Olof Palme

Olof Palme, 1974

Listen to Sven Olof Joachim Palme [ ˈuːlɔf ˈpalˌmɛ ] ^{? / i} (born January 30, 1927 in Stockholm ; † February 28, 1986 ibid) was a social democratic Swedish politician and two-time Prime Minister of Sweden (1969-1976 and 1982-1986). He was internationally regarded as a voice for disarmament and understanding and campaigned for the interests of the Third World .

Palme was murdered with a gun on February 28, 1986 after going to the cinema on the street in central Stockholm. The police groped in the dark for a long time, the drug addict Christer Pettersson (1947-2004) was found guilty in 1989, but later acquitted. An investigation group newly formed in 2017 announced in 2020 that Stig Engström was probably the culprit. Since he had already died, the proceedings and further investigations were discontinued.

Family and education

Olof Palme came from an upper-class , conservative and at the same time tolerant and cosmopolitan family with roots in Sweden, Finland and Latvia. His paternal grandfather was the general manager Sven Palme , his great-uncle the bank manager Henrik Palme . The family of his father, the general manager Gunnar Palme , came from the Netherlands . His mother Elisabeth von Knieriem was the daughter of the German-Baltic agricultural economist Woldemar von Knieriem . During the turmoil of the First World War , she broke off her medical studies in Germany. She followed her mother who was abducted to Russia and was allowed to leave for Sweden in 1915. In 1916 she married Gunnar Palme, who was politically active on the conservative side. He died of a heart attack at 44 when his son Olof was 6 years old. The historian Sven Ulric Palme was Olof Palme's cousin.

Olof Palme learned German and French as a child and attended the elite boarding school in Sigtuna and the Swedish Military Academy; he did his military service as a lieutenant in the cavalry . Through his mother's relationships, he began writing - unpaid - for the country's largest conservative newspaper, the Svenska Dagbladet , when he received a scholarship from the American-Scandinavian Foundation for Kenyon College in Gambier , USA. There he met Paul Newman , the politician William Bulger and the lawyer Henry Abraham , with whom he remained lifelong friends. On the weekends he visited factories and familiarized himself with the trade union movement. Within the one academic year 1947/48 he received his Bachelor of Arts with a thesis on the concept of freedom in Friedrich August von Hayek's The Road to Servitude and followed a few months in which he hitchhiked to 34 US states . The experience of the USA, according to his later self-assessment, gave him a strong sense of social inequality. In the autumn of 1948 Palme began studying law at Stockholm University , where he joined the Social Democratic Students' Association , and in 1952/53 he was chairman of the Swedish Student Union . He graduated with a Bachelor of Laws .

From 1949 to 1952 he was married to the Czech Jelena Rennerová. On June 9, 1956, Palme married the psychologist Lisbeth Beck-Friis (* March 14, 1931; † October 18, 2018); they had three sons.

Political career

Palm Tree, 1957

In 1953 he became secretary to Prime Minister Tage Erlander , who was 25 years his senior , with whom a close collaboration quickly developed. In 1963 Palme became State Councilor, in 1965 Minister of Transport and Minister of Education in 1967, and in October 1969 after Tage Erlander's resignation, he became party leader and his successor as Prime Minister.

Palme contributed to the implementation of the idea of ​​a “strong society” that had shaped Erlander's reform policy in the 1950s and 1960s. He initiated major family policy reforms, including equality in professional life, childcare and tax equality for spouses. In 1968 he demonstrated against the Vietnam War in Moscow . This led to the temporary withdrawal of the US ambassador from Sweden. After taking office as head of government in 1969, Palme tried to continue Erlander's policy, but encountered problems. On the one hand, the constitutional reform and the new parliamentary situation after the 1973 election made stable cooperation across the bloc borders difficult; on the other hand, economic problems, especially after the 1973 oil crisis , overshadowed social reform work. The union demand for the introduction of workers' funds intensified the differences with the bourgeois parties.

