(445473) 2010 VZ ₉₈

Asteroid (445473) 2010 VZ 98
Properties of the orbit ( animation ) Epoch:  April 27, 2019 ( JD 2,458,600.5)
Orbit type	ETNO SDO , or DO (E SDO ), "Distant Object"
Major semi-axis	150.244  AU
eccentricity	0.771
Perihelion - aphelion	34,352 AU - 266,136 AU
Inclination of the orbit plane	4.5 °
Length of the ascending node	117.3 °
Argument of the periapsis	313.7 °
Time of passage of the perihelion	November 6, 2027
Sidereal period	1841 a 2.4 M.
Mean orbital velocity	2.410 km / s
Physical Properties
Medium diameter	approx. 457 km
Albedo	0.06-0.10
Rotation period	9.72 ± 0.05 h (0.405 d )
Absolute brightness	4.81 ± 0.04 - 5.27 mag
Spectral class	C B-V = 1.100 ± 0.040 VR = 0.670 ± 0.020 BR = 1.770 ± 0.030
history
Explorer	David L. Rabinowitz Megan E. Schwamb Suzanne W. Tourtellotte
Date of discovery	November 11, 2010
Source: Unless otherwise stated, the data comes from JPL Small-Body Database Browser . The affiliation to an asteroid family is automatically determined from the AstDyS-2 database . Please also note the note on asteroid items.

(445473) 2010 VZ ₉₈ is a large trans-Neptunian object that is classified as an "extreme trans-Neptunian object" (ETNO) and a near or extended scattered disc object (SDO or DO). Because of its size, the asteroid is a dwarf planet candidate .

discovery

2010 VZ ₉₈ was discovered on November 11, 2010 by an astronomer team consisting of David Lincoln Rabinowitz , Meg Schwamb and Suzanne Tourtellotte at the La Silla Observatory of the European Southern Observatory ( Chile ). The discovery was announced on August 31, 2011, the planetoid was later given the minor planet number 445473 by the IAU .

After its discovery in 2010, VZ _{98 could be identified} on photos up to November 19, 1998, which were taken as part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey program at the Apache Point Observatory ( New Mexico ), thus changing its observation period Extend 12 years to more accurately calculate its orbit. Since then, the planetoid has been observed with the Herschel space telescope as well as earth-based telescopes. In April 2017, there were a total of 184 observations over a period of 17 years. The last observation so far was carried out in October 2015 at the Purple Mountain Observatory ( People's Republic of China ). (As of March 1, 2019)

properties

Orbit

2010 VZ ₉₈ orbits the sun in 1841.63 years on a highly elliptical orbit between 34.35  AU and 266.14 AU from its center. The orbit eccentricity is 0.771, the orbit is 4.51 ° inclined to the ecliptic . The planetoid is currently 35.30 AU from the sun. It will next pass through perihelion in 2027, so the last perihelion should have occurred in 186.

2013 FS ₂₈ belongs to a small group of detached objects that have perihelia over 30 AU and large semi-axes over 150 AU. Such Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects (ETNO) can not enter such orbits without an orbital object, which led to speculation about a ninth planet . Small number statistics showed that the planetoid could possibly have a 3: 2 orbital resonance with this hypothetical planet, which is said to orbit the sun at a distance of 195 to 215 AU.

Both Marc Buie ( DES ) and the Minor Planet Center classify the planetoid as SDO ; the latter also lists it generally as a "distant object". The Johnston's Archive, however, classifies it as an extended SDO (ESDO or DO ).

Size and rotation

A diameter of around 457 km is currently assumed, based on a reflectivity of 6% and an absolute brightness of 5.4  ^m . Assuming a diameter of 457 km, this results in a total surface of around 656,000 km ² . The apparent magnitude of 2010 VZ ₉₈ is 20.71  ^m .

Since it can be assumed that 2010 VZ ₉₈ is in hydrostatic equilibrium due to its size and must therefore be largely round, it should meet the criteria for classification as a dwarf planet . Mike Brown expects that it is at 2010 VZ ₉₈ to possibly is a dwarf planet.

Based on light curve observations carried out by members of the Carnegie Institution for Science at the Las Campanas Observatory , VZ ₉₈ rotates once around its axis in 9 hours and 43.2 minutes in 2010 . From this it follows that in a 2010 VZ ₉₈ year it performs 1,660,881 self- rotations (“days”). The brightness variations were 0.18  ^m . However, this is still fraught with some uncertainties, as the observation time at that time was not sufficient.

Determination of the diameter for 2010 VZ ₉₈

year	Dimensions km	source
2016	401.33	LightCurve DataBase
2018	486.0	Johnston
2018	457.0	Brown
The most precise determination is marked in bold .

See also

• List of trans-Neptunian objects
• List of dwarf planets of the solar system
• List of asteroids
• List of moons from asteroids

Web links

• How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system? Current list of the largest TNOs from Mike Brown
• Free the dwarf planets! Mike Brown's column on the IAU and the dwarf planets regarding their classifications (23 August 2011)

Individual evidence

1. ^ ^{A b} C. & R. de la Fuente Marcos: Extreme trans-Neptunian objects and the Kozai mechanism: signaling the presence of trans-Plutonian planets . In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters . 443, No. 1, June 3, 2014, pp. L59-L63. arxiv : 1406.0715 . bibcode : 2013AJ .... 145..124B . doi : 10.1088 / 0004-6256 / 145/5/124 .
2. ^ ^{A b} Marc W. Buie : Orbit Fit and Astrometric record for 445473 . SwRI (Space Science Department). Retrieved March 1, 2019.
3. ↑ ^{a b} MPC : MPEC List Of Centaurs and Scattered-Disk Objects . IAU . Retrieved March 1, 2019.
4. ↑ ^{a b c} Wm. R. Johnston: List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects . Johnston's Archives. October 7, 2018. Accessed March 1, 2019.
5. ↑ ^{a b c} (445473) 2010 VZ98 at the IAU Minor Planet Center (English) Accessed March 1, 2019.
6. ↑ v ≈ π * a / period (1 + sqrt (1-e²))
7. ↑ ^{a b} S. Benecchi, S. Sheppard : Light Curves of 32 Large Transneptunian Objects (PDF) . In: The Astronomical Journal . 145, No. 5, January 24, 2013, p. 124, 19. arxiv : 1301.5791 . bibcode : 2013AJ .... 145..124B . doi : 10.1088 / 0004-6256 / 145/5/124 .
8. ↑ ^{a b c d} S. Tegler u. a .: Two Color Populations of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects and the Smaller Orbital Inclinations of Red Centaur Objects (PDF) . In: The Astronomical Journal . 152, No. 6, December 2016, p. 210, 13. bibcode : 2016AJ .... 152..210T . doi : 10.3847 / 0004-6256 / 152/6/210 .
9. ↑ ^{a b} LCDB Data for (445473) 2010VZ98 . MinorPlanetInfo. 2016. Accessed March 1, 2019.
10. ↑ MPC : MPEC 2011-Q57: 2010 VZ98 . IAU . August 31, 2011. Accessed March 1, 2019.
11. ↑ (445473) 2010 VZ98 in the Small-Body Database of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (English). Retrieved March 1, 2019.
12. ↑ MPC : MPC q => 30 AU, a => 150 AU . IAU . Retrieved March 1, 2019.
13. ↑ (445473) 2010 VZ98 in the database of the "Asteroids - Dynamic Site" (AstDyS-2, English).
14. ↑ ^{a b} Mike Brown : How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system? . CalTech . November 12, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2019.