Old Schwinz
Coordinates: 53 ° 37 ' N , 12 ° 8' E
Alt Schwinz, still Schwinz in 1916 , is a district of the Dobbertin municipality in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . The village is located north of Lake Goldberg in the Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide nature park on the old country road between the monasteries Dobbertin and Malchow.
geography
The Heidedorf Alt Schwinz is located north of the Goldberger See, the former Groten See in the Schwinzer Heide and gave this large forest area its name. The local development is at a terrain height of about 50 to 55 m. ü. NHN , to Goldberger See it falls to 46.5 m. ü. NHN from.
The large meadow between Old and New Schwinz was once a shallow water area and was only created when Lake Goldberger See subsided. The place where the path to Neu Schwinz and Jellen forks is called the Schafbrücke , as the sheep used to be herded across the bridge there. At the beginning of 1700 the monastery office in Jellen had set up a small sheep farm.
The field mark of the town of Goldberg begins a little to the west of the village. Today Alt Schwinz lies between two military restricted areas in the nature park. A county road leads through the village. It crosses the heather and connects the federal road 192 near Dobbertin with the state road 37 in Bossow .
history
The name is known nationwide through the Schwinzer Heide. But until the 19th century, Schwinz was not as remote and meaningless as it is today. Several old post and trade routes led through the heath and thus through Schwinz, including a connection between the monasteries Dobbertin and Malchow . Travelers avoided the swamps on the southern lakes, but took advantage of the relaxation at the Green Hunter .
The name Swenze could stand for the Slavic strong or holy or be interpreted as the place of the Svent . Swenze was first mentioned in 1316 on the occasion of a division of land between Johann and Henning of the princely line Werle-Güstrow, from which one can conclude that it was of some importance at the time.
From 1455 to 1460, the Dobbertin monastery bought the field marks of Jellen , Schwinz and Lankavel. Like Jellen, Schwinz lay on poor ground in the southeastern sand area and was already desolate in 1460 . On September 29, 1460, the monastery provost Nicolaus Beringer and the prioress Ermegard Oldenborges and the Dobbertiner convent bought the "Wuste Acker Dorff Swintze, documented in the vogtey zu Goldberch" from the brothers Joachim, Henning and Hermann Hagenow from Kressin for 300 Lübische Marks . According to testimony in the case files on the Schwinzer Heide in the Imperial Court of Justice for the final demarcation of the Dannenwald between the Knights of Grabow from Woosten and the Dobbertin monastery, the Jellener and Schwinzer Flur reached as far as the Groten See in 1570 . The exact location of the Schwinz desert site has not yet been determined. It is believed that centuries ago there was also a pagan sanctuary on this desert. It could have been between the Lütt See and the Großer Schwinzer Wiese on the Alte Malchower Landstrasse with the field name Bi de Kirch . The intersection is called Am Stein and the monolithic signpost that still exists there was once placed by the monastery office.
The formerly much larger eastern silting area of the Goldberger See bears the name Rurbrok . In the pipe burst there, pipes were once extracted for roofing.
Village
On the land route to the Green Jäger north of the Scheeper Wiese, there was already a Teerschweler house in 1747 with a double-walled brick oven for the production of wood tar and charcoal. On December 5, 1754, the provisional agents Johann Dietrich von der Osten and Joachim Friedrich Matthias von Grabow, together with the monastery captain Jobst Hinrich von Bülow, extended the contract with the tar swimmer Johann Friedrich Kuntzler in Schwinz for a further four years. The Teerscheler house was described in the inventory of May 10, 1747, recorded by the notary Johann Joachim Schröder in the presence of the chef Engelck Paschen Friesen, the wood bailiff Jobst Haasen and the Theer-Schweler Kuntzler. The residential house of 4 packs. The soles of von Tannen Holtz and worm-punctured, in the west already quite sore. The roof all over by pipe. The floorboard made of clay and humped. The upper floor of paved planks. On the hall there are 2 chambers with doors, the floor made of clay, the stove made of brick, 2 chambers made of fir wood, 4 panel windows, 4 panes are kinked 2 but are missing. The barn of 3 bundles, the wood everywhere fir trees, the roof of thatch, mediocre, but bad.
