General Declaration of Human Duties

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The term human duty is mainly due to the Universal Declaration of Human Responsibilities (Universal Declaration of Human Responsibilities ) coined. This declaration was published in 1997 through an initiative of the InterAction Council in connection with the 50th anniversary of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights . The declaration of human obligations consists of a preamble and a total of 19 articles, which describe obligations that should be imposed on all people.

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In nineteen articles, humane behavior is discussed in more detail. One of the basic guidelines is to behave peacefully , to treat other people in a friendly and understanding manner and to be helpful (see also the golden rule ). No person , no state , no organization , no social group and no state apparatus stands above things or beyond good and evil . Each individual is subject to his conscience , bears the consequences of his actions and should behave in a spirit of brotherhood . This prohibits waging war, violence and terrorism, but does not exclude self-defense in the event of an attack.

Another article calls for a life of truthfulness and tolerance . This means, for example, that nobody (not even politicians , entrepreneurs , journalists or scientists ) should lie, cheat or manipulate their fellow human beings. Hate , violence and war in the name of a religion , a worldview or a political opinion contradict this declaration. Religious communities and authorities that preach enmity, violence, intolerance or even war deserve the loss of their allegiance and reputation.

The equality of men and women and partnership in marriage are very important . The coexistence of men and women should be characterized by love, loyalty, durability and respect. Marriage should give the spouses and children security and protection. Nobody may be forced to marry against their will . Sexual exploitation and violence are rejected as reprehensible.

Another article calls for fair and equitable behavior and proper use of property . All forms of theft , exploitation, fraud , disadvantage and an unjust economic order are considered unjust and inhuman. Everyone should use their property in such a way that it also serves the general public.

In this declaration, reverence for life is not limited to human life, but includes animals , plants , the ground, water and air . People should ensure that nature and fellow creatures are protected and preserved.

The last article states that no provision of this declaration may be interpreted in such a way that any state , organization , state apparatus , religious group , social group or individual violates the human rights of 1948 .

Signatory

The first signatories of the declaration were: Helmut Schmidt , Malcolm Fraser , Andries AM van Agt , Anand Panyarachun , Óscar Arias Sánchez , Lord Callaghan of Cardiff , Jimmy Carter , Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado , Kurt Furgler , Valéry Giscard d'Estaing , Felipe González , Selim al-Hoss , Kenneth Kaunda , Lee Kuan Yew , Kiichi Miyazawa , Misael Pastrana Borrero , Schimon Peres , Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo , José Sarney , Shin Hyeon-hwak , Kalevi Sorsa , Pierre Elliott Trudeau , Ola Ullstenky , Georgios Vassitzou and Franz Vranitzili .

reception

Human duties are also found in the African Charter of Human Rights and the Rights of the Peoples (Articles 27-29), the American Declaration of Human Rights and Duties (Articles 29-37), and the American Convention on Human Rights (Article 32).

See also

literature

  • InterAction Council (Author), Norbert Thomassen (Ed.): "Responsibility - The General Declaration of Human Duties of the InterAction Council in 40 Languages", Grupello 2017, ISBN 978-3-89978-279-0 .
  • Aleida Assmann: Human Rights and Human Duties - In Search of a New Social Contract (Wiener Vorlesungen) Picus-Verlag 2017, ISBN 978-3711730077
  • Helmut Schmidt (ed.): General declaration of human obligations. A suggestion. 1st edition, Piper 1998, ISBN 978-3492226646 .
  • Jane Goodhill (Ed.): Human Duties . A (love) declaration in 19 articles. Frankfurt am Main: Edition Büchergilde 2011. ISBN 978-3-940111-90-6 .

Web links

Wikisource: Universal Declaration of Human Responsibilities  - Sources and full texts (English)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ InterAction Concil: Universal Declaration of Human Responsibilities. Retrieved November 14, 2019 .
  2. ^ DRI - Human and Global Development Research Institute: Human Duties. Retrieved November 14, 2019 .