Palme was a proponent of nuclear power. He saw u. a. in what he sees as environmentally friendly technical development, the prerequisite for higher growth and a more egalitarian society. The nuclear power debate divided its own party and brought new political factors into play with environmental policy and the green movement.

Like no other, Palme shaped the image of Sweden abroad through its committed foreign policy: through its harsh criticism of the Vietnam War , as a UN mediator in the Iraq-Iran war and through its international disarmament initiatives , for example within the framework of the Palme Commission . He had close personal relationships with European politicians such as Willy Brandt and Bruno Kreisky and, in collaboration with Brandt in the Socialist International in the mid-1970s , campaigned for the previous dictatorships of Spain , Portugal and Greece to quickly find the way to stable democracies.

In the 1976 election to the Swedish Reichstag , his Social Democratic Party received 42.7 percent of the vote, the worst result since the 1932 election . The bourgeois parties jointly achieved a majority and ruled the country for two legislative terms until Palme returned to power after the 1982 election , in which the Social Democrats received 45.6 percent of the vote. He remained head of government until his death.

Assassination attempt and investigation

The crime scene on the corner of Sveavägen and Tunnelgatan

Roses for Olof Palme at the crime scene, March 3, 1986

Memorial plaque at the crime scene

The assassination

On the evening of February 28, 1986, the then 59-year-old Palme was murdered in downtown Stockholm on Thulehuset . He was with his wife Lisbeth without police protection on the way home from a visit to the cinema Grand , where he joined the Swedish film comedy Bröderna Mozart ( German Brothers Mozart ) by Suzanne Osten had considered, than before the wallpaper business Dekorima at the corner of Sveavägen / Tunnelgatan from He and his wife Lisbeth were shot at close range. According to coroner Kari Ormstad, the shot at the head of government resulted in the prime minister's death within seconds. Palme was pronounced dead shortly after midnight, and his wife suffered minor injuries. A plaque commemorates the murder at the crime scene.

The investigations

Breakdowns in the investigation

Even before the actual investigation got underway, technical mistakes were made by the police on the evening of the murder. The crime scene was only cordoned off very tightly and therefore passers-by were able to move freely around the murder site and could have destroyed important traces. The injuries to Palme's wife Lisbeth were never investigated, which according to an investigation report was a mistake, as important clues for the course of events in its entirety could have been found here. The fact that the two projectiles were not found by the police but by passers-by also indicates negligence.

Hans Holmér becomes chief investigator

According to journalist Jan Stocklassa, the Swedish Intelligence Service ( säkerhetspolisen [säpo]), the Swedish National Criminal Police Office ( rikskriminalpolisen [rikskrim]) and the Stockholm police could be used in the investigation. The choice finally fell on Hans Holmér , the head of the Stockholm police, although it is still unclear (as of 2019) why Holmér was given this task. There was no formal decision, even if it is certain that he had the backing of the social democratic ruling party. The then finance minister Kjell-Olof Feldt suspects that Holmér's charismatic demeanor and his connections within the social democratic party may have played a role. Journalist Stocklassa points out that Holmér helped both Palme and the Social Democrats deal with several political scandals in the 1970s. On the morning of March 1st, Hans Holmér entered the Stockholm police station and held his first press conference at 12:00 noon. At a meeting with the new Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson on March 2, 1986, Holmér's position was confirmed.

Under their new boss, the investigators soon targeted the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), which had been responsible for several murders across Europe. The suspicions could never be substantiated with evidence and even a police access to the PKK in January 1987 brought no progress in the investigation. Holmér showed no interest in tips and testimony that pointed to perpetrators other than the Kurdish Workers' Party. Instead, the chief of the Stockholm police kept relevant papers and documents in a safe, in which they were discovered years later. In addition, Holmér got involved in contradictions. For example, he stated that at the time of the attack he was staying in a hotel in Borlänge , although he had never been there. Shortly after the PKK attack in 1987, Holmér vacated his post as chief investigator.

