1932 to 19 June 1936 and again from 28 September 1936 to 13 December 1939. Sandler is the only social democratic prime minister who did not also hold the post of party chairman. He is also the second-youngest prime minister of Sweden, aged 41 when he took office.
'''Rickard Johannes Sandler''' (29 January 1884 – 12 November 1964) was a Swedish [[Swedish Social Democratic Party|Social Democratic]] [[politician]]. He served as
[[Minister without Portfolio]] in the [[Government of Sweden|Swedish government]] from 10 March 1920 to 30 June 1920, [[Minister for Finance (Sweden)|Minister for Finance]] from 1 July 1920 to 27 October 1920, Minister without Portfolio from 13 October 1921 to 19 April 1923, [[Minister for Trade (Sweden)|Minister for Trade]] from 14 October 1924 to 24 January 1925, [[Prime Minister of Sweden|Prime Minister]] from 24 January 1925 to 7 June 1926,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Sweden.html|title=Sweden|publisher=World Statesmen|language=sv|access-date=22 December 2014}}</ref> and as [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Sweden)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]] from 24 September 1932 to 19 June 1936 and again from 28 September 1936 to 13 December 1939. Sandler is the only Swedish Social Democratic Prime Minister who did not also hold the post of party chairman. He is also the second-youngest Prime Minister of Sweden, aged 41 when he took office.


==Early life and career==
==Early life and career==
Rickard Sandler was born in [[Torsåker Parish, Diocese of Härnösand|Torsåker]] [[parish]] (now [[Kramfors Municipality]]), [[Västernorrland County]]. His father Johan Sandler was a [[headmaster]] at a [[folk high school]] and later a [[Member of Parliament]]. After receiving a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree from [[Uppsala University]], Rickard Sandler became a teacher at a folk high school in [[Kramfors]] (where his father was headmaster) and another in [[Brunnsvik]]. After joining the [[Swedish Social Democratic Youth League]], Sandler's political career took off. He received a [[Licentiate of Arts]] degree in 1911 at the age of 26, after which he became a member of the board of the [[Swedish Social Democratic Party|Social Democratic Party]], and would remain a member until 1952. In 1917 he became editor-in-chief for ''Ny Tid'', a [[social democracy|social democratic]] newspaper in [[Gothenburg]].
Rickard Sandler was born in [[Torsåker Parish, Diocese of Härnösand|Torsåker]] [[parish]] (now [[Kramfors Municipality]]), [[Västernorrland County]]. His father Johan Sandler was a [[headmaster]] at a [[folk high school]] and later a [[Member of Parliament]]. After receiving a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree from [[Uppsala University]], Rickard Sandler became a teacher at a folk high school in [[Kramfors]] (where his father was headmaster) and another in [[Brunnsvik]]. After joining the [[Swedish Social Democratic Youth League]], Sandler's political career took off. He received a [[Licentiate of Arts]] degree in 1911 at the age of 26, after which he became a member of the board of the [[Swedish Social Democratic Party|Social Democratic Party]], and would remain a member until 1952. In 1917 he became editor-in-chief for ''[[Ny Tid (Gothenburg)|Ny Tid]]'', a social democratic newspaper in [[Gothenburg]].


==Rise in politics==
==Rise in politics==
In 1918, in the government of [[Prime Minister of Sweden|Prime Minister]] [[Nils Edén]], Sandler became [[Secretary of State]] to the [[Finance minister|Minister of Finance]], [[Fredrik Thorsson]]. He continued in the same capacity when [[Hjalmar Branting]] became Prime Minister in 1920. In 1921 when Thorsson went on to start the new Ministry of Trade, Sandler took his place as the Minister of Finance, a capacity he held until 1923. In Hjalmar Brantings second government (1921 &ndash; 1923), Sandler was a [[Minister without Portfolio]], and in the third the Minister of Trade. He took the latter position after some persuasion, as he was intent to take up a job as the headmaster of the folk high school in Brunnsvik.
In 1918, in the government of Prime Minister [[Nils Edén]], Sandler became [[secretary of state]] to the minister for finance, [[Fredrik Thorsson]]. He continued in the same capacity when [[Hjalmar Branting]] became prime minister in 1920. In 1921 when Thorsson went on to start the new [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Sweden)|Ministry of Commerce and Industry]], Sandler took his place as the minister of finance, a capacity he held until 1923. In Hjalmar Brantings second government (1921 &ndash; 1923), Sandler was a [[minister without portfolio]], and in the third the minister of commerce and industry. He took the latter position after some persuasion, as he was intent to take up a job as the headmaster of the folk high school in Brunnsvik.


