(107) Camilla
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Asteroid (107) Camilla |
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|---|---|
| Properties of the orbit ( animation ) | |
| Orbit type | Outer main belt of the Cybele group |
| Major semi-axis | 3.4907 AU |
| eccentricity | 0.0657 |
| Perihelion - aphelion | 3.2612 AU - 3.7201 AU |
| Inclination of the orbit plane | 10.002 ° |
| Length of the ascending node | 172.611 ° |
| Argument of the periapsis | 306.864 ° |
| Time of passage of the perihelion | December 6, 2019 |
| Sidereal period | 6 a 181 d |
| Mean orbital velocity | 15.9 km / s |
| Physical Properties | |
| Medium diameter | 254 ± 12 km |
| Dimensions | 344 × 246 × 205 ± 14 |
| Dimensions | 1.12 x 10 19 ± 3 x 10 17 kg |
| Albedo | 0.059 ± 0.012 |
| Medium density | 1.4 ± 0.3 g / cm³ |
| Rotation period | 4 h 50 min |
| Absolute brightness | 7.08 likes |
| Spectral class | C. |
| history | |
| Explorer | Norman R. Pogson |
| Date of discovery | November 17, 1868 |
| Another name | 1938 OG, 1949 HD1, A893 QA |
| Source: Unless otherwise stated, the data comes from JPL Small-Body Database Browser . The affiliation to an asteroid family is automatically determined from the AstDyS-2 database . Please also note the note on asteroid items. | |
(107) Camilla is an asteroid that moves in the outer reaches of the main asteroid belt . With a mean diameter of 219 km, Camilla is one of the largest asteroids in the main belt. Camilla has two moons : S / 2001 (107) 1 and S / 2016 (107) 1 with diameters of 16 and 3.5 km, respectively.
Discovery and naming
Camilla was on 17 November 1868 by British astronomer Norman Pogson Robert at the Observatory of Chennai (Madras) in India discovered. The discovery was announced in 1868.
The heavenly body was named after Camilla from Roman mythology ; in the Aeneid she was an Amazon-like warrior and the Queen of the Volscians .
In total, the asteroid has been observed by several earth-based telescopes, a total of 2299 times within 148 years. (As of Sept. 2017)
Track properties
Orbit
Camilla orbits the sun in a prograde , elliptical orbit between 487,900,000 km (3.26 AU ) and 556,500,000 km (3.72 AU) from its center. The orbital eccentricity is 0.066, the web is about 10 ° relative to the ecliptic inclined . Its orbit is therefore in the outer asteroid belt .
The orbital period of Camilla is 6.52 years.
Camilla belongs to the Cybele group , a number of asteroids that orbit beyond the Hecuba Gap with orbital axes between 3.27 and 3.7 AU. The objects have eccentricities of less than 0.3 and orbit inclinations of less than 25 °. The members of this group are in 7: 4 resonance with Jupiter, which stabilizes their orbit. They are likely fragments of a previous collision.
rotation
Camilla rotates once around her axis in 4 hours, 50 minutes 38 seconds. From this it follows that the asteroid performs 11,802.3 self- rotations ("days") in a Camilla year .
Observations of the light curve show an alignment of Camilla's pole in the direction of the ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (+ 51 °, 72 °) with 10 ° uncertainty; this results in an axis inclination of 29 °; Camilla's rotation is therefore as their orbit prograde .
Physical Properties
size
The observations made so far indicate an elongated, irregularly shaped body; the most precise determination of the diameter ( geometric mean ) is 219.374 km. With regard to the exact dimensions, the most precise value is 344 × 246 × 205 km.
Assuming a mean diameter of 210 km, this results in a surface area of around 139,000 km 2 , which roughly corresponds to the areas of the German states of Bavaria , Baden-Württemberg and Hesse combined.
| year | Dimensions km | source |
|---|---|---|
| 1975 | 209 | Morrison et al. |
| 2003 | 285 × 205 × 170 ± 20 | Torppa et al. |
| 2004 | 222.62 ± 17.1 | Tedesco ( IRAS ) et al. |
| 2006 | 185 | Marchis et al. |
| 2008 | 246 ± 13 | Marchis et al. |
| 2008 | 344 × 246 × 205 ± 14 | Marchis et al. |
| 2011 | 214 ± 28 | Ďurech et al. |
| 2011 | 200.37 ± 3.51 | Usui et al. |
| 2011 | 247 | Hargrove et al. |
| 2011 | 219.374 ± 5.938 | Mainzer et al. |
| 2012 | 219.378 | Pravec et al. |
| 2012 | 243.3 ± 12.4 | Hargrove et al. |
| 2012 | 241.6 ± 35.0 | Marchis et al. |
| 2013 | 227 ± 24 | Hanuš et al. |
| 2014 | 210.370 ± 8.326 | Masiero et al. |
The most precise determination is marked in bold .
internal structure
Camilla belongs to the X – type asteroids (according to other classifications: C or P) and therefore has a dark, carbon-rich surface with an albedo of 0.05. The surface color is therefore darker than coal. The mean density of 1.4 g / cm 3 indicates that the celestial body is porous and therefore a rubble pile , a loose collection of dust and rocks.