The Scheeper Wisch was a remnant of the Hudewald forest , where cattle once grazed and a small sheep farm.
Schwinz was not yet mentioned in the register of confessors in the Dobbertin parish of 1751.
The first cottages for forest workers were built before 1790 after the forestry yard north of the Goldberger See, now called Alt Schwinz, was built. In 1796 Johann Fründt, Johann Schultz and David Leverentz lived in the village. The dry, sunken areas in front of today's shores of Lake Goldberger See were still used as pastureland and meadows 70 years ago. In 1798 the Güstrow merchant Rosenow sued the monastery district court in Dobbertin against the wood warden Kohlscharen from Schwinz. Nothing was known about the outcome of the lawsuit.
In 1818, 25 people lived in Schwinz, including the district forester, two hunters and five families of day laborers.
Before 1821 there was a cottage with four apartments and the new stable opposite the forester's yard. A little further east on both sides of the country road to Waren there are two more cottages with two apartments each. In 1831 a one-tier Kathen with an apartment was built. In 1839 a four-tier Kathen was added. According to the room inspection protocol from 1858, Dieckmann's cottage had to be re-covered with pipe, the front roof had to be repaired at Westphal, two windows had to be replaced at Jacobs, the fire stoves had to be renewed for Biermann and the day laborer Ehlert, and a new front door had to be made for Bollmann.
Since 1854 there was a school room in Schwinz. On the instructions of the monastery captain Otto Julius Freiherr von Maltzan, the children of the residents who had come from Ruest were to be given the opportunity to attend school "without having to walk too far across the fields to Kirch Kogel" by employing a school teacher.
On December 1, 1876 80 inhabitants were counted in Schwinz. The ten kilometer long road from Schwinz to the railway to the switch to Bossow, completed in 1886, was in use at Christmas 1887. The costs were 87,248.22 marks and a roadside attendant was responsible for the technical supervision.
In order to combat rural exodus , the Dobbertiner forester Beese wanted to build a new school on the so-called Schafbrücke . At the crossroads, the 20 school children from the four towns would have had to walk the same distance of just one kilometer. The proposal was rejected by the ministry seven months later.
Incorporation
With a resolution of the Mecklenburg-Schwerin regional administrative council of January 20, 1923, the rural communities Dobbertin and Jellen-Kleesten-Schwinz were merged into one rural community in accordance with Section 4 of the regional municipality code of May 20, 1920, with the stipulation that nothing was changed in the church conditions of the community .
Forsthof
In 1760, the forester's farm Schwinz was established by the Dobbertiner monastery office at the entrance to the largest forest area of the former monastery forest, the Schwinzer Heide, at a location that was convenient for traffic at the time. Here the Warener and Malchower Landstrasse crossed to the east and land routes to Jellen and Kleesten branched off to the north. The Alte Poststrasse led to Krakow and Güstrow.
In the minutes of the Dobbertin Monastery District Court of May 20, 1769, the forester Jobst Hinrich Haase had stated under oath that firs were felled unhindered in the Kleester Tannen near Lüschower See and secretly brought to Goldberg. He followed the trail and found the stolen fir trees on Eickelberg's farm in Goldberg. Several years earlier, Eickelberg had already undertaken to secretly cut down a fir tree. As a first measure, the monastery office had the horse rider pick up the horse from Eickelberg's farm. In 1798 there was a complaint for interference in monastic hunting and for wood theft of Sammite residents by the official hunter Colschhorn, who was in the service of the Schwinzer forester Gundlach.
The Forsthof is located at the entrance to the largest forest area in the former monastery forest, the Schwinzer Heide. In 1805 the New Forsten House was built.
In 1840 there was a barn with a stable and a cattle house next to the forester's house. According to the room inspection protocol from 1858, the inside and outside walls of the old forester's house had to be repaired.
In 1872, today's forester's house and another building as a wagon shower as well as the horse and chicken coop were built on the forest farm. The old barn was demolished because it was in disrepair. The forester's house, a brick-faced building with five axes, stands on a fieldstone plinth that has already been hewn several times in the Dobbertin monastery . The jamb floor is provided with a flat gable roof. The two-winged entrance is via a gently curved flight of stairs. A wild feed shed for the Schwinzer Forst was added in 1889.
