Kleesten
Coordinates: 53 ° 38 ' N , 12 ° 7' E
Kleesten is a district of the municipality Dobbertin in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania on the northern edge of the Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide nature reserve . The place has eight inhabitants (as of 2011).
geography
The small town of Kleesten is located on the northern edge of the forest area of the same name in the Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide nature park, four kilometers east of Dobbertin.
As the most important transport connection from Güstrow, a land route once led via Kleesten and Schwinz with a transition via the Mildenitz to Goldberg . After the construction of the Kunststrasse, today's Landesstrasse 17, the land route lost its importance in 1849 and Kleesten became a remote place in the forest.
The village lies at an altitude of about 53 m above sea level. NHN . The wooded terrain rises to over 70 meters to the east and west. A ditch rises in the south-sloping gully that flows through the Kleestensee lake and drains its water towards Jasenitz . To the north-east of the village lies the Perschsee, which is already on the territory of the municipality of Reimershagen in the Rostock district.
history
Kleesten was first mentioned as a body of water when Dobbertin was awarded. Because in 1227 “the first thought were given by Bach Clestene, who separates the greintze between Golz and Dobrotin” .
On August 26, 1251, Nicolaus, Prince of Werle “awarded the village of Clesten with all its accessories to the Closter Dobertin, as owned by Lippoldus miles” . Apparently a former Slavic village already existed when the monastery was granted to the knight Lippold.
Thanks to generous donations, the Dobbertin Monastery came into possession of a closed core area around Dobbertin. During the expansion from 1237 to 1300, Kleesten also came into monastery ownership.
The Jasenitz or the desert Mühlenbach was until then the border between Dobbertin and Kleesten. Located east of this brook, Kleesten came to Feldmark Dobbertin in the following years. The place where the desert mill stood is unknown. It could originally have belonged to Kleesten, because the Jasenitz stream was mentioned as the Clestene stream as early as 1227.
The fish-rich lakes in the area gave the village the name with the Slavic word klesce, kleschtsche , which means something like bream or lead . Kleesten was also known as a gorge town.
The Duwiks-Kuhl , the only known Slavic field name, is located a little east of the Perschsee in the Kleester Tannen . The horsetail grows in this hollow.
Village and estate
It was not until 1402 that Kleesten finally came into unrestricted monastic ownership. In 1540 only ten positions were filled. In the lease register from 1561 it can be read that in addition to the Dobbertiner building yard, farmers from Kleesten and Jellen also leased pieces of the Houe field on the deserted Kaulike field .
In the old ambst manual of the Dobbertiner monastery office from 1593 it can be read that Hans Frohkost drowned himself in 1587 and Tias Vicke took over Frokost's widow from Jellen, along with a cat, a horse, three oxen, a cow, six pigs and inventory. In addition to pasture offenses, unauthorized cattle sales, wood theft and physical injuries in fights, it was noted in 1593: The Keesten farmers talked illegally at the monastery court.
On the main traffic connection from north to south, in 1572, at the Kleesten intersection of the country route to Kirch Kogel, there was a jug with an inn and relaxation area. During the Thirty Years' War in 1637, the year the Dobbertiner area was thoroughly devastated, Kleesten was also completely destroyed and in 1646 was still completely desolate .
The former village is said to have been on the plain south of the road from Kleesten to Jellen, as the remains of the wall there still show. In the main account book at the Jungfreulichen Closter Ambt Dobbertin in the name of God , the kitchen master Arendt Calsow zu Cleesten wrote in 1674: This village has also become desolate in the last 30 years of Teutonic wars, so that a Schefferey has now been made. During these years Paschen Gleuder, Chim Lange, Tews Grützmacher, Chim Rahtmann, Chim Schröder, Jochim Kobow, Hanß Kröger, Peter Kach and Hanß Hawemann worked in Kleesten.