Suspicion against Christer Pettersson

Christer Pettersson (painting)

In February 1988, Hans Ölvebro was appointed the new chief investigator, under whom the investigation concentrated on Christer Pettersson , an alcohol and drug addict since his youth who had stabbed a man with a bayonet in a dispute shortly before Christmas 1970. In the autumn of 1988, the police took Christer Pettersson seriously because he was incriminated by several testimonies, including the drug dealer Sigge Cedergren, who wanted to see Pettersson around 9 p.m. in front of the cinema Grand. In addition, the game club "Oxen" was located near the crime scene, a club that Pettersson visited regularly. Despite intensive guarding of Pettersson, the police still only had clues in hand in the late autumn of 1988. This changed suddenly when Lisbeth Palme identified Pettersson as her husband's murderer in a confrontation.

Second instance acquittal for Pettersson

Christer Pettersson was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of Olof Palme at the Stockholm Regional Court at the end of July 1989. However, the Court was in its judgment in disagreement: the two professional judges wanted to acquit Pettersson, but were from that are available in the majority of aldermen overruled. After the appeal, the process went to Svea hovrätt (roughly equivalent to a higher regional court ), where Pettersson was acquitted. The court saw deficiencies in Lisbeth Palme's identification of Pettersson and also said that neither a murder weapon nor fingerprints could be presented. The judges also considered that Pettersson had no interest in guns and considered it unlikely that an early retired drug and alcohol addict would be able to commit such an act.

Hans Ölvebro gave up his post as chief investigator in 1997 after internal criticism and later described that time as a lost year. After Ölvebro, the Deputy Attorney General Kerstin Skarp took over the search for the murderer, but without being able to convict the murderer Olof Palmes. She was best known for the attempt made under her to reopen the proceedings against Christer Pettersson in 1997, which however did not materialize.

Further discussion of Pettersson's guilt

The discussion as to whether Christer Pettersson was the murderer of Olof Palme continued for several years. On February 2, 2007, the long-time friend of Pettersson, who died in 2004, reported to the Aftonbladet newspaper that Pettersson had confessed to Palme's murder. The motive was help for a friend who wanted to take revenge on Palme for tax debts. She presented 40 letters from Pettersson. The 2006 film Jag såg mordet på Palme tried to support the thesis that Pettersson was the culprit. He wanted to murder the drug dealer Sigge Cedergren and accidentally hit Palme. The film received a lot of attention, but also criticism. The main thesis contains inconsistencies; Statements by Pettersson have been taken out of context.

Lisbeth Palme (2016)

In recent years, doubts have arisen about Christer Pettersson's identification with Lisbeth Palme. In the interrogations that were carried out immediately after the murder, Ms. Palme was unable to provide any information about the murderer's face. During further interrogations in the following months, however, Lisbeth Palme's statements about the appearance and finally the face of the murderer became more and more detailed. Erik Åsard, professor of political science at Uppsala University, believes Lisbeth Palme's memory picture is believable, since her husband's murder was a traumatic experience and people generally remembered traumatic events better. Gisli Gudjonsson (emeritus professor in forensic psychology), on the other hand, thinks that one should be careful when memories change over a long period of time. Such behavior suggests that the memories were influenced by external factors. Lisbeth Palme had also received information from the prosecutor shortly before her identification from Pettersson that the suspect had been an intoxicated violent criminal. In the comparison , Pettersson was the only one with alcohol problems, all comparators were employees of the police. Therefore, Pär-Anders Granhag, an expert in interrogation technology, thinks that Lisbeth Palme's identification is "worthless".

