Yell
Coordinates: 53 ° 37 ' N , 12 ° 9' E
Jellen is the smallest part of the municipality Dobbertin in the Goldberg-Mildenitz district in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and is located in the middle of the Schwinzer Heide nature park , a little north of the old country road and former post road from Dobbertin to Krakow am See . As a residential and holiday resort, Jellen has only six residents.
geography
The Heidedorf Jellen is located in the nature park north of Goldberger See between Schwinz and Bossow . The terrain height is about 53 m above sea level. NHN . The area is wooded on all sides. To the northwest of the built-up area there is a damp depression that is drained to Lake Goldberg via a ditch. In another depression to the southeast, open, channel-shaped waters have formed. About three kilometers to the northeast is the 23.7 hectare nature reserve Jellen , named after the place, and about 1.5 kilometers northeast of the area natural monument Juniper Stock, Section 4184 Jellen Forest District .
history
In the oldest non-original document from 1227 for the renewed furnishing of the Dobbertin monastery , Jellen was mentioned next to several villages and corridors with 40 hooves of land up to the lake Lankau (Langenhagen). But the meager sandy soil in the south of Jellen may have prevented further expansion as a monastery area for the time being. The settlement established by the Slavs was called wentdorp in 1367 . In 1369, the squire Bernd von Bellin from Suckwitz sold the clerical monastery brother Heinrich for his lifetime and after his death to the prioress and the Dobbertiner nuns 12 hooves of land, 2 chickens and a staircase of eggs. In 1396 he gave the monastery another four Lübsche marks from the village of Jellen. After his death in 1376, Berend von Bellin auf Bellin left his extensive Jellen property to the Dobbertin monastery.
In 1397, eight families with seven different names lived in Jellen and made up the entire population. According to the family name, Henneke Nemoge was still of Slavic origin, while Henneke Capehingst was of German origin.
On April 23, 1455 Jellen finally passed to the monastery, because Gerdt von Linstow zu Bellin sold the Dobbertiner monastery provost Nicolaus Behringer and the prioress Ermegard Oldenburg with the convent the entire village of Gellant (Jellen) with all rights for 600 Mark Lübisch Strahlpfennig.
The Lütt Jellen and Grot Jellen parcels on Jellen belonged to the Kleesten district . The Hörnsch Kavel located behind the Sternberger Weg , a small forestry farm area , could indicate that Jellen was once a landscape name. The Hörnsch may be reminiscent of horn or deer, but could also apply to the horn- and hill-shaped land there. The name Jellen is Slavic Geline or Gellant and is interpreted as deer.
Village
With the increase in heathland in the Jellener Feldmark , only 16 Hufen arable land was left after 1441.
After 1550, the fields around Jellen shrank due to the natural expansion of the pine trees. While eight families lived in Jellen in 1540, there were five in 1611. How the monastery office tried to keep the people in the village at that time can be seen from an official report from 1593 to Jellen: “ Hans Cheel has been imprisoned in Dobbertin and forced to honor the praise and work that Burgschaff had to do to oppose the desolate Kathen des Wormb bawende and to be sheltered, for which the monastery should provide him with help and wood, the field is also increased for him. Hanß Cheel is accepted for farmers and subjects ... "
In 1587 Tina Baese escaped from Andreas Rostken's service to goods and Drewes Kobade was shot while fetching wood from the Hanen-dannen by the Vogt der Grabower and in 1589 was caught stealing wood several times.
In the clag book of the Dobbertiner monastery court in 1597 it can be read that the thresher Peter Hovemann from Hof Kogel, as the son of the Jellen village mayor, committed fornication with the maid Ilse Miltechen and that Hans Lael was imprisoned with Dobbertin.
The old village of Jellen may have been located in the wooded area known as the Saagmoor , as archaeological finds there show.
At the beginning of the Thirty Years War there were still ten kats. In 1633, Jellen , which belongs to the Kogel parish, was hit by great war ruin and in 1640 lay completely desolate . After the end of the war, the lack of people posed great problems for the monastery office, especially in the heath villages. In the official record of 1649 it is noted: When Dorothea Bahle wanted to travel from Jellen to Holstein, she had to swear that she would “return to the service of the monastery as an obedient subject within 14 days, if God help me and his holy word . "
In the main account book at the Jungfreulichen Closter Ambt Dobbertin in the name of God , the master chef Arendt Calsow zu Jellen wrote in 1674. This village was completely ashes of previous Teütschen wars and the field is only used to a small extent from Sandt to Kogelcker Hoeffe. Chim Schmidt, Claus Baeßen, Claus Schmidt, Chim Köster, Baltzer Diederich, Tewes Bowßen, Chim Vicker and Chim Reddin lived in the village. In the lease register from 1690 it further states: "The village is completely devastated and the field is mostly overgrown with dunes and heather, the one that is still usable is placed with the Kogelker Hof."