It was not until 46 years later that the Dobbertiner monastery office placed “a small Scheffery with 10 farms, also called Meyerey.” In 1703, the shepherd Arendt Langhof had to look after 490 sheep, 2 horses, 8 cattle and 16 pigs with his servant and maid. According to the register of confessors from 1704, Kleesten, then also known as Kleisten, belonged to the Kirchspiel Kirch Kogel. In 1728 the Häcker (farm worker who tilled with a hook plow), Joachim Schliemann and his wife Maria, the shepherd Jochim Haase with his wife and the shepherd servant Johann Schlotmann with his wife as a maid and a shepherd lived in Kleesten. There were only 350 sheep left to herd, but quarrels and arguments were often heard. In 1737 there was already a sheepfold next to the large barn. In the inventory you can read: Here is a fairly large barn with a sheep shed and one is of the opinion that this estate offers plenty of pension from 4 to 500 rthl. could throw off. There is also a sheep farm for 7 to 800 sheep.
According to an inventory from June 11, 1744 at Meyerey Kleisten , almost all of the houses were not in good condition. In addition to leaky roofs and perforated clay walls, a number of doors and windows were damaged. Only the shepherd's cottage was in usable condition and there were 150 bushes with berries and five fruit trees in the tenant's garden.
In the Inquisition Protocol of May 24, 1745, held at the monastery district court in Dobbertin, it can be read that the shepherd Michael Meschke impregnated Johann Schlotmann's daughter. In 1747 the tenant Diedrich Wiencke sued for a brawl against his shepherd Jancken and in 1786 the monastery Sydicus Enoch Zander from the Güstrow district court negotiated against the shepherd Prüsing from Kläden for defamation of the shepherd Sternberg from Kleesten.
In 1751, “Kleisten als klein Dobbertinsch Gut und Schäferey” was mentioned in the list of confessors . In addition to Häckerknecht Peter Margraf and housekeeper Dorothee Tretzler, the shepherd Johann Prüß employed the Dröscher Hans Sternberg with his wife and the cowherd Friedrich Beckentin with his wife. The new barn was built in 1757 . After 1772, the Dobbertin monastery office and the forest in the Schwinzer Heide went over to orderly farming. The remaining fields were cultivated by the Kleesten and Jellen lease farms. In 1796 the old shepherd Sandberg and the residents Michael Sternberg and Johann Eickelberg were still in the village. On April 12, 1799, the Sternberg merchant Friedrich Fuhrmann sued the tenant Adolf Friedrich Molle zu Kleesten at the monastery district court in Dobbertin for failure to pay his debts.
Due to the overland route as the most important north-south connection of the Schwinzer Heide, Kleesten also had to suffer from the war with constant marches and billeting until 1815. When Russian and Swedish troops marched through from February 24 to 25, 1806, the Paulowsky Grenadiers with five officers, 138 NCOs and commons with only three horses spent the night in Kleesten. The general staff, several ammunition wagons and the hospital were quartered only four kilometers further in the Dobbertin monastery with the monastery captain August Friedrich von Lowtzow, who was a close friend of general von Blücher.
On April 15, 1814, the tenant house including horse and sheep barn, another stable building and the two-tiered cottage were completely burned down. Day laborer Joachim Biermann suddenly saw flames and smoke rising while he was chopping in the field. It took several hours until he got to the homestead and the fire report arrived at the monastery office, at that time there was no phone. But from Dobbertin the clouds of smoke could be seen. The monastery office paid a syringe premium for the first fire engine to arrive at the scene of the fire. The monastery fire engine came because of the unpaved and poorly navigable forest path "too late to be able to provide active assistance to inhibit the fire." Five days later, the experts of the knightly fire insurance, Mr. Major von Meding on Suckwitz and from Weltzien Klein Tessin says that nothing could be found about the origin of the fire . Then the present monastery captain Rittmeister August Friedrich von Lowtzow signed the protocol on Klaber. At the state parliament on December 2, 1814 in Rostock, it was heard about this great fire in the monastery office that this totally burned down building in the flat countryside was insured, but nothing could be found about the origin of the fire.
There is no news of the rapid reconstruction of the estate in the following war years. In 1819, 31 residents lived in Kleesten, including Lindemann, Meyer, Fründt, Koepke, Klevenow, Haase, Garling, Westphal and Rosin.