So far, the mass of Camilla could be calculated to be 1.48 ∙ 10 19 . The absolute brightness is given as 6.94 mag.
The mean surface temperature is around 151 K (−122 ° C) and can rise to a maximum of 223 K (−50 ° C) at noon.
The Camilla triple system
On March 1, 2001, Camilla's first companion was discovered in images from the Hubble space telescope . The moon , initially designated as S / 2001 (107) 1 , has a diameter of 16 km and orbits Camilla at a distance of 1,250 km in 3.72 days.
Through further observations with the Very Large Telescope in 2004, another companion could be found, which was named S / 2016 (107) 1 . This orbits Camilla within the orbit of the outer moon and is 3.5 km in size; it moves around the asteroid at a distance of 340 km in 12 hours.
After (87) Sylvia , (45) Eugenia , (3749) Balam , (216) Cleopatra , (93) Minerva and (130) Elektra, Camilla is the seventh discovered multiple asteroid system in the main belt. Apart from the dwarf planets Pluto and Haumea - which also have an asteroid number - according to Sylvia, Eugenia, (47171) Lempo , (153591) 2001 SN 263 , Balam, Cleopatra, (136617) 1994 CC , Minerva, ( 2577) Litva and Elektra the eleventh known asteroid multiple system in the solar system.
The Camilla system at a glance:
| Components | Physical parameters | Path parameters | discovery | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surname | Throughput diameter (km) |
Relative size % |
Mass (kg) |
Major semi-axis (km) |
Orbital time (d) |
eccentricity | Inclination to Camilla's equator |
Date of discovery Date of publication |
| (107) Camilla | 219.4 | 100.00 | 1.1 · 10 19 | - | - | - | - | November 17, 1868 1868 |
|
S / 2016 (107) 1 (Camilla II) |
3.5 | 1.6 | ? | 340 | 0.500 | ? | ? | May 29, 2015 August 7, 2016 |
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S / 2001 (107) 1 (Camilla I) |
16.0 | 7.3 | 1.5 · 10 15 | 1250 | 3.722 | 0.002 | 3.0 | March 1, 2001 March 19, 2001 |
See also
Web links
- (107) Camilla, S / 2001 (107) 1, and S / 2016 (107) 1. Wm. Robert Johnston (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ (107) Camilla in the Small-Body Database of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (English).
- ^ D. Morrison et al .: Radiometric diameters for an additional 22 asteroids . March 1976, bibcode : 1976ApJ ... 204..934M .
- ↑ Johanna Torppa et al .: Shapes and rotational properties of thirty asteroids from photometric data . August 2003, bibcode : 2003Icar..164..346T .
- ^ EF Tedesco et al .: IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 . October 2006. bibcode : 2004PDSS ... 12 ..... T .
- ^ Franck Marchis et al .: Shape, size and multiplicity of main-belt asteroids I. Keck Adaptive Optics survey . November 2006, PMC 2600456 (free full text).
- ^ Franck Marchis et al .: Main belt binary asteroidal systems with circular mutual orbits . July 2008, bibcode : 2008Icar..196 ... 97M .
- ↑ Jim Baer: Recent Asteroid Mass Determinations (July 2008). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 8, 2013 ; accessed on September 9, 2017 .
- ↑ Joseph Ďurech et al .: Combining asteroid models derived by light curve inversion with asteroidal occultation silhouettes . August 2011, bibcode : 2011Icar..214..652D .
- ↑ Fumihiko Usui et al .: Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI / IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey . October 2011, bibcode : 2011PASJ ... 63.1117U .
- ↑ Kelsey D. Hargrove et al .: Progress Report on Study of Cybele Group Asteroids . October 2011, bibcode : 2011epsc.conf.1657H .
- ^ Amy Mainzer et al .: NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results . November 2011, bibcode : 2011ApJ ... 741 ... 90M .
- ↑ Petr Pravec et al .: Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations . September 2012, bibcode : 2012Icar..221..365P .
- ↑ Kelsey D. Hargrove et al .: Asteroids (65) Cybele, (107) Camilla and (121) Hermione: Infrared spectral diversity among the Cybeles . September 2012, bibcode : 2012Icar..221..453H .
- ^ Franck Marchis et al .: Multiple asteroid systems: Dimensions and thermal properties from Spitzer Space Telescope and ground-based observations . November 2012, bibcode : 2012Icar..221.1130M .
- ^ J. Hanuš et al .: Sizes of main-belt asteroids by combining shape models and Keck adaptive optics observations . September 2013, bibcode : 2013Icar..226.1045H .
- ↑ Joseph R. Masiero et al .: Main-belt Asteroids with WISE / NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos . August 2014, bibcode : 2014ApJ ... 791..121M .
- ↑ Daniel WE Green: IAUC No. 7599: S / 2001 (107) 1 discovery publication. March 2001, accessed September 9, 2017 .