Jellen, like Kleesten, belonged to the Kirch Kogel parish. Between 1709 and 1715, the Kleesten priest transports also had to perform during the preacher's vacancy in Kirch Kogel.
Despite suffering from the war and billeting, the monastery authorities erected further cottages in 1815 for the forest workers needed. In 1819 Jellen had 22 inhabitants, including Dunkelmann, Leverenz, Ehlers, Gerrahn, Rademacher, Seemann and Stock. In 1840 a two-tiered cottage, ie with two apartments, was added on the eastern edge of the forest. The apartments consisted of a kitchen of twelve square meters, a heated living room of sixteen square meters and two chambers of six and nine square meters. In 1857 there were five cottages and two stables in Jellen. In 1858 the ovens at Klevenow and Weltzien had to be replaced, a new front door installed at Sternberg and the roof repaired at Luckmanns. On December 1, 1876, 53 inhabitants were counted. For the additional forest workers, another two-tiered cottage was built on the sand road in 1883. The initials KL are on a sandstone plaque in the gable . AD for monastery office Dobbertin and the year of construction 1883 can be seen. In 1923 Jellen still had 23 residents.
In 1955 the place was connected to the electrical power grid.
Incorporation
With a resolution of the Mecklenburg-Schwerin regional administrative council of January 20, 1923, the rural communities Dobbertin and Jellen-Kleesten-Schwinz were merged into one rural community in accordance with Section 4 of the regional municipality code of May 20, 1920, with the stipulation that nothing was changed in the church conditions of the community .
grange
As early as 1647, the monastery office tried to lease the villages of Jellen and Kogel. But it wasn't until the beginning of 1700 that an independent farm with an administrator was set up as a dairy farm , also known as a sheep farm. In the directory of confessors from 1704, Hans Jacob Eckelberg is named on the Meyerey Gellen as administrator with wife Maria, servant Jochim Garling and shepherd servant Joachim Strüfing. The farm consisted of the tenant house, a barn, the cattle house and a sheepfold. Low acquisition costs and only a few people were necessary for their maintenance and the cattle were provided by the monastery office.
In addition to Dobbertin , Kogel , Neuhof, Kleesten and Spendin , the number of monastery estates had grown again to six with Jellen.
In 1728, the monastery office at Hof Jellen noted: "Most of the field mark is overgrown with Dannen and Heide, so that most sheep are refected at this Meyerey."
According to the list of confessors from 1751, Jellen was a small Dobbertin estate and sheep farm with manager Hinrich Ode, a shepherd servant, the Dröscher, the residents Johann Bluhm and Friedrich Schnack and a hunter. The Dröscher helped as a day laborer with threshing on the estate.
In 1793, the Dobbertin monastery authority advertised Meyerey Jellen with Tannen-Heyde for lease. The poor, very sandy arable land was released for afforestation in 1794, but it was not until 1859 that the Sternberg Landtag decided to inseminate the field around Jellen with pine trees and convert it into forest. In 1894, the 1,706.6 hectares of Jellen were laid as the new district forest of the Dobbertin Monastery Forestry Office. Jellen had 33 residents at the time and the teacher assistant lived under the same roof with non-teachers.
As a result, tenants of the property were:
- 1704 Hans Jacob Eckelberg
- 1721 Johann Lange
- 1731 Georg Friedrich Fallenkampf
- 1734 Levin Christoff Drews
- 1747 Joachim Friedrich Küntzler, also Teerschweler
- 1751 Hinrich Ode
- 1754 Vollrath Jochim Christoffer Drews, also Teerschweler
- 1777 Runtzler, also Teerschweler
- 1779 Hans Friedrich Ahrend, also Teerschweler
- 1793 Hartwig Carl Lierow
- 1809 Johann Hinrich Ahrens, also Teerschweler with estate in Kleesten.
- 1835 Bühring
- 1846 Friedrich Timm from Wendisch-Waren, also Teerschweler
- 1858 Friedrich Alban
Buildings in the village
Manor house, at times school and forester's farm
The manor and tenant house had undergone multiple conversions after 1760. In 1859 it was converted into three apartments and the teacher's apartment was already used as a school in 1868. The teacher Meyer taught the students of several classes together in his living room. His poor, sandy school field had to be tilled by the carter Klevenow and later by the forest workers of the monastery building yard. Instead of a salary increase, the monastery office gave two cows and grain money. In 1899 the vacant school position was filled by the teacher Martens from Garden.
With the approval of the state parliament on February 25, 1904, a station hunter station was set up in Jellen. Forest worker Bartels had to move to Schwinz and the station hunter Karl Sauer lived in the current forester's house. In addition to income of 1,142 marks, there was also a vacant apartment with a garden, field, meadow, wood pasture for a cow and a strong one, straw, rye, oats, barley and fuel from the monastery office.