At the Sternberger Landtag on November 18, 1851, the tenant Christoph Bühring was waived parts of the lease because of the poor soil. The non-productive soils were laid to forest. In 1858 the economist Cristian Bartram from Stolpe took over the Kleesten farm and its living inventory from Christoph Bühring in the Neustadt office. These included the four field horses, two young horses, two horses, 26 cows, a bull, three calves, 400 sheep, 106 chickens and 32 roosters. A new pig house was only built in 1862 for 115 Courant. In 1866 the farm passed to tenant Friedrich Christian Seemann from Spendin. The 57-page lease agreement signed by the two provisional agents Josias Helmuth Albrecht von Plüskow and Heinrich von Bülow and the monastery captain Otto Julius von Maltzan with the lessee Friedrich Christian Seemann had only 35 paragraphs. On December 1, 1876, 34 residents were counted.
According to the plan of the manor buildings in Kleesten, which belonged to the Dobbertin monastery office in 1888, the location and size "in a valley gorge on a lake" were clearly shown. The rather small complex consisted of the manor house, a horse stable, a large grain barn, a large sheepfold and two other stables. In 1894, 333.7 hectares belonged to the estate and 34 people lived in Kleesten, which was called Kleisten until 1890. Of the farm buildings, the former sheepfold still stands on the north slope and opposite the barn.
Gut Kleesten was closely linked to Spendin , because both properties were leased together until 1907.
As a result, tenants of the Kleesten estate were:
- 1744 Diedrich Wiencken
- 1767 Johann Hinrich Ahrenholz, with donation
- 1773 Johann Christian Lierow, with donation
- 1799 Adolf Friedrich Moll
- 1801 Christian Lierow
- 1813 Hartwig Carl Lierow
- 1826 Economist Carl Simonis
- 1844 Christoph Bühring leased the highest bidder as a family with 11 children, with Jellen , continuously in arrears.
- 1858 Christian Bartram
- 1866 Friedrich Christian Seemann handed over to his son Hugo in 1891, with donation, from 1883 .
- 1886 Wilhelm Voss, with Neuhof
- 1892 Fritz Voss until 1910, with donors and Neuhof
Incorporation
With a resolution of the Mecklenburg-Schwerin regional administrative council of January 20, 1923, the rural communities Dobbertin and Jellen-Kleesten-Schwinz were merged into one rural community in accordance with Section 4 of the regional municipality code of May 20, 1920, with the stipulation that nothing was changed in the church conditions of the community .
Tenant house
The manor house, rebuilt after the fire of 1814, is a single-storey oak frame building with eight axes, brick infills and a crooked hip roof . On the ground floor with a front hall and the kitchen with pantry there was still the people's room and the heated rooms. In the attic there was a smoking floor above the second layer of beams. In the room inspection protocol of the monastery office of August 20, 1858, it is noted that three windows and the hearth are in need of repair.
Buildings in the village
In the presence of the head of the monastery , the provisional Gottfried Hartwig von Weltzien and EJ von Hobe as well as the monastery captain Hans Friedrich Christian von Krackewitz , the building of the sheep farm was entered in a plan by the kitchen master Carl Friedrich Friese in 1790. In the yard next to the pond was not the tenant house, but the chicken coop. Next to the large barn opposite the sheep and pigsty was the tenant's house to the west at the entrance to the courtyard. The former shepherd's house still stands on the old country road to Dobbertin. The bricks came from the monastery's own brickworks in Lähnwitz in 1777.
At the state parliament on November 12, 1800 in Malchin , the monastery rulers proposed building another cottage with two apartments in Kleesten. The permit for the construction of the two-tier caths was not granted until 16 years later.
In 1843 the construction of another, but massive, double-sided katens was planned. The heated living rooms should be laid out in the middle and the hallway and kitchen should be accessible from the gable end. But it was only seven years later that this cottage with a massive stable for 277 Courant was built at the entrance to the village. Because of the risk of fire, the half-hip roof was covered with double tiles instead of reeds.
