Academic Legion (1848)

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Anton Elfinger : worker and student of the Vienna Revolution in May 1848

The Academic Legion was at the time of the German Revolution 1848-49 a student volunteer corps in Vienna , Austria.

history

Anton Füster

The armed volunteer corps formed to support and expand the vigilante groups in several university towns of the German Confederation . The Academic Legion in Vienna became more important . Students from the University of Vienna and the Vienna Polytechnic Institute joined forces on 13-14 March 1848 together.

The Legion was part of the National Guard . Jurists, physicians, philosophers, polytechnicians and art academics were grouped into five corps. A corps consisted of several companies whose leaders were elected. The Legion Commander was appointed by the National Guard Commander in Chief. The first legionary commander was Ferdinand von Colloredo-Mannsfeld . He was followed in May by Colonel Anton Pannasch , and in October by the painter Joseph Matthäus Aigner . Anton Füster was field chaplain . In May 1848 the Legion consisted of 40 companies with 6,000 men. The headquarters was the (new) auditorium of the Old University . The "storm petition" of May 15, 1848 was directed against the first draft constitution and led to the dissolution of the Legion on May 25, 1848.

Johann Strauss (father) dedicated the march of the Student Legion to her . Christian Pollack recorded it with the Slovak Sinfonietta .

Unsuccessful attempt at a revival in 1914

On August 5, 1914, immediately after the beginning of the First World War , a joint meeting of academic corporations at the University of Vienna decided to found an academic legion, supported by the then rector Richard von Wettstein . They referred to the model of the Academic Legion of 1848. The military leadership, however, did not agree. There was only a short-term establishment of an “academic registration and information center for voluntary military service” at the University of Vienna, as well as a “batch school for academic volunteers”, which was also set up for a short time. Both institutions only existed for a few months. An academic legion did not come about.

literature

  • August Silberstein : History of the auditorium. The Vienna University and the Academic Legion from March to the end of October 1848 . Mannheim 1848 ( full text in the Google book search).
  • Songbook for the National Guard and Academic Legion , Vienna 1848. ( Digitized at the Munich Digitization Center , contains only the even-numbered pages).
  • Adolf Wiesner: Mr. Heinrich Laube against Friedrich Hecker , Robert Blum , Adolph von Trütschler , the Vienna Student Legion . 1850
  • Paul Molisch: The Vienna Academic Legion in 1848 . Monthly journal of the Association for the History of the City of Vienna 36 (1919), p. 25 ff.
  • Paul Molisch: The Vienna Academic Legion and its part in the constitutional struggles of 1848 , in: Archive for Austrian History 110/1. Half (1924), pp. 3–207. Summarized in: Reich von Rohrwig, Otto Hermann : The Vienna Academic Legion of 1848 , in: Burschenschaftliche Blätter 51/12 (1937), pp. 276–279.
  • Karl Marx , Friedrich Engels - Works, Volume 8: Revolution and Counterrevolution in Germany , London 1852. Edition East Berlin 1960, pp. 61–66, from it: The Vienna October Uprising .
  • Franz Gall: Alma Mater Rudolphina. 1365-1965. The Vienna University and its students . Verlag Austria Press, Vienna 1965, p. 154 ff.
  • Julius Marx: The beginnings of the Vienna academic legion and its officer corps 1848 , in: Mitteilungen des Österreichisches Staatsarchivs 21 (1968), pp. 165-213.
  • Reinhold Reimann: “Offering a free song to freedom” - from students in Graz 1848/49 . Styrian Student Historians Association, Graz 1998.
  • Georg Christoph Berger Waldenegg: The Vienna Academic Legion during the Revolution of 1848 from the perspective of the Council of Ministers . Franz Steiner Verlag 2001, ISBN 3-515-07546-1 . GoogleBooks
  • Christian Ortner : The swords of the academic legion , in: Viribus Unitis. Annual report 2003 of the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum , Vienna 2004, pp. 43–50.

Further literature can be found at

  • Michael Gehler: History of the emergence, organization and impact of Austrian student associations with special consideration of the Vormärz (1815-1848) , in: Hambach Society for Historical Research and Political Education (ed.): Yearbook 4 of the Hambach Society 1992/93, Neustadt ad Weinstrasse 1993, pp. 37-67, here p. 42 f.
  • Konrad H. Jarausch: German Students 1800–1970 , Frankfurt a. M. 1984, 2nd edition 1989, p. 51 f.
  • Thomas Maisel: Alma Mater on the barricades. The University of Vienna in the revolutionary year 1848 , Vienna 1998.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Academic Legion in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
  2. ^ Raimund Lang : Muted Revolution Sounds. Johann Strauss father's “March of the Student Legion” . Studenten-Kurier 3/2013, pp. 22–23.
  3. ↑ Marco Polo 8225343
  4. ^ Mitchell G. Ash: The University of Vienna in the political upheavals of the 19th and 20th centuries . In: Mitchell G. Ash, Josef Ehmer (ed.): University - Politics - Society . V & R Unipress, Göttingen 2015, pp. 29–172, here: p. 57; Marian Miehl: Student representative organizations and their politics in the interwar period , diploma thesis at the University of Vienna, Vienna 2008, online , p. 28f.