In 1904, an extension to the forester's house resulted in a classroom at the teacher's apartment for 2,241.07 marks. Lessons no longer had to take place in the teacher's living room. The students received a permanent toilet and the teacher a smoking floor. Until his retirement in 1919, teacher Karl Köppen taught 27 students in Jellen. In 1921 the teacher Bernitt went to Kläden and the teacher Hagemann from Stuer moved into his apartment. After complaints from three forest workers to the Dobbertiner monastery office because of non-regulated school conditions, it was only found in 1921 that the classroom was missing a bench with three seats, some ink pots, a map of Germany and a large blackboard. Since the school was temporarily unoccupied before 1923, it was closed completely by the Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry for Education in Schwerin from Easter 1924 after a temporary closure at the suggestion of the Landdrost School Authority in Lübz. The schoolchildren in Jellen now walked the 4.5-kilometer forest path to the primary school in Kirch Kogel every week in summer and winter.
In 1910 the Jellen district was established in the Dobbertin Monastery Forestry Office.
Station hunters and foresters were:
- 1904–1910 Karl Sauer
- 1910–1912 Fritz Heider
- 1913–1914 Karl Strecker
- 1915-1919 Martin Ewert
- 1916 station hunter August Lübcke
- 1929–1935 Buddenhagen
- 1937 District forester Martens
- 1938–1942 district forester Stüve
- 1946–1947 Laschkowski, dismissed for pushing wood.
- 1948–1950 H. Luckmann,
- From 1950 until his retirement he was the caretaker Schult.
In addition to the service land of 2.4 hectares and a garden with 8 trees, the forester had 2 horses, 2 cows and 2 pigs in 1929. The area consisted of 977 hectares of coniferous wood and was managed by 9 forest and forest workers. In the post-war years until 1951, 172.6 hectares of clear-cutting areas were reported in the Jellen district forester.
In a forest fire in 1963, 15 hectares of pine trees near Jellen were destroyed by embers from a field kitchen of the National People's Army (NVA) during a maneuver.
Tar stove
In addition to the sheep farm, some tenants in the nearby pine heath ran small tar mills. The Jellen tar furnace , first mentioned in 1706, was located with a katen south of the village on the Alte Warener Landstrasse in the direction of Bossow. In 1747 the Teerschweler Friedrich Kuntzler was already mentioned. In 1751, according to the list of confessors, the servants Johann Görris and Wilhelm Güschau were still employed by the Teerschweler Friedrich Kuntzler and his mother Marie. On February 17, 1790, the Dobbertiner provisional Bernhard Christoff von Blücher and Gottfried Hartwig von Weltzien and the monastery captain Hans Friedrich Christian von Krackewitz extended the tar smelling contract with the tenant Hans Friedrich Ahrend for a further two years.
As at the Forsthof in Schwinz, the half-timbered house of the Teerschweler was covered with reeds, the walls were filled with clay. The floor was also made of clay, but very bumpy. Only the stove, the stove and the chimney were made of bricks.
From 1885 to 1994, Carl Hartwig from Büdner and his son also ran the tar oven in Jellen in Wooster, following a lease with the monastery office. Remnants of the furnace with the slag, which was still operated in 1923 by the war invalids Werner Lange and Paul Bollhagen, can still be found on site. The Katen was inhabited by the Franke family until 1966.
A second tar oven stood a little further south of the Alte Warener Landstrasse and was operated from Schwinz.
Monuments
Architectural monuments
Katen Sandweg 1 and the forester's house are under monument protection .
Area natural monument Juniper stand forest district Jellen
The old country route through the Schwinzer Heide, which was used as a post road by the Dobbertin monastery until the introduction of the postal regulations in Mecklenburg-Schwerin in 1770 , leads past Schwinz and Jellen past an originally typical forest landscape of the Schwinzer Heide, the current 23.7 hectare nature reserve Jelling all the way to Krakow. In 1979 the still standing juniper was placed under protection as an area natural monument of the juniper population, Dept. 4184 Jellen Forest District, in the 2.83 hectares of gaps in the juniper and pine forest .
literature
- Volker Beiche, Walter Kintzel: In: Nature conservation work in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Protected trees in the Parchim district. Güstrow 2009. Issue 1, pp. 16-29, Issue 2, pp. 17-28.
- Franz Engel: German and Slavic influences in the Dobbertiner cultural landscape. Würzburg 1934, VII. (= Publications of the Geographical Institute of the University of Kiel; Volume II, Issue 3).
- Franz Engel: The Mecklenburg village of Schwinz, Jellen, Kleesten. In: Low German Observer. 98, 1936.