As a result, foresters were:
- Before 1764, Jobst Ludwig Haase
- 1764 Friedrich Zander
- 1769 son Jobst Hinrich Haase, since 1755 magistrate in Schwinz
- 1755 official hunter and from 1769 forester Jobst Hinrich Haase still 1788,
- 1798 Forester Gundlach, hunter Colschhorn
- 1813-1827 Neckel
- 1833-1862 Jacobs
- 1863–1867 Wendland
- 1868–1896 Georg Kaphengst, after 37 years in monastic service, 30 of them in Schwinz, received a service horse in 1890.
- 1897–1911 Friedrich Zebuhr from Darze
- 1907 Revierjäger Heiden from Schwarz to Schwinz, Revierjäger Fischer from Schwinz to Lähnwitz
- 1911–1916 Karl Sauer, came from Dobbertin as an official hunter on July 1, 1911, station hunter was Linshöft
- 1923 station hunter Ulrich Mau
- 1933–1936 Gustav Schriever, assistant forester, after joining the NSDAP district forester, then until 1945 local group leader of the NSDAP in Dobbertin.
- 1939–1945 Lau
- 1945–1954 Ewald Krüger
- 1954–1961 Hugo Schwark
- 1961 NVA
- 1968 Harry Linke for NVA districts
- 1971 Willi Zorn
- 1984 Hugo Schwark, Andreas Sudhof
- 1993 Wolfram Mieth
On February 14, 1901, Sergeant Hamann of Gendarmerie Goldberg reported to the route deputy of the Grand Ducal Office of Lübz because of a broken sign on Malchower Landstrasse in Schwinzer Heide.
In 1907 Feldmark Kleesten came to the Schwinzer Revier. In addition to a service horse, the forester Zebuhr received 400 marks a year to cope with the higher demands. The Schwinz forest district was reduced in size in 1911, and the Kleesten and Rum Kogel protective districts were merged to form the independent Kleesten forest district. Station hunter Linshöft stayed in Schwinz.
In 1919 the forest district sold six hundredweight worthless files to the Stettin paper mill.
In 1929, 635 hectares of forest belonged to the Schwinzer forest district, 567 hectares of which were coniferous wood and 11.3 hectares of coppice forest . The management was carried out with ten forest workers. The forester had 19.9 hectares of service land, 11.3 hectares of which were arable, 8.6 hectares of meadows and 0.2 hectares of gardens with some fruit trees. He had three horses, ten cows and eight pigs to look after as cattle. At that time there was a good population of red deer, fallow deer and wild boar in the forest district.
In 1942, the Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests rejected the application of the district forester Lau to set up a stove in the servants' room of the stables for three Soviet civilian workers because of the risk of fire.
In 1955 the Forsthof was connected to the electrical power grid.
Monastery forest
With the establishment of the forester's farm in Schwinz in 1760, the monastery office began extensive thinning of the existing forest in the field of Kleesten. The surveying register from 1728 reads: "that you can still see the rudera [remains] in some places, that all of them were fields that were overgrown with high and strong ridges ..." The forestry of the sandy soils was more productive than the previous grain cultivation . The areas around Jellen remained for the dairy and sheep farm there. After the designated forest areas were separated, they were managed and supervised by monastery employees, foresters, lumberjacks, hunters, forest workers and forest workers. The monastery forest became an important economic factor for the Dobbertin monastery office.
The territorial forest division of the monastery forests took place as an area framework. That was the transfer of a grid of aisles into nature. In the Wiebeking map of 1786, the network of aisles of the Dobbertiner monastery forests is already present. This parceling was first carried out in Mecklenburg and still exists today. The entire forest was divided into 28 caverns of the same size as possible, i.e. H. divided into areas to be managed for forestry. The naturally existing mixed forest was gradually separated by the kavel system and could be reforested. For this purpose, on warm spring days, when the pine cones could be opened, the seeds were brought into the ground by the forest workers. In 1825, a seed house was even built in Dobbertin to extract seeds from pine cones .