==As Prime Minister==
==As Prime Minister==
When Hjalmar Branting became ill and left office before his death in February 1925, and Fredrik Thorsson who was a likely candidate to replace Branting as Prime Minister also fell sick and died, Sandler was appointed Prime Minister, at the age of 41.
When Hjalmar Branting became ill and left office before his death in February 1925, and Fredrik Thorsson who was a likely candidate to replace Branting as prime minister also fell sick and died, Sandler was appointed to the post at the age of 41.


As Prime Minister, Sandler had to deal with the issue of reducing the Swedish military, as had been promised during the election campaign. He was supported by the [[Freeminded People's Party (Sweden)|Freeminded People's Party]] in what became the largest disarmament in Sweden. Following disarmament, the issue of unemployment came into focus when the government annulled a decision by the Unemployment Commission (''arbetslöshetskommissionen'') to deny payment to workers at the Stripa mine who were on strike. The [[Liberalism|liberal]] and [[Conservatism|conservative]] parties, who held the majority seats in the ''Riksdag'' (parliament), disagreed with the government, called for a [[vote of no confidence]], and defeated the government. The 1928 elections saw [[Arvid Lindman]] of the conservative General Electoral League becoming the Prime Minister.
As Prime Minister, Sandler had to deal with the issue of reducing the Swedish military, as had been promised during the election campaign. He was supported by the [[Freeminded People's Party (Sweden)|Freeminded People's Party]] in what became the largest disarmament in Sweden. Following disarmament, the issue of unemployment came into focus when the government annulled a decision by the Unemployment Commission (''arbetslöshetskommissionen'') to deny payment to workers at the Stripa mine who were on strike. The [[Liberalism|liberal]] and [[Conservatism|conservative]] parties, who held the majority seats in the Riksdag (parliament), disagreed with the government, called for a [[vote of no confidence]], and defeated the government. The 1928 elections saw [[Arvid Lindman]] of the conservative General Electoral League becoming the prime minister.


==Foreign affairs==
==Foreign affairs==
[[Image:Rickard Sandler, 1937.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.1|Rickard Sandler on his way to meet [[George VI of the United Kingdom|King George VI]] in [[London]] in 1937. His wife Maria (Maja) Sandler on the left.]]
[[Image:Rickard Sandler, 1937.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.1|Rickard Sandler on his way to meet [[George VI of the United Kingdom|King George VI]] in [[London]] in 1937. His wife Maria (Maja) Sandler on the left.]]
Sandler returned to the government in 1932 as [[Minister of Foreign Affairs]], a post he held (except for a brief period in 1936) until 1939. Sandler left the government over a disagreement with the Prime Minister about the [[Winter War]]. Sandler wanted Sweden to actively help [[Finland]] after the [[Soviet Union]] had attacked it on 30 November 1939, a stance the Prime Minister did not hold.
Sandler returned to the government in 1932 as minister of foreign affairs, a post he held (except for a brief period in 1936) until 1939. Sandler left the government over a disagreement with the prime minister about the [[Winter War]]. Sandler wanted Sweden to actively help [[Finland]] after the [[Soviet Union]] had attacked it on 30 November 1939, a stance the prime minister did not hold.