In February 2018, the investigation under Hans Ölvebro came into the crosshairs of the program Uppdrag Granskning after it became known that investigator Thure Nässén was accused by several sources of having manipulated the investigation against Christer Pettersson, among others. a. through the promise of being able to collect the reward of 50 million Swedish kronor (around 4.8 million euros) if one helps to solve the murder. This was reported, for example, by the drug addict Ulf, who had testified in court in 1989. It was also announced that Nässén had questioned the drug dealer Sigge Cedergren a total of 43 times, until he finally said he had seen Christer Pettersson in front of the Grand Cinema. Before that, Cedergren et al. a. the Swedish musician Ted Gärdestad accused of the murder of Olof Palme. Other witnesses had first identified suspects near the crime scene who bore no resemblance to Pettersson before claiming they saw Pettersson there. Ölvebro himself said in March 2018 that he would never have brought charges against Pettersson in a normal murder case, as there was no solid evidence that could have convicted Pettersson.

Olof Palme's grave

Abolition of the statute of limitations on murder in Sweden

Until July 1, 2010, there was a 25-year limitation period for murder in Sweden. This was abolished for offenses committed from July 1, 1985, so that the assassination attempt on Palme does not become statute-barred and remains the subject of police investigations as long as information goes to the police.

From 2017: Presentation of a suspect and termination of the investigation

Prosecutor Krister Petersson, who has been investigating since February 2017, considered Pettersson innocent and declared in February 2018 that there was concrete reason to be optimistic. He is convinced to convict the perpetrators. Petersson promised an indictment by the summer of 2020, otherwise the plan was to stop the investigation.

On June 10, 2020, 34 years after the offense, the public prosecutor stated that they had identified Stig Engström (1934–2000) as a suspect. However, since Engström had died 20 years earlier, the proceedings were discontinued. The journalist Thomas Pettersson had already committed himself to Engström as the perpetrator in his book "Den osannolike mördaren" in 2018. The former commercial artist quickly figured under the name “Skandia man” in the media because he worked in a Skandia insurance building close to the crime scene .

According to prosecutor Krister Petersson, Engström was the focus of the investigation in April 1986 and then again in early 1987. Some interrogations were carried out with witnesses who showed some agreement with Engström. However, the investigators at the time under Hans Holmér came to the conclusion that the murderer could not have been Engström. He was not interrogated and a few days later a memorandum was drawn up, which led to his being put on file as a suspect. He was called as a witness by the defense during the trial of Christer Petterson. In the early 1990s, he made a number of media reports. Before his death ( suicide ) in 2000, he was no longer the subject of investigation.

The following suspicions exist against Engström:

• Engström made contradicting statements early on. His statements about his behavior at the crime scene do not match those of other witnesses. Among other things, he stated that he had told the police where the perpetrator had fled to and spoke to Lisbeth Palme, which was not confirmed by any other witness.
• Various witnesses, including two who saw the murderer on the run, have given information about the appearance and clothing that match Engström.
• Stig Engström worked in the Skandia insurance company building near the crime scene. He worked late that evening because he was going on a skiing holiday the next day. He clocked out at 11:19 pm. The murder of Palme happened at 11:21 p.m. Engström returned to the office at 11:40 pm. Since his statements do not match those of other witnesses, it is unclear what he did in the meantime.
• Engström had stated that he worked late because he wanted to go on a skiing holiday the day after. However, he reported to his employer that day and inquired about the time he had clocked out because he felt he was being followed by the police and the press. Since, for unknown reasons, he was not invited to a reconstruction of the course of the crime with various witnesses in April 1986, he turned to the press and Swedish television to tell his version of the events.
• Engström was a member of a rifle club and was familiar with weapons. He was also friends with an arms collector. A weapon confiscated from him could not be clearly linked to the bullets found, but it could not be ruled out that it was the murder weapon.
• Engström was in circles that were critical of Palme. He is said to have lived beyond his means and had alcohol problems.

The public prosecutor's result met with a mixed response from the Swedish public. According to a representative survey by the polling institute Sifo, only 19% of the Swedish population think Stig Engström is the murderer Olof Palmes. Even among experts, the result was viewed with skepticism. Inga-Britt Ahlenius (see below) saw a problem in the lack of a murder weapon. Criminology professor Leif GW Persson said that Krister Petersson had brought little substantial information to light and had taken the poor work of the police in the first time after the murder as a basis to blame Engström. Persson called the result Petersson's "own interpretations".

