Alexei Grigoryevich Bobrinsky

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Count Alexei Grigoryevich Bobrinsky, ca.1780
Alexei Grigoryevich Bobrinsky, portrait by Carl-Ludwig Christinek , ca.1770

Count Alexei Grigorievich Bobrinski ( Russian Алексей Григорьевич Бобринский ; born March 31, jul. / 11. April  1762 greg. In the Winter Palace , St. Petersburg ; † June 8 jul. / 20th June  1813 greg. In bogoroditsk ) was a Russian major general .

Life

Bobrinski was an illegitimate son of Catherine II from the connection with Count Grigory Orlov . Pregnancy and childbirth were kept as a strict secret. The newborn was immediately placed in the care of the imperial valet Vasili Shkurin, in whose family he grew up until 1774. Peter III who was staying with his lover in Oranienbaum was not informed of this. Officially, the child, who initially had the family name Romanov, was considered the son of the tsar. It could have claimed the throne in the future. On June 1st jul. / June 12th 1762 greg. Orlov was released and the divorce and deportation of Katharinas to Germany were discussed. A conspiracy eventually led to the overthrow and murder of Peter III.

The Empress placed great hopes in her son, who was strikingly like her. Because of his origins, he grew up far from the court of the tsars. She visited him from time to time to inquire about the child's well-being. After her accession to the throne, she had deposited 1 million rubles for him at a St. Petersburg lending bank. It cannot be ruled out that Katharina intended to appoint Alexei instead of Paul as her successor for a while.

After attending the cadet school under the supervision of Admiral José de Ribas , he spent up to the age of 15 in a Leipzig educational institution. At the age of 13 he had knowledge of Russian and French and German. In 1773 he received the family name Bobrinski as the owner of the Bobriki rule in the Tula governorate . In 1774 he was placed under the tutelage of Ivan Ivanovich Bezkoi , the personal secretary of the Empress. In 1782 he completed a corps training as a lieutenant with distinction. In 1783 Bobrinski began a trip to Europe that took him to Warsaw, Vienna, Venice, Florence, Rome, Naples, Turin and Geneva, among others.

In the spring of 1785 he and his companions arrived in Paris. During his stay there he had gone into questionable company. He got into debt, kept in touch with easy girls and publicly pretended to be the empress's son and favorite. In a letter to Friedrich Melchior Grimm , who acted as an intermediary between Bobrinski and his mother, the Empress Grimm confessed that Orlow's son was a disappointment for her. Extremely dissatisfied, he was called back from Paris. By order of the imperial house, he was forced to take up his residence in Reval from 1788 . There he had to make do with 30,000 rubles a year, the rest of his capital.

In 1788 he was appointed captain of the guard on horseback. In 1790 he was raised to the rank of brigadier . In 1794 he acquired Oberpahlen Castle . As a guest in the house of the commandant of the fortress Reval Waldemar von Ungern-Sternberg , he fell in love with his daughter. The empress gave her consent to the marriage and received the newly wed couple in St. Petersburg. A short time later she died. Some deeds of donation and the money Katharina had invested for Bobrinski were found in her estate papers. Paul gave his mother's estates to his brother, but kept the money to himself. It is possible that Alexander I later used it to wage war against Napoleon.

It was rumored that after his mother's death, Bobrinsky might fall out of favor and be exiled to Siberia . With the enthronement of Paul I , however, he received permission to live in St. Petersburg and Moscow, where he ultimately lived in representative townhouses. The emperor publicly called Bobrinski his brother. He became a Russian major general and holder of the Order of St. Anne, First Class. In 1796 the emperor made him hereditary count. In 1797 she was enrolled in the Livonian Knighthood (No. 249). After retiring from military service, Bobrinski retired to his estate near Tula. In 1798, Empress Maria Feodorovna gave him a palace in St. Petersburg as a gift, which he rarely lived in. He died in 1813, at the age of 51, and was buried in the family mausoleum in Bobriki near Donskoi , where his body is still to this day despite the desecration of the grave by the Bolsheviks .

coat of arms

Coat of arms of Count Bobrinski
Countess Anna Vladimirovna Bobrinsky, b. from Ungern-Sternberg

A crowned imperial (Russian) black double-headed eagle in a cross-cut shield covered with a golden heart shield. The upper half of the shield is split again. It shows an eagle (Orlov's coat of arms) of mistaken tincture in the front field split by silver and blue. In the lower half of the silver shield, a crowned black bear with a gold collar (coat of arms of Anhalt) climbs on the battlements of a red wall descending diagonally to the left with a golden gate.