Now a Member of Parliament, Sandler continued to be influential in Swedish foreign policy. In 1940 he became a member of the [[Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs]] (''utrikesutskottet''), and the chairman from 1946 to 1964. He was also a [[United Nations]] Delegate (1947 &ndash; 1960).<ref>{{in lang|sv}}[http://data.s-info.se/data_page/1465/documents/Partiledare_och_nyckelpersoner_i_SAP.pdf ''Partiledare''], PDF document from ''Socialdemokraterna - [http://www.s-info.se s-info.se]''</ref>
Now a deputy, Sandler continued to be influential in Swedish foreign policy. In 1940 he became a member of the [[Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs]] (''utrikesutskottet''), and the chairman from 1946 to 1964. He was also a [[United Nations]] Delegate (1947 &ndash; 1960).<ref>{{in lang|sv}}[http://data.s-info.se/data_page/1465/documents/Partiledare_och_nyckelpersoner_i_SAP.pdf ''Partiledare''], PDF document from ''Socialdemokraterna - [http://www.s-info.se s-info.se]''</ref>


==Other achievements==
==Other positions==
Sandler was Governor of [[Gävleborg County]] (1941 &ndash; 1952). He was chairman of several governmental inquiries, including the Socialization Committee (1920 &ndash; 1936), a commission appointed to audit the Swedish refugee policy during World War II, known as the Sandler Commission (1945 &ndash; 1947), and the Commission on the Constitution (1954 &ndash; 1963).
Sandler was governor of [[Gävleborg County]] (1941 &ndash; 1952). He was chairman of several governmental inquiries, including the Socialization Committee (1920 &ndash; 1936), a commission appointed to audit the Swedish refugee policy during [[World War II]], known as the Sandler Commission (1945 &ndash; 1947), and the Commission on the Constitution (1954 &ndash; 1963).


Sandler was one of the founders of The Workers' Enlightenment League (''[[Arbetarnas Bildningsförbund]]'' ABF) in 1912. He was the main writer of the Marxist-oriented party programme of the Social Democratic Party in 1920. He published the widely circulated statistical outline of social classes "The society as it is" (1911). Between 1926 and 1932 he was director of [[Statistics Sweden]] (''Statistiska centralbyrån''). Sandler translated ''[[Das Kapital]]'' by [[Karl Marx]] into [[Swedish language|Swedish]], and in 1943 he authored a book on literary and historic secret writings called ''Cipher''.
Sandler was one of the founders of The Workers' Enlightenment League (''[[Arbetarnas Bildningsförbund]]'' ABF) in 1912. He was the main writer of the Marxist-oriented party program of the Social Democratic Party in 1920. He published the widely circulated statistical outline of social classes "The society as it is" (1911). Between 1926 and 1932 he was director of [[Statistics Sweden]] (''Statistiska centralbyrån''). Sandler translated ''[[Das Kapital]]'' by [[Karl Marx]] into [[Swedish language|Swedish]], and in 1943 he authored a book on literary and historic secret writings called ''Cipher''.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>
*A major expansion of this article on June 23, 2006 was translated from the Swedish Wikipedia article, [[:sv:Rickard Sandler]].
*A major expansion of this article on 23 June 2006 was translated from the Swedish Wikipedia article, [[:sv:Rickard Sandler]].