In the course of the investigation, 225 meters of shelves were created. Of the 130 or so confessions, none was credible.

More theories about the murder of Olof Palme

In the years since the Palme murder, various theories about the murder of Olof Palme have emerged again and again. In addition to the PKK and Christer Pettersson (see above), the police themselves were suspected of being involved in the murder. Witnesses said they saw men with walkie-talkies around the later crime scene. For example, a witness wanted to have recognized a suspect in the entrance of a shop on Sveavägen a few minutes before the shooting at the Swedish Prime Minister. She was out with a friend, wanted to find out the time, recognized the man as a member of the gym where she worked out herself, and spoke to him in Finnish because she knew he spoke Finnish. Thereupon, according to the witness, the man turned around, covered his face, while the instruction in Finnish was heard from a walkie-talkie that he carried with him that he should behave inconspicuously. According to the Swedish journalist Sven Anér, this is the then police officer and later Swedish MP Anti Avsan . Avsan, however, is of Estonian and not Finnish origin.

Inga-Britt Ahlenius

Skandiahuset (Sveavägen 44)

Since the late 1990s, the voices of those who want to investigate the “police lane” (“polisspåret”) more closely have increased. Inga-Britt Ahlenius, who at the end of the 1990s belonged to the commission that investigated the investigation into the murder, believes that testimonies that could point to covert operations by the NATO group Stay-behind should be examined more closely. The background to these considerations is that in some military and police circles at that time a "hatred of Olof Palme" ("palmehat") existed, as these circles were of the opinion that Palme did not appear resolutely enough against the Soviet Union. Above all, the violation of Swedish territorial waters by foreign submarines plays a role here, some of which are believed to have been of Soviet origin. The journalist Gunnar Wall believes that Palme could have been seen as a traitor among such people.

In addition, Palme's goal of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Northern Europe may have disrupted the US and NATO strategy of bringing the Soviet Union to its knees through targeted rearmament. Ahlenius thinks that the statements of Anna Hage, a then seventeen-year-old student nurse who tried to save Olof Palme's life at the scene of the crime, support this thesis. Hage describes in her book 30 år av tystnad ("30 Years of Silence") that a man in military uniform came to see her and told her to be careful what she said and that not everything had to come out. Also Leif GW Persson , professor of criminology, considers the theory of a police or military component in the murder for not quite absurd, pointing out that stay-behind its meeting in "Skandiahuset" held, a building that is located in Sveavägen, in the immediate vicinity of the place where Olof Palme was shot. The journalist Patrik Baab and the political scientist Robert Harkavy propose a similar thesis and argue that stay-behind is involved in the murder and that there are also connections to the Iran-Contra affair and the death of Uwe Barschel . Just a few years after the murder, there were suspicions that the Swedish secret service Säpo had been infiltrated by right-wing extremists , delayed the investigation or even was involved in the attack itself. Recordings of radio traffic on the night of February 28, 1986 indicate the latter assumption.

Palme's determined opposition to the United States' Vietnam War was also considered as a possible background. In this context, the prime minister made headlines by comparing the US military attacks on North Vietnam with Nazi crimes .

Another trail led to South Africa . The apartheid regime there, against which Palme had repeatedly and vigorously spoken out, was suspected of having commissioned Palme's murder. This thesis was fed by the confessions of former South African secret agents in the 1990s; the Swedish police admitted that at the time of the attack a South African secret agent was in fact in Stockholm.

At the end of 2018, the book Stieg Larssons Erbe by journalist Jan Stocklassa was published, in which he evaluated and continued the research by Stieg Larsson, who died in 2004, on the murder of Palme. Accordingly, there are indications of a collaboration between the South African secret service and Swedish right-wing extremists in the attack.

Another theory suspected the left-wing extremist German terrorist organization Red Army Fraction (RAF). Alleged RAF members confessed to the act; it was perpetrated in revenge for the Swedish behavior during the hostage-taking in Stockholm (April 24, 1975). The police did not consider these statements to be credible.