On the count's crown, which is covered by the shield, rests a countlessly crowned helmet with blankets in blue gold and black gold, which repeatedly bears the eagle of the heart shield. The sign rests on a brown marble pedestal, through whose two side openings a silver banner with the motto: "Your life for God's glory" in Russian and black lapidary writing is drawn.

family

In 1796 he married Anna Dorothea von Ungern-Sternberg (1769–1846). The marriage resulted in a daughter and three sons:

  • Maria Alexandrovna (1798–1835), ⚭ Prince Nikolai Sergejewitsch Gagarin (1784–1842).
  • Alexei Alexandrovich (1800–1868), ⚭ Sofia Alexandrowna Samoilova (1797–1866).
  • Pawel Alexandrovich (1801–1830), ⚭ Julia Stanislawowna Sobakina (1804–1892).
  • Vasily Alexandrovich (1804-1874).

He left another natural son:

  • Nikolai Alexandrowitsch Raiko (1794-1854).

ancestors

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ivan Ivanovich Orlov
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Grigory Ivanovich Orlov
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Grigory Grigoryevich Orlov
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ivan Nikititsch Zinoviev
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lukeria Ivanovna Zinovieva
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Marfa Stepanovna Kozlovskaya
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Alexei Grigoryevich Bobrinsky
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Johann Ludwig I of Anhalt-Zerbst
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Christian August von Anhalt-Zerbst
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Christine Eleonore von Zeutsch
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Catherine II of Russia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Christian August of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Johanna Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Albertine Friederike von Baden-Durlach
 
 
 
 
 
 

Web links

Commons : Alexey Bobrinsky  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Georg Adolf Wilhelm von Helbig: Russian favorites , Tübingen 1809, pp. 311-312.
  2. ↑ Friedrich Christoph Schlosser: History of the eighteenth century and the nineteenth to the fall of the French Empire: with special consideration for intellectual education . JCB Mohr, 1842 ( google.de [accessed January 15, 2020]).
  3. ↑ A. Kleinschmidt: Russia's history and politics . Рипол Классик, 1877, ISBN 978-5-87277-464-8 ( google.de [accessed January 15, 2020]).
  4. ↑ Arthur Kleinschmidt : Russia's history and politics presented in the history of the Russian high nobility . Ray., 1877 ( google.de [accessed January 1, 2020]).
  5. ↑ russian wait: Anhaltisch- Russian intersections by Catherine II revived in bogoroditsk.. In: russianhalthistory. September 2, 2015, accessed on January 1, 2020 (German).
  6. ^ Winfried Wolf: Friedrich Melchior Grimm, an enlightener from Regensburg: straw chair and carriage - a life between Paris and Saint Petersburg . epubli, 2017, ISBN 978-3-7450-0668-1 ( google.de [accessed January 1, 2020]).
  7. ↑ The Linguist Institute: Linguist. Retrieved January 15, 2020 .
  8. ↑ Magnus Jakob von Crusenstolpe : The Russian court from Peter I to Nicolaus I .: with an introduction Russia before Peter the First. Third volume . Hoffmann and Campe, 1856 ( google.de [accessed January 1, 2020]).
  9. ^ Carl Arvid von Klingspor : Baltisches Wappenbuch , with drawings by Adolf Matthias Hildebrandt , Stockholm 1882, p. 70 , Tfl. 13 (4).
  10. ^ Johann Siebmacher: J. Siebmacher's large and general Wappenbuch: in a new, fully ordered and richly increased edition with heraldic and historical-genealogical explanations . Bauer and Raspe, 1871 ( google.de [accessed on January 16, 2020]).
  11. ↑ Otto Magnus von Stackelberg (Ed.): Genealogical Handbook of the Estonian Knighthood , Vol .: 1, Görlitz, [1931], p. 28.
personal data
SURNAME Bobrinsky, Alexei Grigoryevich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Бобринский, Алексей Григорьевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian major general
DATE OF BIRTH April 11, 1762
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH June 20, 1813
Place of death Bogoroditsk