== External links ==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Commons-inline}}
*[http://www.sweden.gov.se/sb/d/4136/a/26929 Government Offices of Sweden]
*[http://www.sweden.gov.se/sb/d/4136/a/26929 Government Offices of Sweden]
* {{PM20|FID=pe/024867}}
* {{PM20|FID=pe/024867}}
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{{s-off}}
{{succession box|title=[[Minister for Finance (Sweden)|Minister for Finance]]|before=[[Fredrik Thorsson]]|after=[[Henric Tamm]]|years=July – October 1920}}
{{succession box|title=[[Minister for Finance (Sweden)|Minister for Finance]]|before=[[Fredrik Thorsson]]|after=[[Henric Tamm]]|years=July – October 1920}}
{{succession box|title=[[Minister for Trade (Sweden)|Minister for Trade]]|before=[[Fredrik Thorsson]]|after=[[Henric Tamm]]|years=1924 – 1925}}
{{succession box|title=[[Minister of Commerce and Industry (Sweden)|Minister of Commerce and Industry]]|before=[[Fredrik Thorsson]]|after=[[Carl Svensson]]|years=1924 – 1925}}
{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Sweden|Prime Minister]]|before=[[Hjalmar Branting]]|after=[[Carl Gustaf Ekman]]|years=1925 – 1926}}
{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Sweden|Prime Minister]]|before=[[Hjalmar Branting]]|after=[[Carl Gustaf Ekman]]|years=1925 – 1926}}
{{succession box|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Sweden)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|before=[[Fredrik Ramel]]|after=[[Karl Gustaf Westman]]|years=1932 – 1936}}
{{succession box|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Sweden)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|before=[[Fredrik Ramel]]|after=[[Karl Gustaf Westman]]|years=1932 – 1936}}
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{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sandler, Rickard}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sandler, Rickard}}
[[Category:1884 births]]
[[Category:1884 births]]
[[Category:1964 deaths]]
[[Category:1964 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Kramfors Municipality]]
[[Category:People from Kramfors Municipality]]
[[Category:Swedish Social Democratic Party politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Riksdag from the Social Democrats]]
[[Category:Members of the Riksdag]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Sweden]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Sweden]]
[[Category:County governors of Sweden]]
[[Category:Governors of Gävleborg County]]
[[Category:Swedish Ministers for Finance]]
[[Category:Ministers of finance of Sweden]]
[[Category:Swedish Ministers for Foreign Affairs]]
[[Category:Swedish Ministers for Foreign Affairs]]
[[Category:Uppsala University alumni]]
[[Category:Uppsala University alumni]]
[[Category:Permanent Representatives of Sweden to the United Nations]]
[[Category:Permanent Representatives of Sweden to the United Nations]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]

Revision as of 21:55, 6 April 2024

Rickard Sandler
Prime Minister of Sweden
In office
24 January 1925 – 7 June 1926
MonarchGustaf V
Preceded byHjalmar Branting
Succeeded byCarl Gustaf Ekman
Minister for Foreign Affairs
In office
28 September 1936 – 13 December 1939
Prime MinisterPer-Albin Hansson
Preceded byKarl Gustaf Westman
Succeeded byChristian Günther
In office
24 September 1932 – 19 June 1936
Prime MinisterPer-Albin Hansson
Preceded byFredrik Ramel
Succeeded byKarl Gustaf Westman
Minister of Finance
In office
30 June 1920 – 27 October 1920
Prime MinisterHjalmar Branting
Preceded byFredrik Thorsson
Succeeded byHenric Tamm
Minister of Commerce and Industry
In office
14 October 1924 – 24 January 1925
Prime MinisterErnst Trygger
Hjalmar Branting
Preceded byFrederik Thorsson
Succeeded byHenric Tamm
Personal details
Born(1884-01-29)29 January 1884
Torsåker, Sweden
Died12 November 1964(1964-11-12) (aged 80)
Stockholm, Sweden
Political partySocial Democratic
SpouseMaria Lindberg
Alma materUppsala University

Rickard Johannes Sandler (29 January 1884 – 12 November 1964) was a Swedish Social Democratic politician. He served as minister without portfolio in the Swedish government from 10 March 1920 to 30 June 1920, minister for finance from 1 July 1920 to 27 October 1920, minister without portfolio from 13 October 1921 to 19 April 1923, minister of commerce and industry from 14 October 1924 to 24 January 1925, Prime Minister from 24 January 1925 to 7 June 1926,[1] and as minister for foreign affairs from 24 September 1932 to 19 June 1936 and again from 28 September 1936 to 13 December 1939. Sandler is the only social democratic prime minister who did not also hold the post of party chairman. He is also the second-youngest prime minister of Sweden, aged 41 when he took office.