Impact history

Olof Palme Peace March on September 19, 1987 from Buchenwald Concentration Camp to Kapellendorf

From the 1960s until his death, Palme's voice carried weight in international politics. His death was mourned worldwide; Monuments were erected to him in 23 states. In 1987 he was posthumously awarded the Jawaharlal Nehru Prize for International Understanding , and since then a main shuttle service to New Delhi International Airport has been named Olof Palme Road in his honor . In Germany, 24 streets and squares are named after Palme (as of January 2018).

Palme's name was associated with the GDR's foreign policy in the 1980s , which advocated his proposal for a nuclear-weapon-free corridor in Europe . His vision was also taken up by church peace groups that called for the " Olof Palme Peace March" across the country in September 1987 in the GDR . In Thuringia , the Christian Peace Conference (CFK) working group there initiated a peace march with around 400 participants on September 19, 1987, which led from the Buchenwald National Remembrance Center to the Thomas Müntzer Evangelical Community Center in Kapellendorf .

Fonts

• Freimut Duve (Ed.): Olof Palme. He touched people's hearts. Speeches and texts. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1986, ISBN 3-499-15919-8 .

literature

• Olof Ruin: Olof Palme. In: David Wilsford: Political Leaders of Contemporary Western Europe: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Press, Westport, CT 1995, pp. 352-361 ( preview ).
• Ola Tunander: The invisible hand and the white hand. The multiple murder of Olof Palme. In: Kursbuch . Issue 124, June 1996, ISBN 3-87134-124-X , pp. 49-79.
• Henrik Berggren : Olof Palme. Wonderful days lie ahead of us. The biography. Translated by Paul Berf and Susanne Dahmann. btb, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-442-75268-3 (Swedish original title: Underbara dagar framför oss. En biografi över Olof Palme. Stockholm 2010).
• Jochen Preussler: Olof Palme murdered. Report from Stockholm. Brandenburgisches Verlagshaus, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-327-00915-5 .

Web links

Commons : Olof Palme  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikiquote: Olof Palme  - Quotes