It is worth mentioning the Schwinzer oaks on the flat hill in the Ruhrbrok , which are not inferior to the Kladen oaks in terms of age.
On the night of June 5th to 6th, 1862, a hurricane wreaked havoc in the Schwinzer Revier; well over 1000 trunks were broken down. A storm on February 11, 1898 damaged the oldest and most valuable trees in the Schwinz forest district in Kavel 25.
To avoid further damage from game in the Kirch Kogeler Feld, a game fence was built in 1899 on the northern border of the Schwinzer Revier from Lüschowsee to Neu Sammiter Scheide over a length of 14.7 kilometers. The so-called rod gate including the entrances, catch gates and satisfaction of the feeding places cost 13,250 marks with material, transport and wages.
The monastery forest area was divided into 13 districts with Schwinz until it was dissolved in 1919. The monastery forest office had its seat in Dobbertin. The forest inspector's house built for this purpose in 1804 was given a separate forest yard in 1830. The official hunter lived in the Actuariushaus from 1835. After it was dissolved in 1920, the Dobbertin State Forestry Office was responsible until 1945.
In the post-war years, 238.7 hectares of clear-cutting areas were reported in the Schwinz district forester in 1948 and a further 211.5 hectares in 1951. From 1952 Schwinz belonged to the State Forestry Company (StFB) Parchim, which was incorporated into the StFB Güstrow in 1975.
Since the military use of a forest area of 2,300 hectares in the Schwinzer Heide by the National People's Army (NVA) and the NVA hunting company, these have been managed by the military forestry company (MFB) in Lübenheen from 1960 onwards . It was the whole Schwinz district and parts of Jellen. The military restricted area to the east and west of Schwinz, created in 1964, included the barracks on Lake Goldberger See, the firing range, a tank driving school stretch of eight kilometers, a cleared and cleared tactics training area of over 80 hectares, a blasting area, an underground and specially secured command post, a short-term water test track for tanks as well as training and deployment areas for missile troops. Subordinated to the federal forest administration since 1992 , the shooting range in the nature park is still used by the armed forces.
Architectural monuments
The Forsthof Alt Schwinz 5 is a listed building .
Natural monument
On the road from Dobbertin to Bossow, behind the former Hellberg brickworks, in front of the old Schwinzer Forsthof is the Schwinzer Hellberg clay pit .
Say
- The burning money
“ The old Goldbergers still lived through it, every year at Midsummer a bright glow could be seen on the other side of the Goldberger See at midnight. It came from a treasure that was buried there. The site was in the Schwinzer Forest, directly on the bank near the Soelkenberg. It was not known who hid it there. However, for some years it has not been a matter of concern whether someone dug up the treasure? "
On the eastern side of the Goldberger See nothing can be seen today that could have contributed to the origin of the legend. There is a very small forest area there called the Cavel . This piece of pine forest used to be called Borg Born Cavel, today it is still called Born-Kavel. The area was only afforested in the middle of the 15th century, with the desertification of the village of Schwinz. Nearby, perhaps between the Goldberger and the now silted up Kleiner See , further east, the old Schwinz could have been.
literature
- Horst Alsleben : Old Schwinz . In: The farmers and forest workers' villages in the nature park and its surroundings. Ed. Naturpark Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide, Karow 2012 (From Culture and Science, Issue 7) ISBN 978-3-941971-07-3 , pp. 49–50.
- Horst Alsleben: Dobbertin Monastery before and after 1945: From use by refugees and as a mother's home to use for resettlers and as a state retirement home. In: Contemporary history regional. Messages from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Issue 1 + 2, Rostock 2019, pp. 102-113.
- Friedrich-Wilhelm Borchert: Brick making history (s), former brickworks on Lehm- and Brickstrasse. Petrol 2011 ISBN 978-3-9807459-1-8 .
- Franz Engel: German and Slavic influences in the Dobbertiner cultural landscape. Würzburg 1934. VII, (Series of publications by the Geographical Institute of the University of Kiel; Volume II, Issue 3)
- Franz Engel: The Mecklenburg village of Schwinz, Jellen, Kleesten. In: Low German Observer. (1936), 98.