Early life and career

Rickard Sandler was born in Torsåker parish (now Kramfors Municipality), Västernorrland County. His father Johan Sandler was a headmaster at a folk high school and later a Member of Parliament. After receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree from Uppsala University, Rickard Sandler became a teacher at a folk high school in Kramfors (where his father was headmaster) and another in Brunnsvik. After joining the Swedish Social Democratic Youth League, Sandler's political career took off. He received a Licentiate of Arts degree in 1911 at the age of 26, after which he became a member of the board of the Social Democratic Party, and would remain a member until 1952. In 1917 he became editor-in-chief for Ny Tid, a social democratic newspaper in Gothenburg.

Rise in politics

In 1918, in the government of Prime Minister Nils Edén, Sandler became secretary of state to the minister for finance, Fredrik Thorsson. He continued in the same capacity when Hjalmar Branting became prime minister in 1920. In 1921 when Thorsson went on to start the new Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Sandler took his place as the minister of finance, a capacity he held until 1923. In Hjalmar Brantings second government (1921 – 1923), Sandler was a minister without portfolio, and in the third the minister of commerce and industry. He took the latter position after some persuasion, as he was intent to take up a job as the headmaster of the folk high school in Brunnsvik.

As Prime Minister

When Hjalmar Branting became ill and left office before his death in February 1925, and Fredrik Thorsson who was a likely candidate to replace Branting as prime minister also fell sick and died, Sandler was appointed to the post at the age of 41.

As Prime Minister, Sandler had to deal with the issue of reducing the Swedish military, as had been promised during the election campaign. He was supported by the Freeminded People's Party in what became the largest disarmament in Sweden. Following disarmament, the issue of unemployment came into focus when the government annulled a decision by the Unemployment Commission (arbetslöshetskommissionen) to deny payment to workers at the Stripa mine who were on strike. The liberal and conservative parties, who held the majority seats in the Riksdag (parliament), disagreed with the government, called for a vote of no confidence, and defeated the government. The 1928 elections saw Arvid Lindman of the conservative General Electoral League becoming the prime minister.

Foreign affairs

Rickard Sandler on his way to meet King George VI in London in 1937. His wife Maria (Maja) Sandler on the left.

Sandler returned to the government in 1932 as minister of foreign affairs, a post he held (except for a brief period in 1936) until 1939. Sandler left the government over a disagreement with the prime minister about the Winter War. Sandler wanted Sweden to actively help Finland after the Soviet Union had attacked it on 30 November 1939, a stance the prime minister did not hold.

Now a deputy, Sandler continued to be influential in Swedish foreign policy. In 1940 he became a member of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs (utrikesutskottet), and the chairman from 1946 to 1964. He was also a United Nations Delegate (1947 – 1960).[2]

Other positions

Sandler was governor of Gävleborg County (1941 – 1952). He was chairman of several governmental inquiries, including the Socialization Committee (1920 – 1936), a commission appointed to audit the Swedish refugee policy during World War II, known as the Sandler Commission (1945 – 1947), and the Commission on the Constitution (1954 – 1963).

Sandler was one of the founders of The Workers' Enlightenment League (Arbetarnas Bildningsförbund ABF) in 1912. He was the main writer of the Marxist-oriented party program of the Social Democratic Party in 1920. He published the widely circulated statistical outline of social classes "The society as it is" (1911). Between 1926 and 1932 he was director of Statistics Sweden (Statistiska centralbyrån). Sandler translated Das Kapital by Karl Marx into Swedish, and in 1943 he authored a book on literary and historic secret writings called Cipher.

References

  1. ^ "Sweden" (in Swedish). World Statesmen. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
  2. ^ (in Swedish)Partiledare, PDF document from Socialdemokraterna - s-info.se
  • A major expansion of this article on 23 June 2006 was translated from the Swedish Wikipedia article, sv:Rickard Sandler.

External links

Political offices
Preceded by Minister for Finance
July – October 1920
Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Commerce and Industry
1924 – 1925
Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister
1925 – 1926
Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister for Foreign Affairs
1932 – 1936
Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister for Foreign Affairs
1936 – 1939
Succeeded by