• Literature by and about Olof Palme in the catalog of the German National Library
• Olof Palme in the nndb (English)
• Stellan Andersson: Olof Palme's Archives. In: OlofPalme.org (English, about Palme's estate, first in Swedish in Arbetarhistoria. No. 75-76, 1995, pp. 24-36).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Investigators name Olof Palme's murderer - and close the case. In: Welt.de. June 10, 2020, accessed June 10, 2020 . 
2. ↑ Dietmar Pieper: Olof Palme's murder cleared up: a lone perpetrator, not a conspiracy. In: Spiegel Online . June 10, 2020, accessed June 14, 2020 . 
3. ↑ ^{a b} Olof Ruin: Olof Palme. In: David Wilsford: Political Leaders of Contemporary Western Europe: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Press, Westport, CT 1995, pp. 352-361, here pp. 352 f.
4. ↑ Bill Mayr: Remembering Olof Palme. In: Kenyon College Alumni Bulletin. Volume 34, No. 2, Winter 2012; Stellan Andersson: Olof Palme's Archives. In: OlofPalme.org.
5. ↑ Henrik Berggren: Olof Palme. Wonderful days lie ahead of us. The biography . Munich 2011, pp. 460–466.
6. ^ Ulrich Herbert : History of Germany in the 20th Century. CH Beck, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-406-66051-1 , p. 939.
7. ↑ Niels Reise: Murder of Olof Palme: Sweden's biggest wound. Spiegel Online from February 28, 2016.
8. ↑ Borgnäs, Lars, En iskall vind drog genom Sverige. Mordet på Olof Palme, Falun 2006, s. 25-26
9. ↑ Mordet på Palme: 8 saker du behöver veta. Retrieved March 1, 2020 (Swedish). 
10. ↑ FOCUS Online: The suspicion. Retrieved March 1, 2020 . 
11. ↑ Borgnäs, s. 31
12. ↑ January Höglund: Fyra misstag som försvårade Palmeutredningen. February 26, 2016, accessed March 1, 2020 (Swedish). 
13. ↑ Public state investigation SOU 1999: 88, p. 151 ( Swedish ).
14. ↑ Stocklassa, Jan, Stieg Larssons arkiv. Nyckeln till Palmemordet , speaker: Martin Wallström, Bokfabriken 2018. Audio book. Time: 1:06:31
15. ↑ Wall, Gunnar,  Mordgåtan Olof Palme. Makten, lögnerna och tystnaden . Bonnierförlagen Digital 2013, s. 143 ff.
16. ↑ Stocklassa, Time: 1:10:38
17. ↑ Åsard, Erik, Det dunkelt tänkta. Conspiracy theory om morden på John F. Kennedy och Olof Palme , Stockholm 2006, s. 174-177
18. ^ Wall, Gunnar, Konspiration Olof Palme , speaker: Johan Svensson, Bonnier Audio 2016, time: 02:48:39
19. ↑ Vad gjorde Hans Holmér kvällen då Palme mördades? - DIFFERENT JALLAI. Accessed March 2, 2020 (sv-SE). 
20. ↑ Åsard, s. 177
21. ↑ Hannes Lundberg, erssonhannes.l .: Vem var egentligen Christer Pettersson? Retrieved March 3, 2020 (Swedish). 
22. ↑ ^{a b} Palmegåtan cracked de mäktiga poliserna. Retrieved March 1, 2020 (Swedish). 
23. ↑ Åsard, pp. 177-182.
24. ↑ Åsard, pp. 181-182.
25. ↑ Kerstin Skarp planerar lämna Palmeutredningen. Retrieved March 8, 2020 (Swedish). 
26. ↑ Lennart Håård: “Jag sköt Palme”: Christer Petterssons fästmö till Aftonbladets reporter: Han ville att du skulle veta. ( Memento of February 6, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) In: Aftonbladet , February 3, 2007 ( Swedish ).
27. ^ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, February 5, 2007.
28. ↑ Lars Borgnäs, Tomas Bresky: Films om mordet på Palme ett moraliskt haveri av SVT. In: Dagens Nyheter , February 28, 2006 ( Swedish ).
29. ↑ Borgnäs, s. 84
30. ↑ Borgnäs, s. 91-92 & 99-100
31. ↑ Åsard, s. 184
32. ↑ Gisli Gudjonsson: Gisli Gudjonsson Emeritus Professor of Forensic Psychology at King's College London. Retrieved March 5, 2020 . 
33. ↑ Borgnäs, s. 100-103
34. ↑ Bo-Göran Bodin, Axel Humlesjö: Här är svagheterna i alla vittnesmålen mot Christer Pettersson . In: SVT Nyheter . February 26, 2018 ( svt.se [accessed March 8, 2020]).
35. ↑ Axel Gordh Humlesjö, Bo-Göran Bodin: Vittnet: “Polisen erbjöd mig formåner i utbyte mot att peka ut Pettersson” . In: SVT Nyheter . February 27, 2018 ( svt.se [accessed March 1, 2020]).