- (Large) Ducal Mecklenburg-Schwerin State Calendar, Schwerin 1 (1776) - 143 (1918), I. Monastery property: Monastery office Dobbertin
- Yell. In: The nature reserves in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. 2003, pp. 523-533.
- Yell. In: Handbook of the nature reserves of the German Democratic Republic. Vol. 1 (1972), pp. 183-184, Vol. 1 (1980), pp. 167-168.
- Burghard Keuthe: Pümpeltut and other field names of the Schwinzer Heide and adjacent field marks of the Parchim district. Edited by the Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide Nature Park, (unpublished) 2004. p. 51.
- Ralf Koch: Securing natural monuments in the Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide nature park. Development of a concept. Woosten 2010 (unpublished master's thesis), Appendix B.
- Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch (MUB), Volumes I, V, XXIII. Schwerin 1863, 1869, 1911 and document records.
- Fred Ruchhöft: The development of the cultural landscape in the Goldberg-Plau area in the Middle Ages. In: Kersten Krüger, Stefan Kroll (Hrsg.): Rostock studies on regional history. Volume 5. Rostock 2001. pp. 86, 150, 259, 274, 286, 310.
- Klaus Weidermann: In: On the history of forests, forests and settlements. Ed .: Naturpark Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide, Karow, 1999. (= From culture and science. Issue 1). Pp. 5-55.
- Horst Alsleben : Jellen. In: The farmers and forest workers' villages in the nature park and its surroundings. Ed .: Naturpark Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide, Karow 2012. (= From culture and science. Issue 7). ISBN 978-3-941971-07-3 , pp. 82-83.
swell
Printed sources
- Mecklenburg record book (MUB)
- (Large) Ducal Mecklenburg-Schwerin State Calendar, Schwerin 1–143 (1767–1918).
Unprinted sources
-
State Main Archive Schwerin (LHAS)
- LHAS 1.5-4 / 3 documents Dobberin Monastery
- LHAS 2.12-3 / 5 church visits
- LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Provincial Monastery / Monastery Office Dobbertin
- LHAS 3.2-4 Knightly fire insurance
- LHAS 5.11-2
- LHAS 5.12-3 / 1 Mecklenburg-Schweinsches Ministry of the Interior.
- LHAS 5.12-4 / 2 Mecklenburg Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests
- LHAS 5.12-7 / 1 Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry for Education, Art, Spiritual and Medical Matters.
cards
- Bertram Christian von Hoinkhusen: Mecklenburg Atlas with description of the offices, around 1700, sheet 61 description of the monastery office Dobbertin.
- Directorial survey map from the Hochadlichen Dobbertin monastery offices. 1759.
- Wiebeking map of Mecklenburg 1786.
- Topographical economic and military chart of the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and the Principality of Ratzeburg. 1788 Dobbertin monastery office with sand prostheses from Count Schmettau.
- Prussian state recording 1880, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1882, Dobbertin No. 946.
- Chart of the possessions of the Dobbertin Monastery, Section I. 1822, contains Jellen, made by IH Zebuhr based on the existing estate maps from 1822.
- Economic map of the Dobbertin Forestry Office 1927/1928.
- Official cycling and hiking map Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide 2010.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 343
- ↑ MUB V. (1869) No. 2861
- ↑ MUB XXIII. (1911) No. 12886
- ^ Wolf Lüdecke von Weltzien: Families from Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania. Volume 2, 1991 p. 59.
- ↑ MUB XXIII. (1911) No. 13100
- ↑ LHAS 1.5-4 / 3 documents Dobbertin monastery. Regesten No. 162.
- ↑ a b Burghard Keuthe: Field names Schwinzer Heide. 2004 (unpublished), p. 51.
- ↑ a b LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Provincial Monastery / Monastery Office Dobbertin. Official protocol book 1587–1593.
- ↑ Lhas 10.63-1 association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. Official protocol book 1645–1650.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin . No. 1103 main accounts 1674/75.
- ↑ Directory of confessors 1704. Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania State Library
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 3526.
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Minutes of the Landtag. November 21, 1883, No. 19.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-4 Knightly Fire Insurance, Jellen File No. 577-566.
- ↑ LHAS 5.12-4 / 3 Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests. No. 6788/1
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 3521.
- ↑ a b List of Confessors 1704 and 1751, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania State Library
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 3511.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 3512 a, b.
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Minutes of the Landtag. November 17, 1903, No. 18, November 14, 1904, No. 15.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 3510.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 3510.
- ↑ LHAs 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 625.
- ↑ LHAS 5.12-472 Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests, No. 740.
- ↑ Ralf Koch: Safeguarding natural monuments in the Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide nature park. 2010 (unpublished), Appendix B.