According to the room inspection protocol of August 20, 1858, repairs to fire stoves with ovens and ovens at Koebcke, Wiencke and Cordt were necessary.
According to the plan for the farm and village from 1888, the tenant house, the sheepfold, the pig house, the horse stable, the barn and the fill shed stood on the farm in Kleesten. There were only three cottages in the village. The shepherd's house with old-age part flat still had a thatched roof. These three very well preserved former cottages are characteristic of the town today. In 1929 Kleesten had 25 residents and the primary school was in Kirch Kogel, 4 kilometers away.
In 1955 the place was connected to the energy network.
Located in the middle of the forest, the Kleestener Landweg was given a paved road connection to Dobbertin in 2003.
Forsthaus and Forsthof
After the death of the tenant Fritz Voss in 1907 the property was taken out of the lease and attached to the Schwinz forest district. After the reforestation of former monastic lands, the monastery office's forest districts were redistributed. Forester Zebuhr got the Dobbertiner forest clerk Mahnke as a station hunter, who lived in the old tenant house and now supervised the six day laborers there as forest workers with a new team of horses. The Kleestener Feldmark was separated from the Spendiner, but was surrounded by the monastic and Schwinzer forest. From 1911 Kleesten became an independent forestry with the protection area Rum Kogel . The station hunter Fritz Kliefoth was appointed district forester and still held the post in 1926. From 1919 onwards there was a long-standing dispute between the district forester Fritz Kliefoth and the Hamburg merchant Friedrichsen as Oldenstorfer farm owner about the transfer of land from the Kleesten forest reserve, which was first settled by the Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests in Schwerin.
The large barn with oak framework and thatched roof was to be moved to Lohmen in 1911 for the parish barn that burned down there, but in 1913 the monastery office had a new building built in Lohmen for 13,190.71 marks.
With Kleesten there were eight further districts in the Dobbertiner Klosterforst. In 1929 the Kleestener Revier included 800 hectares of forest, of which 795 hectares were coniferous, 25 hectares of hardwood, 1 hectare of coppice forest and 15 hectares of secondary usable areas, which were managed by 15 to 20 forest workers. The forester had 20 hectares of service land, 14 hectares of which were arable, 3 hectares of meadows and 1 hectare of garden land with 21 fruit trees. There were 4 horses, 6 cows and 10 pigs in terms of cattle. The forest area had a good population of red deer, wild boar and roe deer. There was little crime in the forest and hunting.
From 1919 to 1949 Kleesten was also part of the Mecklenburg State Forestry Office. Then the forest administration was reorganized several times.
As a result, foresters were:
- 1911 Fritz Kliefoth
- 1940 Chief Forester Kliefoth
- 1946 Ahrens
- 1948 Hübner, was dismissed because of irregularities.
- 1953 Karl Konrad Ernst Evers, previously head forester in Kläden (was in the Fünfeichen camp).
- 1968 Holger Westphal
- 1969 judge
- 1994 Jürgen Lembke
In the post-war years, the Kleesten district forester had already 23.3 hectares of clear-cutting areas by 1951. In the summer of 1968 there were several forest fires in the Kleestner district.
The Forsthof Kleesten now belongs to the Sandhof Forestry Office in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.
Monuments
monument
The current forester's farm with house and barn are under monument protection.
Area natural monument Southern steep slope of the Kleestener See
The steep slope on the south bank of the Kleestensee with an incline of 50 ° was formed at the end of the last ice age. It stands out clearly from the nearby flat, undulating sand landscape and is very valuable from a geomorphological point of view.
From the original pine stock, the more than 250-year-old five-stemmed pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) with a height of almost 33 meters and a trunk circumference of 4.7 meters was placed under protection as a natural monument in 1979 in the 1.74 hectare large area natural monument.
The area is not accessible via hiking trails.
literature
- Volker Beiche / Walter Kintzel: In nature conservation work in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Protected trees in the Parchim district. Güstrow 2009, issue 1, p. 24.