36. ↑ Bo-Göran Bodin, Axel Gårdh Humlesjö, Ella Berger, Emilio Di Sigurd: Så manipulerades Palmeutredningen - vittne förhördes 43 gånger och ändrade sin historia . In: SVT Nyheter . February 26, 2018 ( svt.se [accessed March 5, 2020]).
37. ↑ Bo-Göran Bodin, Axel Humlesjö: Här är svagheterna i alla vittnesmålen mot Christer Pettersson . In: SVT Nyheter . February 26, 2018 ( svt.se [accessed March 8, 2020]).
38. ↑ Iva Horvatović: Ölvebro Jag är att tala om skyldig kollegorna min version . In: SVT Nyheter . March 6, 2018 ( svt.se [accessed March 7, 2020]).
39. ↑ Fredrik Mellgren: 9 av 10: Mordetklaras aldrig upp. In: Svenska Dagbladet , February 23, 2011 ( Swedish ); Amendment to the law on the website of the Swedish Parliament, accessed on July 25, 2016 (PDF; 482 kB; Swedish ).
40. ^ André Anwar: Is the Palme homicide squad about to break through? In: Stuttgarter Zeitung , February 28, 2018.
41. ↑ After 34 years: Movement in the murder of Olof Palme. In: DerStandard.at. February 18, 2020, accessed February 18, 2020 . 
42. ^ ZEIT ONLINE, AP, tst: Investigations into the murder of Olof Palme are set. In: Zeit Online. June 10, 2020, accessed June 10, 2020 . 
43. ^ Författaren Thomas Pettersson: "Övertygad om att det är Skandiamannen". June 10, 2020, accessed June 13, 2020 (Swedish). 
44. ↑ mes, AP, Reuters, dpa: Investigators identify the alleged murderer of Olof Palme after 34 years. In: Spiegel Online. June 10, 2020, accessed June 10, 2020 . 
45. ↑ Skandiamannen talade om Palmemordet under sitt sista samtal. In: expressen.se. Retrieved June 11, 2020 (Swedish). 
46. ^ ^{A b} Press conference by prosecutor Krister Petersson with the results of the investigation
47. ↑ Lisa Edwinsson: Investigators identify the alleged murderer of Olof Palme after 34 years. In: Dagens Nyheter. June 11, 2020, accessed June 12, 2020 (Swedish). 
48. ↑ TT: Majoritet osäkra på Engström som mördare . In: SVT Nyheter . June 12, 2020 ( svt.se [accessed June 12, 2020]).
49. ^ Vendela Bolin: Reviews: ”Frågan om vem gärningsmannen är står helt obesvarad” . In: SVT Nyheter . June 10, 2020 ( svt.se [accessed June 12, 2020]).
50. ↑ Palmemordet åter i focus. In: Dagens Nyheter , February 21, 2011 ( Swedish , on the 25th anniversary of the murder).
51. ↑ Vem mördade Olof Palme? Här är de mest kända teorierna. February 21, 2018, accessed March 8, 2020 (Swedish). 
52. ↑ Klaus-Dieter Knapp: The police on the trail. In: Die Zeit , February 24, 1995, pp. 13–15.
53. ↑ Sven Aner: Palm Mordet: affären Anti Avsan. Almunge 2008, ISBN 978-91-633-2711-7 .
54. ↑ Nya kravet i Palmeutredningen: Utred hemliga nätverket. Retrieved March 8, 2020 (Swedish). 
55. ↑ Tysk bok: CIA and Nato dödade Olof Palme. February 28, 2018, accessed on March 8, 2020 (sv-SE). 
56. ↑ Bartholomäus Grill : Assassin from the Cape? In: Die Zeit , October 4, 1996.
57. ↑ Jan Stocklassa: Rose Larsson's legacy. Translated from the Swedish by Ulrike Brauns. Europe, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-95890-225-1 . See Katja Deiß: Extensive research on the death of Olof Palme. In: NDR.de , November 26, 2018; Armin Pfahl-Traughber : Review: Why did Olof Palme die? In: Humanistic Press Service , March 21, 2019.
58. ↑ Bhagavathi Vivekanandan: Global Visions of Olof Palme, Bruno Kreisky and Willy Brandt. International Peace and Security, Co-operation, and Development. Springer International Publishing, Cham 2016, ISBN 978-3-319-33710-4 , p. 16.
59. ↑ Search for Olof Palme in: Zeit Online , How often is there your street?
60. ↑ Jasper von Altenbockum : Olof Palme. Willingness to power and craving for recognition. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , March 14, 2011. Michael März: Review of: Berggren, Henrik: Olof Palme. Wonderful days lie ahead of us. The biography. Munich 2011. In: H-Soz-Kult , March 28, 2012.