- (Large) Ducal Mecklenburg-Schwerin State Calendar. Schwerin 1 (1776) - 143 (1918), I. Monastery property: Dobbertin monastery office.
- Heimatverein Wooster Heide eV Sandhof: The Wooster Heide and its forest villages. Luebz 2004.
- Burghard Keuthe: Parchimer legends. Part III. (1999), p. 170.
- Burghard Keuthe: Pümpeltut and other field names of the Schwinzer Heide and adjacent field marks of the Parchim district. Ed .: Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide Nature Park (unpublished) 2004, p. 51.
- Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch (MUB) Volume VI, Schwerin 1870 and Urkunden-Regesten No. 166.
- Fred Ruchhöft : The development of the cultural landscape in the Plau-Goldberg area in the Middle Ages. Ed .: Kersten Krüger, Stefan Kroll , Rostocker Studien zur Regionalgeschichte, Volume 5, Rostock 2001, pp. 133, 204, 274, 312, 316.
- Klaus Weidermann: In: On the history of forests, forests and settlements. Ed .: Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide Nature Park. Karow, 1999. (From culture and science; Issue 1). Pp. 8-55.
swell
Printed sources
- Mecklenburg record book (MUB)
Unprinted sources
-
State Main Archive Schwerin (LHAS)
- LHAS 1.5-4 / 3 documents Dobbertin monastery
- LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Provincial Monastery / Monastery Office Dobbertin
- LHAS 3.2-4 Knightly fire insurance
- LHAS 5.11-2
- LHAS 5.12-3 / 1 Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry of the Interior
- LHAS 5.12-4 / 2 Mecklenburg Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests
cards
- Topographical, economic and military chart of the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1758 Dobbertin monastery office with the Sandpropstei of Count Schmettau.
- Directional survey map from the noble Dobbertin monastery office. 1759.
- A chart of the possessions of the Dobbertin Monastery, Section I., 1822, contains Schwinz, made by SH Zebuhr based on the existing estate maps from 1822.
- Bertram Christian von Hoinckhusen: Mecklenburg Atlas around 1700 with description of the offices, sheet 61 description of the monastery office Dobbertin.
- Wiebeking map of Mecklenburg 1786.
- Economic map of the Dobbertin Forestry Office 1927/1928.
- Official cycling and hiking map of the Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide Nature Park 2010.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ MUB VI. (1870) No. 3860.
- ↑ LHAS 1.5-4 / 3 documents Dobbertin Monastery , Regesten 166.
- ↑ LHAS 3.3-3 / 1 Provincial Monastery Dobbertin No. 4342
- ^ Franz Engel: The Mecklenburg village. P. 17.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 4344.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 3250 Inventories of houses 1699 to 1755.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-4 Knightly Fire Insurance. No. 560.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 372 Monastery District Court.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-4 Knightly fire insurance. No. 560.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 1262 Main register of the Dobbertin Monastery Office 1831–1832.
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Minutes of the Landtag. November 13, 1839, No. 18.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 532.
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Minutes of the Landtag. November 17, 1858, no.15.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 432 R, 513.
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Minutes of the Landtag. November 23, 1886, No. 12, November 16, 1887, No. 10, 11.
- ↑ LHAS 5.12-4 / 2 Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests, Forests Dept. No. 513.
- ↑ LHAS 5.12-4 / 3 MfLDF 6788/1
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 437.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 3542.
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Protocols of the Landtag. 1805.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-4 Knightly Fire Insurance, 560.
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Landtag Protocol 1872, 39.
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Minutes of the Landtag. November 19, 1890, no.29.
- ↑ Horst Alsleben: Dobbertin Monastery before and after 1945. 2019, pp. 104–105.
- ^ Museum Goldberg, Klosterforst files. No. 1425.
- ↑ LHAS 5.12-4 / 2 MfLDF. F 196.
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Protocols of the Landtag 1899.
- ^ Information from former head forester Gerhard Cornelsen, 2006.
- ^ Klaus Weidermann: Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide Nature Park. 1999, pp. 47-49.
- ↑ Burghard Keuthe: Parchimer say. Part III. Parchim 1999, p. 170.