- Franz Engel: German and Slavic influences in the Dobbertiner cultural landscape. Würzburg 1934, VII, 174 pp. (Writings of the Geographical Institute of the University of Kiel; Volume II, Issue 3)
- Franz Engel: The Mecklenburg village of Schwinz, Jellen, Kleesten. In: Niederdeutscher Beobachter (1936), 98.
- Horst Alsleben , Fred Beckendorff: In: The manor villages, manor complexes and parks in the nature park and its surroundings. 6.24 Kleesten. Ed .: Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide Nature Park. Karow, 2007. (From culture and science, issue 5). Pp. 92-93.
- (Large) Ducal Mecklenburg-Schwerin State Calendar, Schwerin 1 (1776) - 143 (1918), I. Monastery property: Monastery office Dobbertin.
- Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch (MUB), Volume I. (1863) and Volume II. (1864) with document regesta.
- Fred Ruchhöft: The development of the cultural landscape in the Goldberg-Plau area in the Middle Ages. Ed .: Kersten Krüger / Stefan Kroll , Rostocker Studien zur Regionalgeschichte, Volume 5. Rostock 2001. S. 150,310.
- Klaus Weidermann: In: On the history of forests, forests and settlements. Ed .: Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide Nature Park. Karow, 1999. (From culture and science, issue 1) pp. 5–55.
cards
- Bertram Christian von Hoinckhusen : Mecklenburg Atlas with description of the offices around 1700, sheet 61 description of the monastery office Dobbertin .
- Topographical, economic and military chart of the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and the Principality of Ratzeburg. 1758 Dobbertin monastery with the Sandpropstei of Count Schmettau.
- Directional survey map from the noble Dobbertin monastery office in 1759.
- Wibeking map of Mecklenburg, 1786.
- Prussian state recording 1880, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1882, Dobbertin No. 946.
- Chart of the possessions of the Dobbertin Monastery, Section I. 1822, contains Kleesten, made by IH Zebuhr based on the existing estate maps from 1822.
- Economic map of the Dobbertin Forestry Office 1927/1928.
- Official cycling and hiking map of the Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide Nature Park 2010.
Web links
swell
Printed sources
- Mecklenburg record book (MUB)
Unprinted sources
-
State Main Archive Schwerin (LHAS)
- LHAS 1.5-4 / 3 documents Dobbertin monastery
- LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Provincial Monastery / Monastery Office Dobbertin
- LHAS 3.2-4 Knightly fire insurance
- LHAS 5.11-2
- LHAS 5.12-3 / 1 Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry of the Interior
- LHAS 5.12-4 / 2 Mecklenburg Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests, Dept. Settlement Office
- LHAS 5.12-9 / 5 Parchim district office 1921–1945, district forester farm 1923.
Individual evidence
- ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 343.
- ↑ MUB II. (1864) No. 680
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 1561. Lease register.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 1103, 1104, 4551.
- ↑ a b List of Confessors 1704, 1751. Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania State Library
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 716. Protocols of investigations in the monastery in 1737.
- ↑ a b c d LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 3518.
- ^ Ribnitz town archive, Dobbertin monastery files, D 45
- ↑ Horst Alsleben: The monastery office fire remains unresolved. Expert at a loss. SVZ, newspaper for Lübz-Goldberg-Plau, 19./20. March 2016.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-4 Knightly fire insurance. Kleesten File No. 557.
- ↑ Horst Alsleben: The monastery office fire remains unresolved. Expert at a loss. SVZ, newspaper for Lübz-Goldberg-Plau, 19./20. March 2016.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 3515.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 3514.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 3519.
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Minutes of the Landtag. November 18, 1851, No. 15. November 17, 1858, No. 14.
- ↑ LHAS 5.12-4 / 3 MfLDF No. 6788/1
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 532.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-4 Knightly fire insurance. Kleesten File No. 557
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Minutes of the Landtag. November 8, 1843, No. 22.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 4547.
- ↑ Ralf Koch: Safeguarding natural monuments in the Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide nature park. Woosten 2010. (unpublished), Appendix B